What is the difference between Zhuge Liang in history and Zhuge Liang in the rendition, can he really look at the stars and borrow the east wind? Zhuge Liang in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms is a demon with many wisdom and near demons, and he is like a god, claiming to be strategic and decisive, is he really so powerful?
Xiao Feng talked about history, today I will talk to you about Zhuge Liang, a historical figure, to see if the real Zhuge Liang is as god as said in the speech.
Since childhood, I have seen the cruelty of war and sympathized with the suffering of the people
Zhuge Liang was born in the fourth year of Guanghe (181 AD) during the reign of the Han Ling Emperor, and his hometown was Yangdu County, Langya County, where Zhuge Yimen was a famous and prestigious family, but by the time Zhuge Liang was born, his family began to decline.
When he was three years old, Zhang Jiao led the Yellow Turban Army to revolt, and the world was in chaos; by the age of five, his mother Zhang Shi died of illness and his father was lost at the age of eight, and Zhuge Liang had to take his younger brother Zhuge Jun with him to live with his uncle Zhuge Xuan.
When Zhuge Liang was 13 years old, Lü Bu killed Dong Zhuo, and the crowd took advantage of the opportunity to fight for power and profit, and there were wars everywhere, and the common people had to move to a place where there was no war in order to escape the war.
Cao Cao's father was killed while passing through Xuzhou during the escape, and Cao Cao moved to Xuzhou and led his troops to attack Xuzhou, and when he attacked Pengcheng, he also carried out a massacre, and the blood flowed like a river.
Although there is no historical record of Zhuge Liang's mood after hearing about Cao Cao's massacre, from the point of view of Zhuge Liang's love for the people after he entered politics, his heart must be very sad and full of sympathy.
Similarly, there is no historical record of how Zhuge Liang felt when he learned that Liu Bei had gone to Xuzhou with thousands of troops to stop Cao Cao, and judging from the fact that Zhuge Liang later followed Liu Bei with a dead heart, he must have greatly admired Liu Bei's courage.
When Zhuge Liang was 17 years old, Zhuge Xuan defected to Liu Biao in Jingzhou, and in the second year of Jian'an, Zhuge Xuan died, and Zhuge Liang simply lived in seclusion in Nanyang Longzhong, and Zhuge Liang at this time did not show outstanding talent.
At that time, Liu Biao set up a school in Jingzhou, Zhuge Liang studied in it, and after meeting with the famous Jingzhou scholar Pang Degong at that time, Pang Degong noticed this low-key young man and thought that he had great talent.
According to Chen Shou's "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", Zhuge Liang at that time lived in seclusion in Longzhong, liked to recite "Liang Fu Yin", and often compared himself to Guan Zhong, Le Yi and the like, people at that time did not agree, felt that he was exaggerated, nothing more than wanted to elevate himself, only his friends and classmates Xu Shu and other people knew his talents.
At that time, Zhuge Liang's two sisters were married to xiangyang local figures with heads and faces, plus Zhuge Liang himself had also studied in the Jingzhou Academy, had a background and culture, as long as the people on the sister's side recommended it, it was a very simple thing to want to mix an official and a half-job.
However, Zhuge Liang had great ambitions and great ideals in his heart, and his ideal was to pacify the Central Plains, revive the Han Dynasty, and let the people live and work in peace and contentment. So he lived in seclusion, waiting for the opportunity to wait for a man who shared his ideals and had a common heart.
Xiao Feng boldly speculated here, perhaps, Zhuge Liang's heart had long thought of the candidate he wanted to assist, although he had not seen Liu Bei before, but Liu Bei's name of benevolence and righteousness he had already heard of, as mentioned earlier.
Before he was born, he knew that the world was divided into three parts
In the sixth year of Jian'an (201 AD), Zhuge Liang finally waited for the opportunity.
In this year, Liu Bei was defeated by Cao Cao, in fact, before meeting Zhuge Liang, Liu Bei had never won Cao Cao, this time after being defeated, Liu Bei and his brother Guan Yu Zhang Fei ran to Jingzhou to join Liu Biao, and the soldiers and horses were stationed in Xinye.
After arriving in Jingzhou, Liu Bei, who had repeatedly lost battles and defeated Cao Cao, could not help but reflect on why he always failed, and he felt that Cao Cao not only had many generals, but also had many strategists to advise him.
Liu Bei knew that he was inferior to Cao Cao for the time being, but if he could find a wizard, he might be able to beat Cao Cao in his strategy.
There was no shortage of talents in Jingzhou, so Zhuge Liang visited the local hermit Sima Hui and asked him who met the criteria of a counselor in his heart.
Sima Hui had a friendship with another Jingzhou celebrity at that time, Pang Degong, who had lectured at the Jingzhou Academy, and he admired Zhuge Liang's talents, and once introduced Zhuge Liang and Pang Tong to Sima Hui, so Sima Hui said to Liu Bei: "Those Confucians who are dead to study are useless, and if you want to find a world-ruling wizard who can see through the situation in the world, the only one who can see through the world is the Crouching Dragon and Phoenix Chicks!" ”
This was the first time Liu Bei had heard about the figure of Zhuge Liang, and he did not immediately visit him.
In the twelfth year of Jian'an, Liu Bei was assisted by Xu Shu, who recommended Zhuge Liang to Liu Bei and suggested that Liu Bei visit him personally.
Liu Bei was thirsty for talent, and it didn't take long to visit, and he went many times, which was called "Three Gu Maolu" in later generations, and finally met Zhuge Liang.
At this point, although they had never met, they had already heard each other's deeds, and two people with the same ideals and ambitions finally met.
After the meeting, Zhuge Liang told Liu Bei about the strategy of dividing the world into three parts, analyzed the current situation, and finally suggested that Liu Bei seek an opportunity to occupy Jingzhou and Yizhou, unite with Sun Quan of Eastern Wu, and resist Cao Cao externally, form a three-legged momentum, reform politics internally, and wait for the opportunity.
This is the famous Longzhong countermeasure, Liu Bei was satisfied with Zhuge Liang's analysis, and appointed him as a military division, according to Liu Bei, that is, with Zhuge Liang, it is like a fish in the water.
In that year, Zhuge Liang accompanied Liu Bei out of the mountains, and at the age of only 27, he set a plan for three divisions of the world, and for many years thereafter it became the basic national policy of the Shu state.
Living in seclusion in Longzhong for many years, Zhuge Liang was not yet out of the woods, and he knew that the world was divided into three points.
Zhuge Liang is not as "god" as the speech says, but he is even more "fierce" than recorded in the speech.
Zhuge Liang's talent can be seen from longzhong alignment, but are the many legendary events about Zhuge Liang, such as borrowing the east wind and looking at the sky?
Xiao Feng can tell everyone with certainty that it is not.
Zhuge Liang certainly does not borrow the east wind, whether he likes to watch the sky at night I don't know, but even if he really likes to see the sky, he can only roughly guess when it will rain and wind according to the changes in the clouds, just like we can sometimes infer from the large clouds that appear in the sky whether it will rain in the near future.
Even after Liu Bei's defeat at Yiling, zhuge liang laid down a stone bagua array to trap Lu Xun in advance is not true, these are all made up by the author of the rendition, Mr. Luo Guanzhong, in order to show the image of Zhuge Liang's "multi-wise and near-demon".
However, although Zhuge Liang is not as "god" as stated in the rendition, he is even more "fierce" than what is recorded in the rendition!
Thirteen years after Jian'an, after Cao Cao unified the north, he decided to remove two opponents, Sun Quan and Liu Bei. He led 200,000 troops to rush to Jingchu.
At that time, Liu Biao of Jingzhou had died of illness, and his son heard that Cao Cao had brought 200,000 horses over, but he didn't think about it and immediately sent someone to surrender.
So Cao Cao went all the way south and went straight to Liu Bei.
In the same year, Liu Bei obeyed Zhuge Liang's strategy and sent Zhuge Liang to Eastern Wu to join Forces with Sun Quan in resisting Cao. This arduous task, Zhuge Liang completed very successfully, Liu Bei and Sun Quan united at Chibi, with 50,000 troops to cooperate with the fire attack against Cao Cao's 200,000 troops, at this time a plague broke out in Cao Cao's army, which eventually led to Cao Cao's defeat.
In the seventeenth year of Jian'an, Liu Bei listened to Zhuge Liang's advice, entered Yizhou, and successfully occupied it.
Twenty-second years after Jian'an, Zhuge Liang assisted Liu Bei for seven years, and Liu Bei, who had been suppressed and beaten by Cao Cao, already had the strength to compete with Cao Cao at this time, and in the First Battle of Hanzhong, Liu Bei defeated Cao Cao, entered Hanzhong to establish the Shu state, and claimed the title of king in Hanzhong.
After entering Hanzhong, Zhuge Liang grasped the political, legal, and economic aspects together to develop the comprehensive strength of the Shu state. During his assistance to Liu Bei, he took the lead in honest administration, engaged in production, bowed down, and even joined hands with Fazheng and others to formulate the Shu state's code of law, "Shu Ke", so that the originally barren Hanzhong gradually became rich.
Later, Guan Yu was killed, Liu Bei led an army to attack Eastern Wu in revenge, and the army was defeated, if zhuge Liang had not established a preliminary economic foundation for Shu Han in advance, after Liu Bei's death, the Shu state would not have been able to revive after Liu Bei's death.
After Liu Bei's death, the Shu state was unstable, and Zhuge Liang still followed the strategy of dividing the world with Liu Bei, put aside his grudge with Eastern Wu, and united with Sun Quan against Cao, and at the same time faced with the rebellion of the three southern counties and Meng Yu, he also quickly had countermeasures.
In the third year of Jianxing, the Shu state already had the capital to quell the rebellion under Zhuge Liang's administration, and Zhuge Liang went south to quell the rebellion, captured Meng Yu, made Meng Yu submit, and stabilized the rear of Shu Han.
From the sixth year of Jianxing to the twelfth year of Jianxing, Zhuge Liang launched five Northern Expeditions, but all of them ended in failure.
Shu Han Xiang, celebrities throughout the ages
Later, many people used Zhuge Liang's failure to take the State of Wei to satirize Zhuge Liang's launching of the war as a laborer and a loss of money, which was extremely stupid.
However, in Xiao Feng's view, after Liu Bei's death, the Shu state actually left a lot of messes, and Zhuge Liang was able to stabilize the domestic situation and quell the rebellion within a few years, and at the same time, he had the strength to launch the Northern Expedition within these years, which was enough to show how strong Zhuge Liang's ability to govern the country was.
During Zhuge Liang's reign, the peasant mutinies in the Shu state were far less than those in Eastern Wu and Wei, which showed that the Shu state at that time, under Zhuge Liang's governance, did have enough financial resources to launch a war without hurting the people's roots.
To this day, in the land of Sichuan and Shu that Zhuge Liang ruled, there are still many people who miss Zhuge Liang, and there are poets in later generations who write poems to remember, and Du Fu once wrote a poem lamenting: Before he dies, he will make the hero cry!
During the war, Zhuge Liang's military ability was also admirable, and often people attacked Zhuge Liang on the grounds that the five Northern Expeditions failed, but these people ignored the fact that the Northern Expedition was a war between countries, and this large-scale war consisted of countless small-scale battles.
In fact, in most of the battles in the process of the Northern Expedition, Zhuge Liang's side was mostly victorious, and even in the end, Sima Yi, who fought with him, gave up confronting Zhuge Liang head-on, chose to avoid fighting, and used dragging the trick until Zhuge Liang had no choice but to retreat.
You know, in the era of cold weapons, the difficulty of siege is not easier than it is now.
The side defending the city had natural advantages, and the special terrain of the Shu state also led to the inconvenience of grain and grass transportation during Zhuge Liang's Northern Expedition, and Li Bai once said that "shu road is difficult, it is difficult to go to qingtian".
Many factors added difficulties to the Northern Expedition, as long as one link went wrong, Zhuge Liang had to retreat, and once he retreated, the places occupied by the previous great victory would soon be retaken by the State of Wei.
Therefore, in general, the difficulty of the Northern Expedition war itself was hellish, and Zhuge Liang was able to regain the strength of the Northern Expedition within a few years after Liu Bei's death, and was able to crush the Wei side many times in the Northern Expedition, which showed the strength of his military talent.
Although he himself knew how difficult the Northern Expedition was, but the time was not waiting for anyone, he was old, if he did not take advantage of the fact that he took the State of Wei now, what face would he have to see Liu Bei after his death? And how to realize the common ideal of himself and Liu Bei, restore the Han Dynasty, and pacify the world?
However, the plot is in the people, the success is in the sky, Zhuge Liang finally lost some luck.
There were so many heroes and junjie in the Three Kingdoms period, but the only person who could be remembered, widely circulated and praised by future generations was probably Zhuge Liang.
Throughout Zhuge Liang's life, he is indeed not as "wise and close to the demon" as said in the speech, but the real Zhuge Liang is still a "fierce man" who far exceeds many strategists in the same period, and there was no shortage of strong people who led soldiers to fight in ancient times in China, nor did he lack advisers who governed the country, but like Zhuge Liang, he could not only lead soldiers to fight, but also govern the country, and at the same time there were only a few people who were honest and loved the people.
Shu Han Xiang is worthy of the four words of "celebrities for thousands of years".