Philip Zimbardo, a psychologist at Stanford University in the United States, once did a very interesting experiment.
Zimbardo drove two identical cars to two different areas, a middle-class neighborhood with better economic conditions and social security, and a relatively dirty and messy Bronx.
In order to stimulate everyone's desire, he took off the license plate and opened the roof of the carport.
The car parked in the Bronx was damaged not long after, and the first group of vandals that appeared was a family of three who took the radiator and the detachable parts in the car.
After this group of saboteurs, many people came one after another to take away the things they thought were valuable in the car, until finally the whole car was taken away.
And the car in the middle-class neighborhood, even if there are more people passing by, seeing, passing by, no one is going to touch it, and it is placed there intact.
Later, Zimbardo began a new move, personally leading the students to smash a large hole in the intact car with a sledgehammer.
Sure enough, it didn't take long for the car to disappear.
This is the broken window effect.
A disorderly and binding environment induces people to commit more crimes, just as two cars have different fates, and in different community environments, people demand differently of themselves.
We can often see school bullying incidents of teenagers.
The cause of the matter is simple, because a word is noisy, because the homework is not borrowed from you, because the clothes worn by someone are dirty, so the bullying began.
Even minors know how to look at the eyes, know that people who are not good should not be provoked, and know that people who will not resist how to bully are fine.
So sometimes school bullying is often followed, she can bully you, then I can also bully you, so it causes more and more serious consequences.
Dante once said:
"A person with incomplete knowledge can make up for it with morality, but a person with imperfect morality can hardly make up for it with knowledge."
Do not do evil for the sake of being small, and do not do it with the smallness of good.
Don't let the little things get worse and irretrievable.
Zhou Guoping once said: "The two kinds of people are the most confident, the omniscient and the ignorant." ”
I don't know if you've ever experienced this.
Because the other party had a problem, the two people had an argument.
You constantly try to convince the other person with reason, but sometimes he can argue with you for a few words, and sometimes he diverts the topic and attacks you in other ways.
You deeply understand that the content of two people is not on the same line, but he is complacent and feels that he has won.
You instantly think of the sentence that Qu Xiaoxiu shared with Andy in "Ode to Joy": "Always compete with the same good, not with the fools." ”
It's not your fault that the other person's knowledge is not yet enough for him to realize that he is wrong.
This is known as the Dunning-Kruger effect.
This effect was discovered in 1999, when there was a middle-aged man in the United States named Wheeler, who single-handedly robbed two banks.
Supposedly, anyone who wanted to rob should at least put a hood on his head, but he was not prepared for anything, and he went into the bank with a big swing and smiled at the surveillance.
The robbery went very smoothly, and the bank neither called the police nor rebelled against him. Of course, the police did not embarrass him and directly arrested him.
Huile is said to be shocked when he saw the surveillance: "Why can you see me?" ”
It turned out that after he knew that lemon juice writing could be invisible, he thought of applying it to his face, thinking that lemon juice with such a magical effect must be a chemical agent, and he could also be invisible when he used it.
Because the case was so magical and incredible, it also attracted the attention of Professor Dunning and Kruger.
The two men did a survey at a college debate tournament — asking students to take an assessment of their own level.
Students who ranked in the bottom 1/4 of the preliminaries thought they had won nearly 60 percent of the competition.
The reason is simple, because they don't know they are losing at certain moments.
But as they continued to learn and train their debating skills, they saw their weaknesses and admitted that their previous performances were indeed terrible.
The less capable people are, the more likely they are to overestimate their skills to the maximum.
The more I have never seen the world, the more I feel that my achievements are remarkable.
Again, the American psychologist Philip Zimbardo, he did another experiment.
In 1971, he posted a notice at a university: "To complete the experiment, college student volunteers are now needed, the experiment lasts for two weeks, and the payment is $15 a day." ”
This kind of good thing that can be paid for not doing anything is very attractive to college students who are financially strapped.
What was Zimbardo's experiment? Have these students go to the basement to simulate being prisoners and prison guards.
The subject of research is how people become bad.
Zimbardo selected 12 of these enrolled students as prisoners and 12 more as prison guards, and in order to make the effect more realistic, he also invited the participation of the local police station.
Everything is very real, from arrest to imprisonment is simulated according to the real situation.
Originally planned for two weeks, it was urgently stopped on day 6.
The prison guards are mighty and can be a blessing in disguise. Prisoners have no names but numbers, and every little protest is beaten, and everything is true until someone starts to collapse.
But the collapse had no effect, and they continued to go to jail. As a result, the oppression of the prison guards became more and more serious every day, and the prisoners began to become insensitive and suspicious of each other.
Everyone forgot that it was an experiment, and they began to lose themselves in this indulgence.
It wasn't until Zimbardo's girlfriend saw the scene where the guards humiliated the prisoners and gave Zimbardo a slap in the face that he reacted, which was an experiment that destroyed humanity.
The line between good and evil is not clear and unshakable, but insurmountable and changeable.
This is the Lucifer effect.
It was only an ordinary person who opened the gas valve in the Nazi concentration camps;
The man who mistreats his captives on the battlefield is also a mentally normal soldier;
Doctors who used women to conduct inhumane experiments have also saved lives...
In a harsh environment, people will remove their subjective consciousness and think that they are not actively doing evil, but just obeying orders.
This is a similar idea made by Hannah Arendt in Eichmann of Jerusalem – the evil of mediocrity.
When the line between good and evil is blurred, can ordinary people still hold on to themselves?
Living with good people, such as entering the room of Zhilan, and not smelling its fragrance for a long time, that is, dissolving with it.
Since human nature is always influenced by the atmosphere around us, why don't we look for a higher level of environment?
If you can't restrain yourself, then let the external conditions constrain you.
If the people around you are all positive and positive, then you will also be the "little sun" that people yearn for.
Born into a family of scholars, even if he is not an expert, he knows a little about poetry.
Birds soar far with the birds and phoenixes, and people are accompanied by virtuous and virtuous products.
Never underestimate the impact of the environment on a person.
This article is original by the Ming Dynasty, welcome to pay attention to, take you along with long knowledge!