Liu Cixin said in "The Three-Body Problem":
Weakness and ignorance are not obstacles to survival, arrogance is.
Survival is not an easy task, and cautious people go further than people who are too arrogant and complacent.
The former learns humbly and accumulates strength; the latter is complacent and superficial.
There is a saying that "the weak eat the strong", which is not absolute but also has a certain basis. In the animal kingdom, it is at the cost of life, and the existence of weak and small people in human society is more reflected in personal values, and incompetence will be eliminated.
But the weak can become stronger, ignorance can learn, and weakness and ignorance can survive. Arrogant people often feel that they are perfect, do not need to learn, and should be sought after by the audience. This kind of psychology will actually affect self-growth, unable to face up to their own problems, and unable to solve problems.
And there are some people who are not too arrogant and complacent in their daily work and life will unconsciously exude an ignorant self-confidence. It's like the Dunning-Kruger effect.
Arrogant aggressive reckless self important arrogance trapped man
The Dunning-Kruger effect indicates:
The more people who know nothing, the more confident they are.
In 1995, a middle-aged man named MacArthur Wheeler robbed two banks. Strangely enough, he didn't have any disguise on him, he was swinging wildly, and he smiled at the surveillance cameras in the bank before leaving.
When arrested, the police presented evidence of surveillance tapes. Wheeler was shocked and said, "No, how can you see me?" It turned out that he had mistakenly thought that lemon juice could be "invisible."
"Why is it that people who don't know anything about things can be so confident?"
Psychologist David Dunning and his graduate student Justin Kruger thus began a large number of studies and eventually concluded:
Ordinary people do not have the ability and are unwilling to recognize their own mediocrity. And the more ordinary people with ability and knowledge, the more they will have a kind of self-confidence for no reason.
Angry man with bad attitude giving talk to hand
This is a phenomenon of cognitive bias. People with insufficient self-awareness are often immersed in self-created advantages, believing that their abilities are incomparably superior and unable to objectively view the abilities of others.
The simple understanding is: "If you don't have the ability, you won't know that you don't have the ability." That is, there is no self-awareness and self-aggrandizement.
There may be a feeling of "the whole world is drunk and I am awake".
As shown in the chart above, most people think they can be above 50 points, but the reality is that there is a lot of difference between self-perception and actual level, and the higher the actual level, the more likely people are to underestimate themselves.
The greater the degree of overestimating oneself, the easier it is to bubble; when underestimating oneself, the more surprising the result.
Studies have shown that:
* People with poor abilities often overestimate their skill level;
* People with poor ability cannot correctly recognize the level of other people who really have this skill;
* People with poor ability are unable to recognize and face up to their own shortcomings, and the extreme extent of their deficiencies;
*If people with poor abilities are able to significantly improve their ability level with proper training, they will eventually recognize and acknowledge their previous level of incompetence.
When we understand the world, due to the limitations of intelligence, cognition, comprehension and other aspects, the cognition of the world will be biased, and people with correct self-knowledge will look at it objectively.
People with insufficient self-awareness are prone to subjective assumptions, judging and interpreting according to their own ideas, even if their understanding deviates from reality, they will also "turn a blind eye" because of their "lost confidence".
When we know the world and recognize ourselves, we must get out of the misunderstanding of self-centeredness, admit objective facts, look at the relationship between things dialectically, do not have the blind self-confidence of "the heavens and the earth are the most powerful", and do not want the super inferiority of "I can't do anything like this and that", look at it objectively, and study humbly.
Taking yourself too seriously, it is easy to be complacent to the sky and make people laugh;
Treat yourself too lightly, easy to humble into the dust, helpless.
To survive in this world, we should find a balance, grasp the correct self-perception, and at least not bias the general direction. Be humble, look for feedback, think carefully, keep learning, improve cognition, and look objectively.
The Dunning-Kruger effect reminds us:
Not knowing that you "don't know" is a very terrible state, you think you are quite powerful, that's because you don't understand what is powerful;
And you have to understand what is powerful, you have to make yourself more powerful.