Author: Ruler
On May 31 this year, the Politburo of the CPC Central Committee held a meeting to propose further optimization of the birth policy, the implementation of a couple can have three children policy and supporting measures. In order to actively cope with the aging of the population, the mainland has begun to fully implement the three-child birth policy.
After the introduction of the three-child birth policy, many mothers moved the idea of having another one, but at the same time there were some worries: what should I do if the child is not taken? Do you rely on the elderly, ask for a babysitter, or quit your job to be a stay-at-home mom yourself?
With the advent of the three-child era, childcare has become one of the biggest concerns
In terms of childcare, the second-child mother, Jiang Nan, has a lot of pain. She is a native of Shandong and stayed in Nanchang, Jiangxi province after marrying a college classmate. The couple applied to work in the same company, and they went to work and work together every day.
After giving birth to two daughters in succession, the patriarchal mother-in-law refused to help her take the second eldest on the grounds that her body could not eat. Parents who are far away in Shandong can't help, and if the mother-in-law refuses to bring it, she can only resign. Jiangnan has some concerns, losing her job to be a full-time mother, she will be disconnected from society, lose the right to speak at home, and have a bad life of reaching out for money.
At the end of the maternity leave, Gangnam offered to hire a nanny to take the children. They are just an ordinary working family, the in-laws have no jobs, and it is not realistic to hire a nanny. The mother-in-law weighed it up again and again, and could only reluctantly agree to take two granddaughters.
Even with the help of the mother-in-law, every day the family is still like fighting. Gangnam and her husband are responsible for sending the boss to kindergarten, and the father-in-law goes to pick him up in the afternoon. The mother-in-law is not only responsible for taking the second eldest, but also doing housework. In the evening, the second brother was brought by Gangnam himself. But she often gets exhausted from working all day during the day.
At night, she took the baby to sleep, the child was not yet asleep, she fell asleep first. The mother-in-law repeatedly hinted at Jiangnan to resign and take the baby, she pretended not to understand, and the mother-in-law and daughter-in-law gradually became angry.
Once, the younger daughter was sick, and the mother-in-law was also tired, and Jiangnan had to take leave to see the child. During that time, she and her two daughters got along closely, and found that from the smiling and smiling speech and demeanor of the eldest daughter, she could always see the shadow of her mother-in-law. In particular, some conservative concepts and ideas of the elderly have subtly affected their daughters. Jiang Nan suddenly realized that raising a baby is not only to feed and clothe the children, but also to give them a good education. After a few days of serious consideration, she resigned.
Now, the little daughter is finally in kindergarten. "In the past 3 years as a full-time mother, the baby has been quite good, but this is what I have bought with my career." I wanted to go back to work, but the workplace was changing so fast, I didn't know if I could keep up with the pace. Gangnam was worried.
Recently, the state introduced a three-child birth policy, and the mother-in-law rekindled the hope of holding her grandchildren and began a new round of birth. Jiang Nan asked embarrassedly, "If you give birth to the third elder, who will bring it?" Both mother-in-law and daughter-in-law were silent.
Second-child mothers like Jiangnan are not in the minority, not that they do not want to have children, but a series of practical problems that make them prohibitive.
Zhao Xin of Xingtai, Hebei Province, had not yet given birth to his second child, and he began to worry about having a third child. When the first child gives birth to a son, the mother and mother-in-law take turns to help with the child, and her life is very easy. After the introduction of the two-child birth policy, she decided to have another one without much thought, and her family also supported it.
But the plan is not as fast as the change, the sister-in-law gave birth to the second child one step ahead of her, and the mother wants to help the son with the baby. My mother-in-law fell ill and was hospitalized this year, and after being discharged from the hospital, she was weak and had more than enough heart but insufficient strength.
There are still two months to go before the due date, Zhao Xin and her husband are already busy, interviewing their sister-in-law and nanny every day. The couple's family is not bad for money, but it is not easy to find a cute child-rearing sister-in-law. Zhao Xin said: "I would like to have three children, but who will bring them is a problem." ”
Some elders also expressed concern about this, Wuhan netizens said from afar that they and their wives have not retired, can not help their sons with children, "help to take a while IS OK, has been taking my work is not allowed." ”
Hugging the group to nurture, the mothers fought
In May last year, the sheep became the mother of the second child. She is a native of Xinjiang and settled down with her husband in Yuncheng, Shanxi after marriage.
The eldest was brought by her parents, and now the elderly parents are unable to take the baby, and the in-laws have no time and energy. Sheep and sheep are reluctant to give up their careers, and made a post in the mother group, "Second child baby mother, who will bring our children?" A stone stirred up thousands of waves, and the mothers came out to complain about the troubles of raising the second child.
However, complaining does not solve the problem, and the mothers began to brainstorm and find the best way to not only keep their jobs, but also to free the old man from the fatigue of carrying a baby. Finally, the sheep said, "If only there was a nursery like we did when we were children." ”
In fact, Yuncheng is not without infant and young child care institutions for children under 3 years old, but the lack of high-quality teachers for infant and young child care makes the institutions unable to do so; the high cost of childcare makes bao moms prohibitive. Because of poor management, childcare institutions have closed their doors.
The sheep suddenly had a thought: since there is a "group pension" on the Internet, the mothers can "hold the group to nurture"! Everyone raised funds to recruit two gold medal sisters-in-law and concentrated the children in childcare. The idea of sheep and sheep was positively responded to by the 5 mothers in the group, and everyone decided to try to hold a group to nurture. Miao Ruiqian, the mother of the second child, said excitedly: "If this method is feasible, I still want to have another one." ”
After finalizing the plan, everyone divided their work and cooperated: recruitment of concubines, site selection, purchase of equipment... Six mothers rented a three-bedroom apartment as a "baby house" in a high-end community in the middle of several locations, which was decorated childlike and warm. The two high-paid sisters-in-law did their best, and the elderly were relieved after inspecting the environment. Everything is ready, the babies are staying in the "baby house", and the mothers have returned to work.
Two months later, the moms held another meeting to worry about their children's early education. The second treasure of the sheep and sheep is less than one year old and does not involve education; but Xiao Ru's daughter is two years old, she not only pays attention to "care", but also cares about "breeding", and the sisters-in-law can only take care of the children's diet and living. Xiao Ru's words made everyone think.
"If not, hire another early education teacher!" Sheep proposed.
Everyone calculated the cost and shook their heads. The monthly salary plus the rent and water and electricity costs, each month has 35,000 yuan, and each family is apportioned nearly 6,000 yuan. Everyone is a wage earner, if you hire an early education teacher, who can stand it?
However, Lin Xia, the sister-in-law of the moon, offered her resignation at this time. She said to the sheep and sheep with embarrassment: "As a sister-in-law, I can choose to work for two months and take a break, and now I have to go to work every day and take care of 3 children alone, which is too tired." The responsibility is also greater, the child is sick and the mother is not happy, and the grandparents are complaining that we are not professional, and I don't want to do it. ”
Sister-in-law Yue suddenly picked a pick, and several bao mothers were confused. Well said, Lin Xia agreed to try again for a while. A few days later, another sister-in-law, Wang Min, said worriedly: "We are not a regular institution here, there are no formalities, are you registering an institution, otherwise it will be checked, and we will not even be able to do it in the future." ”
The mothers were originally family-style group care, never thought of registering as a formal institution, and suddenly had no idea. Soon, Wang Min suddenly resigned, Lin Xia alone with 6 children could not be busy at all, barely insisted on a few days later had to resign, the group nursery attempt failed.
Moms can only set their sights on the childcare institutions on the market again. Yang Yang saw a person in charge of a childcare institution named Huazi Teacher on Zhihu, listing the 6 major crux of small and medium-sized childcare service institutions. Including difficult recruitment of teachers, unprofessional, large mobility, short childcare cycle, etc. As a result, the market for childcare services in smaller cities below the third tier is particularly weak, which discourages the sheep and sheep a little, "if only there were nurseries as before."
Nursery schools generally refer to institutions that care for infants and young children under 3 years of age, and there are forms of full day care, half day care, night care, seasonal temporary care and so on. The "post-70s" and "post-80s" should be familiar with nursery schools, and many people have experienced in daycare.
Guo Jie, a master of preschool education at Hebei University, mentioned in the article "Tracing the Historical Evolution of Preschool Education and Developing Preschool Childcare education in the Mainland": "In September 1980, the Party Central Committee issued an "Open Letter", calling on a couple to have only one child. The majority of married couples of childbearing age actively responded to the call of the Party Central Committee and enthusiastically signed up to have only one child, the urban child population decreased accordingly, and the service of mainland nurseries entered a second trough. The population has plummeted, the economy has slowly climbed, and the career development of nursery services has shrunk. ”
From this point of view, the shrinkage of the nursery industry is related to the decline of children in that year. With the introduction of the two-child and three-child birth policy, people began to miss the convenience of the nursery.
Policy support allows mothers to be willing and reassuring
In fact, the exploration of self-run nurseries by enterprises and institutions has not stopped. According to the "Guangzhou Daily Dayang Network", a technology company in Guangzhou Science City opened a nursery as early as 10 years ago.
At first, because the area where the company was located was surrounded by rural areas and the public facilities were not yet perfect, it was decided to run its own nursery. The area of the nursery is about 2,000 square meters, and the teachers have professional backgrounds, and some of them are master's degrees in preschool education at famous schools.
Because the teachers in the nursery are also employees of the company, the sense of responsibility is relatively strong. Employees' children only need to pay a certain monthly meal fee to enter the nursery. Although companies have to pay a lot of costs for this, company executives think it is worth it because employees have no worries to work with peace of mind.
After the introduction of the two-child policy in 2015, some enterprises have also begun to explore the establishment of in-house childcare service agencies. In 2017, Jingdong Beijing Headquarters Park set up a childcare center to accept the children of employees for 4 to 36 months to enter the nursery with the three teachings and one guarantee regulations with the teacher allocation standards higher than the requirements of running the kindergarten.
During the exploration period, the childcare center is set up to solve everyone's temporary care needs, considering that the needs of employees are mostly short-term, transitional periods and there are certain uncertainties, and the monthly appointment application system is implemented.
On July 26, 2021, the relevant staff of Jingdong Company told reporters in an interview: "The relevant departments of the company consider that if there is a weekly hosting demand in the future, it will also be gradually optimized and adjusted according to the employee research opinions and data information." ”
Jingdong's intimate benefits in childcare also include: in the planning of the new workplace building in Yizhuang, it is expected to build more than 70 mother and baby rooms, covering an area of nearly 1,000 square meters; ultra-long paid welfare maternity leave, so that mothers can care for newborn babies with peace of mind; provide care ropes, shuttle caring seats, canteen special meal lanes and dining seats, and expectant mother parking spaces for expectant mothers. If more enterprises and institutions can provide childcare services, then working mothers can more safely conceive their second and third children.
On May 9, 2019, the Guiding Opinions of the General Office of the State Council on Promoting the Development of Infant and Child Care Services for Children Under 3 Years of Age were issued and implemented, proposing to standardize the development of various forms of infant and child care service institutions.
On February 21, 2020, the Beijing Chaoyang District Market Supervision and Administration Bureau approved the business license application of "Beijing Miaoshu Childcare Service Co., Ltd.", which is the first infant and child care service institution for children under 3 years old approved by the Beijing Municipal Market Supervision and Administration Bureau. In order to promote the development of infant and young child care services, from 2020 to 2025, Beijing plans to build no less than 34 infant and child care service institutions with demonstration effects.
On June 25 this year, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Civil Affairs, and the National Health Commission announced the Implementation Plan for the 14th Five-Year Plan for Actively Responding to Population Aging and Childcare Construction.
In terms of building a childcare service system, it is proposed that the first is to build or use existing institutional facilities, vacant sites, etc. to renovate and expand, build a number of public childcare service institutions, and support the construction of exemplary and comprehensive childcare service center projects that undertake guidance functions. The second is to expand the supply of inclusive childcare services, support enterprises and institutions and other social forces to hold childcare service institutions, support public institutions to develop inclusive childcare services, and explore the development of new models and new formats of childcare services such as family childcare sharing platforms and family childcare points.
After the news was released, "supporting enterprises and institutions to hold childcare service institutions" was quickly searched on Weibo, which is enough to see that childcare has become the focus of social attention and has been widely concerned. The staff of the Health Commission of Chuzhou City, Anhui Province, told reporters that under the support of local policies, the number of people consulting registered infant and child care institutions in Chuzhou City this year has increased sharply.
Wang Dong, the head of a local childcare institution that has done a relatively successful job, shared their experience in solving the problem of insufficient teachers: "We have cooperation with the preschool education majors of colleges and universities, and will set up scholarships for students to attract college graduates to work in institutions. ”
At present, their infant and young child care institutions have little profit, because the income of residents in small and medium-sized cities is limited, the service should be high standards, and the fee should be controlled at about 2,000 yuan. Wang Dong believes that now that the state has introduced new policies, coupled with the implementation of support policies in the later stage, the infant and child care services of their institutions will certainly be better and better.
Sugar Sugar is an only child who worked and married in Xi'an after graduating from university. When the two-child policy was introduced, she was "ready to move.". Because Sugar Sugar's mother was an only child, and her grandmother was sick and hospitalized, she ran forward and ran alone, almost tired. Therefore, the mother often advises her to have more children, one is that there is a dependence between the children; the other is that in the future, when she is old, the children can take turns to take care of them and reduce the burden.
Sugar Sugar's heart was moved, but both parents were not yet of retirement age, and the regenerated child could only be sent to a childcare institution, and the high cost of childcare made her a little prohibitive.
After seeing the Weibo hot search of "supporting enterprises and institutions to hold childcare service agencies", Sugar Sugar couldn't hold back her joy and said to her husband: "Is it time for us to get pregnant?" ”
At present, many cities have begun to explore childcare services, but the implementation and implementation of any policy will take time, and it is impossible to achieve it overnight. It is believed that with the implementation of more supporting measures for fertility, mothers will be willing to be born and raised at ease.