The family education model refers to the methods and forms commonly used by parents in the activities of raising and educating their children, which is a generalization of the characteristics of parents' various parenting behaviors and a relatively stable way of behavior. It includes the conceptual views, emotional emotions and behavioral manifestations expressed in the process of parenting. The family education model is crucial to the cognitive, physiological and psychological growth of children in early childhood.
In 1967, the American psychologist Diana Baumlind conducted an extensive survey, focusing on the developmental results of parental parenting behavior on children, from two dimensions: one is the emotional attitude of parents towards children, that is, the responsiveness (acceptance-rejection) dimension; the other is the degree of parental demand and control over children, that is, the demanding (control-tolerance) dimension summarizes the three basic family education models of authority, authoritarianism and laissez-faire.
In 1983, psychologists Eleanor Maccoby and John Martin based on Baumlind to propose four models of family education: authoritarian, authoritarian, conniving, and neglectful.
In 1990, the American psychologist Foster M. Klina and Jim. Fei coined the term "helicopter parents," which refers to parents hovering over their children's heads like helicopters, directing, controlling, and helping their children. It is a metaphor for parents to overly interfere with their children's study, work, life, interpersonal communication, etc., and take care of everything for their children, for fear that their children will have a little mistake.
In 2016, Julie Leescot-Heems, a pioneer of the American parenting revolution and former freshman provost at Stanford University, pointed out in her book "How to Make Children Adults and Adults" that authoritarian and laissez-faire, indulgent parents may be helicopter parents. Julie suggests that the root of a child's problem is not in the child, but in the wrong parenting style of the parent.
4 family education models that affect children's personality development
A large number of studies have shown that the authoritative family education model is most conducive to children's psychological social development and academic performance, not affected by race, culture, family structure, socio-economic status, relatively speaking, it is a more appropriate family education method, and it is most likely to cultivate independent and social children. Children's growth is dynamic, and there is no standard answer for family education, let alone a master key. In the process of educating children, parents need to switch between different family education models according to the actual situation and use them flexibly. For example, when a child is sick, parents can become more indulgent, take more care of the child, and appropriately lower the requirements; for example, when a 4-year-old child crosses the road, the parents hold the child's hand to cross the road, and the parents change to the authoritarian type.
Each child is unique and requires parents to take the time to observe, think, summarize and constantly try to explore the patterns and methods that are appropriate for interacting with their children. A good family education model can cultivate children's good social adaptability; a bad family education model leads to weak survival skills and low social adaptability. I wish every child a healthy growth, and I wish all parents to become smart parents.
