In 1279, the last resistance of the Southern Song Dynasty was completely overthrown by the Jin army, and a battle of Yashan ended the history of the Southern and Northern Song Dynasties, 200,000 people were martyred, and the Silver Lake has an afterscent today, which is the last integrity shown in history under the end of the weak Song Dynasty.
In the late Southern Song Dynasty, there were strong enemies on the outside and social turmoil on the inside, and after Song Duzong succeeded to the throne, he did not think about strengthening the country, but indulged in fun, and the power of the government was handed over to the traitorous minister Jia Xiangdao.
When an empire is exhausted, the chance of redemption is the emergence of a wise and divine monarch and a good ruler who rules the world.
Song Duzong was obviously not the wise and divine monarch, and Jia Xiangdao was obviously not the one who ruled the world, and there were many loyal generals under the weak Song, but the will of the upper echelons determined the driving force of the lower levels.
Song Duzong did not think of reorganizing the mountains and rivers, and Jia Xiangdao, in order to control the power, did not hesitate to harm Zhongliang and murder political enemies for his own selfish interests.
In the Battle of Xiangfan, Jia Rudao concealed military information and refused to send troops to rescue, the gateway to the Southern Song Dynasty was opened by the Mongol army, the fall of Xiangfan caused the Yuan army to move south in a big way, and the final end of the Southern Song Dynasty's small imperial court came.
In the strong southward march of the Yuan army, Song Duzong died, after which Emperor Gong of Song succeeded to the throne, and the empress dowager Xie Shi listened to the government, still appointing Jia Xiangdao, the Yuan army's way south was unmatched, and the Song army was defeated and retreated all the way, and finally besieged the Song capital.
Faced with the strong siege of the Yuan army, Jia Rudao asked the Yuan army for peace, but at this time, the Southern Song court had already had no bargaining chips for peace, and the Yuan army refused the Southern Song Dynasty's peace request and ordered the Southern Song Dynasty to surrender Kaesong.
In 1276, the Southern Song Dynasty announced its surrender under the siege of the Yuan army, and Emperor Gong of Song and Empress Dowager Xie became prisoners of the Yuan army and were escorted to Dadu to be humiliated.
When the city of Lin'an was destroyed, Emperor Duzong of Song's Concubine Yang fled with her sons Zhao Fu (赵昰) the Prince of Yi and Zhao Fu (赵昺) the Prince of Guang, under the cover of his uncle Yang Liangjie, while the Yuan army, which was bent on exterminating the Imperial Court of the Southern Song Dynasty, pursued them all the way, and relying on the desperate resistance of the cover troops, Lady Shu and her party fled to Fuzhou, and Zhao Yun, who had just turned seven years old, was supported as the Young Emperor, Emperor Duanzong.
The small court of the Southern Song Dynasty in Fuzhou was established, after which Zhang Shijie was made a general, Lu Xiufu was made a privy councillor, Cheng Yizhong was made a minister, and Wen Tianxiang was a shaobao, and a small court in exile was formed.
However, at the time of this kind of national destruction and family death, the internal party struggle within the small imperial court was still serious, and the various factions squeezed and pushed each other out, so that the Yuan army continued to lose repeatedly.
In 1277, Fuzhou was attacked by the Yuan army, and the exiled small court fled to Quanzhou, and Pu Shougeng of Quanzhou City, seeing that the small imperial court was unable to save the building from falling, dismembered and surrendered the Yuan army, and refused to lend a ship to Zhang Shijie and others to flee.
Fortunately, Zhang Shijie and others had already learned of Pu Shougeng's rebellion in advance, so they directly grabbed the ship and fled overseas, and finally came to Guangdong.
However, during his escape from the sea, the frail Ande-so-ill Emperor Duanzong of Song died of illness, after which Zhao Fu, the King of Guang, was made emperor, that is, the late Emperor of Song.
After the late Song Emperor succeeded to the throne, the exiled small imperial court fled to Yashan, where it established the last anti-Yuan base area.
Wen Tianxiang was ordered to lead his army to resist the enemy on land, and although he regained many prefectures and counties after entering Jiangxi, the Yuan army attacked fiercely, and finally suffered a major defeat in the Battle of The Empty Pit, and his wife and children were captured, and only he was able to escape.
In the following year, Wen Tianxiang was defeated again in the battle against the Yuan army, and then prepared to draw his sword and martyr the country, but eventually attempted suicide and was captured by the Yuan army.
After Wen Tianxiang was captured, the generals of the Yuan army repeatedly lured him to surrender, but Wen Tianxiang was not moved, and when he was escorted across Ding Yang, Wen Tianxiang wrote the famous passage "Crossing Zero Ding Yang".
After a hard time, the stars fell around.
The mountains and rivers are broken and the wind is fluttering, and the life is floating and raining.
The panic beachhead said trepidation, zero Ding Yang sighed zero Ding.
All men are mortal? Leave Dan in his heart.
After that, he was imprisoned for three years in Dadu, and for three years, Yuan Shizu wanted to persuade Wen Tianxiang to surrender, and even sent the captured Emperor Gong, but Wen Tianxiang was not moved, and finally Yuan Shizu lost patience and ordered Wen Tianxiang to be executed, this year Wen Tianxiang was forty-seven years old.
After his death, the jailer found a poem in his pocket.
Kong Yue Chengren, Meng Yue takes righteousness, only its righteousness is exhausted, so RenZhi.
What did you learn by reading the books of the sages? And now and then, shu is almost worthy.
This is the praise that Wen Tianxiang left to the world, and it is also Wen Tianxiang's desperate poem.
In the same year that Wen Tianxiang was captured, the Yuan army chased to Yashan, at this time the small court of the Southern Song Dynasty had no land anti-Yuan army, only this sea anti-Yuan army, a total of 200,000 people, of which more than 100,000 were civilian officials, civilians, palace women, eunuchs, and all kinds of ships were only a few hundred thousand.
But fortunately, the Yuan army only had tens of thousands of troops, and was not accustomed to water warfare, and the small imperial court of the Southern Song Dynasty occupied the terrain, so the Song army still had an advantage in this naval battle.
Before the start of the war, some generals proposed that the outlet of the bay should be occupied first to protect the route of retreating westward, but Zhang Shijie was afraid that the soldiers would flee during the battle, so he rejected this proposal.
Zhang Shijie ordered his subordinates to connect more than a thousand ships in the bay with large rope locks, while the late Song Emperor commanded on the middle warship to resist the enemy with the power of an iron lock chain ship.
The Yuan army saw that the Song army had put up a chain of ships with iron locks, so it made up its mind to attack with fire, and rushed to the Song army ships with thatch and grease in small boats, hoping to use the wind to ignite the fire and burn the chain ship array of the Song army.
But Zhang Shijie had already anticipated this, and he ordered people to cover the warship with mud to block the Yuan army's strategy of attacking with ammunition.
The first wave of the Yuan army's offensive did not succeed, so it directly blocked the bay and cut off the supply line of water and food for the Song army.
The Song army, under the blockade of the Yuan army, soon ran out of fresh water and military food, and in the midst of hunger, thirst and starvation, a large number of soldiers began to fall ill.
At this time, the Yuan army saw the opportunity and launched a fierce attack, Zhang Shijie saw that his subordinates could not resist, so he quickly cut the rope lock and dispatched elite troops to escort Empress Yang and the late Song Emperor to break through, but because the warships of the late Song Emperor were sandwiched between the ships, it was impossible to break through.
There was no way, Zhang Shijie had to send a small boat to pick up the late Song Emperor, but because Lu Xiufu was worried that the person coming was the Yuan army impersonating, he would not hand over the late Song Emperor.
Seeing that it was impossible to break through and that defeat was a foregone conclusion, this loyal minister drove all his wives and children into the sea, while he himself committed suicide by jumping into the sea on his back, and the courtiers accompanied the eunuch Palace Lady to see that the late Song Emperor had been martyred, so they followed suit, and the words of martyrdom resounded throughout the bay in one night.
The next day, at dawn, the sea surface floated ten miles, and the late Song Emperor was quickly recognized because he was wearing a dragon robe, and was later fished up and buried by the Yuan army on the seashore.
After the martyrdom of the late Song Emperor, Zhang Shijie, who broke out of the siege, learned of this news, and originally planned to continue to look for the descendants of the Zhao clan in the name of Empress Yang to continue to resist the Yuan, but Empress Yang learned that the late Song Emperor had died, and eventually she also jumped off a cliff to martyr the country, and the disheartened Zhang Shijie finally followed Empress Yang into the sea and was martyred.
In 1279, the last resistance of the Southern Song Dynasty was destroyed by the Yuan army, and it was completely destroyed.
Although the Battle of Yashan ended in the disastrous defeat of the Southern Song Dynasty, the great patriotic spirit and indomitable heroism displayed by the soldiers and civilians of the Southern Song Dynasty in this battle can be sung and wept.
In the Battle of Yashan, the Song army suffered heavy casualties, and the patriotic soldiers fought to the death against the enemy, and almost all of them died heroically.
"Cliffs and mountains are loyal to the soul, and then first illuminate the ages", which is admirable and lamentable, 200,000 people have martyred the country, and the Silver Lake has a lingering fragrance today, which is the last integrity shown in history under the end of the weak Song Dynasty.