In 1279, the Battle of Yashan ended with the total annihilation of Zhang Xianzhong's troops, Zuo Chengxiang committed suicide by jumping into the sea with his eight-year-old crown prince, Kublai Khan officially completed unification, established the Yuan Dynasty according to the meaning of the Great Qianyuan, and established the largest state in the history of the Central Plains.
Kublai Khan was not a qualified monarch, and after officially becoming emperor, he began to implement a series of systems that made the Yuan dynasty a chaotic and repressive dynasty. It can even be said that from the day Kublai Khan officially succeeded to the throne, the demise of the Yuan Dynasty was only a matter of time.
Recruit talent
In history, every successful ruler has his own opportunities, but also has the same advantage, that is, to recruit talents and be able to gather a large number of talents around him, from Qin Shi Huang to Zhu Yuanzhang, they have gathered a group of people from different countries and different characteristics, which Kublai Khan is no exception.
From the moment he personally led the troops, Kublai Khan's side began to gather a large number of talents, including not only Kublai Khan's Mongolian compatriots, but also the Han talent group and the Western Talent Group, especially the emergence of Han talents, which contributed to Kublai Khan's success.
In Kublai Khan's life, the most profound influence on him was the Hao Jing, in 1259, the unexpected death of the Mongol Great Khan Möngke, which brought all the Mongol troops who were fighting abroad to stop, and for the foreign conquest, returning to the steppe to compete for the throne was the most important. At that time, Kublai Khan fell into a deep hesitation.
At this time, the appearance of Hao Jing and the "Banshi Discussion" not only made Kublai Khan immediately determine the direction, but also gave him a step ahead of him, in the early days of his succession to the Mongol Great Khan, although it was not recognized by all The Mongol tribes, everything was already nailed down, and no one could refute it.
In addition to the Hao Jing, Liu Bingzhong's role is also indispensable, the design of the entire Yuan Dynasty, the name of the Yuan Dynasty, etc., are inseparable from this erudite master, if Kublai Khan did not have the help of these "non-Mongols", he would never have been the founder of the Yuan Dynasty in history.
But all this changed after the establishment of the Yuan Dynasty.
Run counter to
Since the time of Qin Shi Huang, every founding emperor has been doing the same thing, practicing ethnic equality and establishing a relatively stable era, even after the Qing Dynasty entered the customs, the Eight Banners were still designated as nobles, but above the imperial court, Han ministers have been treated relatively equally.
The reason why those powerful Han people began to follow Kublai Khan very early on, on the one hand, is that Kublai Khan is indeed heroic and strategic, and can listen well to the suggestions of others, on the other hand, Kublai Khan's wife Chabi is very optimistic about Tang Taizong, and she always believes that Kublai Khan should follow Li Shimin's example and use benevolence to appease the people of the Southern Song Dynasty after the founding of the country.
However, when the Yuan Dynasty was officially established, kublai Khan, who was originally benevolent and rational, became the spokesman of the upper Mongolian nobility, which made the Yuan Dynasty a nightmare for the Han people.
Since as the spokesman of the Mongolian elite, all interests must be moved closer to the Mongolian nobility, under this premise, the nightmare of everyone began, whether it was Hao Jing or Liu Bingzhong, they all regretted contributing their strength to such a person.
hierarchy
After establishing the Yuan Dynasty, Kublai Khan quickly established a very strict hierarchy and treated all the regions of the Southern Song Dynasty as the trophy of the Mongols, as if it were not their territory, but the place they used to loot.
Not only that, whether it is legal or social status, the status of the Han people is the lowest, belonging to the ranks of "untouchables", even a very ordinary Mongolian, you can also rob the Han people of their finances at will, kill the Han people, will not be punished in any way, and even the Mongols will be used as a gimmick to show off.
Not only that, but the Han Chinese who made great contributions to the establishment of the Yuan Dynasty also quickly became a thorn in Kublai Khan's eyes, and those who were lucky enough to be excluded from the center of power became an idle person, while those who were unlucky were directly executed, sometimes even bothering to find excuses.
In addition to the outrageous hierarchy, Kublai Khan's internal oppression of the Han Chinese was also very serious, which was mainly reflected in taxes.
After Kublai Khan established the Yuan Dynasty, he ordered an increase in taxes for all Han Chinese, coupled with the implementation of yuan banknotes and the increase in salt taxes, the Yuan Dynasty could still maintain the fullness of the national treasury in the case of perennial foreign wars, which shows how cruel Kublai Khan was to ordinary Han people.
In the Central Plains, the oppression of the final, the highest tax is the Jiangnan region, jiangnan region has always been the most prosperous place in the Central Plains, but this has also become a cash machine in the eyes of Kublai Khan, with the high tax revenue of the Jiangnan region, Kublai Khan constantly launched wars abroad, Japan, Burma, Annam and so on have become Kublai Khan's primary targets.
Because of Kublai Khan's oppression, the Jiangnan region launched more than four hundred peasant uprisings in just six years, and almost every person in the Jiangnan region joined the army opposing the Yuan Dynasty because they could not survive, but this still did not attract Kublai Khan's attention, and he always believed that his choice was right.
Perhaps it was a perverse punishment, Kublai Khan suffered the pain of losing his wife and losing his son in middle age, and when Kublai Khan was anxious about the peasant uprising, Kublai Khan's wife Chabi continued to make up for her husband, and she had to teach Kublai Khan the stories of the ming kings in history almost every day.
But the good times did not last long, and before Kublai Khan could discover the problem, Chabi died, which caused a great blow to Kublai Khan, but who would have thought that just three years later, Kublai Khan's favorite son, who he regarded as the future heir of the Yuan Dynasty, also died young.
Their deaths made Kublai Khan discover the problem, and he began to make some changes to oppose the oppression of the Han by the Mongol nobility and the wanton enclosure of land by the Mongol nobility.
But the policies he left behind were already deeply rooted in the Yuan Dynasty, and he alone could not make changes, and in desperation, he could only pin all his troubles on food, overeating every day, and died in 1024.
The Yuan Dynasty is the largest and most effective dynasty in The history of our country, but it is also the shortest-lived dynasty, from the founding of the country to the demise of less than a hundred years, he is the only dynasty in the history of our country that has been opposed by the low-level civilians since the founding of the country, all of which is related to Kublai Khan's policies.
The terrible hierarchy was enough to destroy any country, and coupled with the yuan dynasty's super high taxes and the vices of the Mongol royal family, the Yuan dynasty was eventually overthrown by the peasant revolt, and the whip of God, which once frightened the whole of Europe, was eventually torn to pieces in the hands of the peasants.