Text/Kingdom Building
In 1275, when the news of the defeat of the chancellor Jia Rudao at Dingjiazhou reached Lin'an, the Southern Song Dynasty, which was already in turmoil, could no longer withstand the erosion of internal and external troubles and collapsed. Although Empress Dowager Xie Daoqing symbolically demoted Jia Rudao from the imperial court, the successor Chen Yizhong was unable to return to heaven. After the fall of Pingjiang, hundreds of officials were busy fleeing for their lives, and only six officials went to the court of the Southern Song Dynasty. Empress Xie cried: "In the more than three hundred years since the founding of the Great Song Dynasty, I have always treated each other with courtesy. Now that I and the new monarch who succeeded to the throne have suffered mondo, none of you, the great and small courtiers, have called for the salvation of the country. There are bureaucrats defecting inside, there are county guards outside, there are abandonment of printing and abandoning the city, the division of eyes and ears cannot correct for me, and the two or three rulings cannot advocate the leadership of mass workers, and they have even conspired inside and outside to go on a night.' Reading the books of the sages on weekdays, what is promised! But at this time, he made this move, how to face people in life, and how to see the emperor in death! But how much weight does this call carry before ministers who are greedy for life and afraid of death?
In March 1275, after killing the leading general Han Zhen in front of the palace, the chancellor Chen Yizhong fled to Jiangnan without permission, and the successor chancellor Wen Tianxiang was detained while going to the Yuan army camp to negotiate. Empress Xie, who had no master of the six gods, and the 6-year-old young emperor Zhao Xian (i.e., the Song Gong Emperor Zhao (xiǎn)), had no choice but to surrender to the Yuan army to save their lives, and the Song Dynasty, which had been in power for nearly 320 years, was declared dead. Subsequently, Zhao Xian, the emperor of the late Southern Song Dynasty, was sent to the north by the Yuan soldiers and began a half-century-long prisoner life.
Emperor Gong of Song was the second son of Emperor Duzong of Song, born in 1271, to empress dowager. In August 1274, Emperor Zhao of Song died of illness at the age of 35, leaving behind three young sons. The eldest son Zhao Fu was 7 years old (Song Duanzong), the second son Zhao Xian was 4 years old (Emperor Gong of Song), and the third son Zhao Fu was 3 years old (Song Huaizong). It is reasonable to say that the elder Zhao Yan should be allowed to inherit the throne, but Zhao Yan was a concubine, and Zhao Xian, who was born to Empress Quan, was a concubine, and at the insistence of the chancellor Jia Xiangdao and the empress dowager Xie Daoqing, Zhao Xian, who was 4 years old, was made emperor, which was Emperor Gong of Song. 4-year-old children can not govern the country, by the empress dowager Xie Daoqing linchao to listen to the government, but Empress Xie, a woman and Taoist family, do not know anything about national affairs, had to rely on the three dynasties of the old minister Jia Xiangdao to preside over the overall situation, this is the basic political framework of the last years of the Southern Song Dynasty.
After the fall of the Southern Song Dynasty, Emperor Gong of Song was taken by Yuan Bing to Dadu (present-day Beijing) and imprisoned, and was made the Duke of Yingguo. Although there is no personal freedom, it is still good in terms of living conditions. After Zhao Xian became an adult, the rulers of the Yuan Dynasty married a royal princess to him as a wife and gave birth to a son, Zhao Wanpu (from an early age, he followed Zhao Xian's family and was moved to live in Shazhou during the Yuan Shun Emperor's reign, and his life deeds can no longer be verified). Since there were still Han Chinese in the south who rebelled against the Yuan under the banner of Zhao Xian, in order to eliminate the troubles, the rulers of the Yuan Dynasty secretly sent Zhao Xian's family to a remote lama temple in Tibet to live and live. Zhao Xian had no room to resist this decision, but after he arrived in the northwest, his pregnant wife was taken by the then King of Zhou's Son, Bao Jin Heshi (i.e., Emperor Mingzong of Yuan), and gave birth to a son, Bao'er Only Jin TuJue Mu'er (i.e., Emperor Yuanshun), who later became the emperor of the Yuan Dynasty.
After Zhao Xian arrived in Tibet, he became a monk at the Lama Temple, with the dharma title hezun dharma treasure, and called himself the monk of the Great Han Dynasty. This Zhao Xian may really have a wisdom root and a relationship with the Dharma, and after years of intensive practice, he actually became a famous "living Buddha" in Tibet and served as the abbot of the Sakya Monastery. He translated the Buddhist classics "The Theory of the Hundred Laws and Bright Doors" and "The Theory of Entering the Right Path of Enlightenment", which made great contributions to the spread of Buddhist thought in China, and Tibetan historians included him in the list of living Buddha monks in previous generations.
In May 1323, Zhao Xian, a monk of the Great Han Dynasty, died in the Tibetan Lama Temple at the age of 54. It had been 47 years since his abdication and imprisonment. Regarding Zhao Xian's death, many historians believe that it was because of his mention of "anti-poetry" that he was given death by Yuan Yingzong. According to a sentence recorded in the Chinese "Chronicles of the Buddha": "In April of the third year of the reign, the Duke hezun of the Yingguo died in Hexi, and the monks and monks collected the golden books. "But the specific cause of death is still a mystery."