Jia Xiangdao (1213-1275 AD), zi shixian, yuesheng, qiuyuan, Zhejiang Tiantai Tunqiao Songxi people, late Southern Song Dynasty, Li Li, Du, Gong three dynasties of the power of the three dynasties, one was scolded by the Southern Song Court, scolded by the Mongolian Yuan court, two unpleasant back pot men.
Jia Xiangdao, the son of the Southern Song Dynasty minister Jia Shi, Jia Xi's second year (1238 AD), the examination of the jinshi list, note that he is definitely not a person who does not learn and has no skills, but his habits are also true.
According to the Records in the Southern Song Dynasty's "Table of Imperial Scholars", the title is Zhou Tan, followed by: Jia Xiangdao, Shuiqiu Zhilong, Zhao Yanyu, Luo Dachun, Ni Yuan, Yang Yi, Zhou Bilong, Yang Bai...
Battle of Ezhou
In 1259, Emperor Lizong of Song, who was the right minister of the Yangtze River, led an army to support Ezhou and held Ezhou for four months, which greatly boosted the morale of the Song troops in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River.
Coinciding with the Mongol Great Khan Möngke, in the Diaoyu City Battle received a box lunch, Mongolia did not have such a statement as a crown prince at that time, the throne was to be fought for, Kublai Khan's approach at this time, very interesting, he actually ordered to continue to fight Ezhou, once said: I was ordered to come south, how can I not repay without merit?
Kublai Khan miscalculated, this big war, a dozen days, not only let Kublai Khan's majesty sweep the ground, but also almost lost the position of the founding emperor of the Yuan Dynasty.
Among modern historians, the most controversial is the Battle of Ezhou, because according to the history of the Song dynasty and the revision of the history of the Song Dynasty, Jia Xiangdao is a complete thing, but according to other sources, some historical accounts may be wrong.
Let's take the leap November of that year as the middle line:
Before this time:
Kublai Khan, commanding an army of 100,000, attacked and besieged Ezhou, shocking the entire Southern Song Dynasty, and the Southern Song Court panicked, gathered all kinds of armies and rebels to support, and sent Jia Xiangdao to preside over the Ezhou military.
Trivia:
You officials may not know that Jia Xiangdao is a military talent recommended by the famous Southern Song General Meng Jue, Meng Jue is the "Pillar of the Southern Heavenly Optimus State" of the Southern Song Dynasty, about Meng Jue, you officials can go to see another article by the author, which has a detailed description, here is no more table, how high the vision of the famous general Meng Jue, the person he recommended will not be scum; Jia Xiangdao, who is also the brother-in-law of Emperor Song Lizong, don't say anything, it is a mule is a horse, and it must always be pulled out and slipped.
After arriving in Ezhou, Jia Rudao built a wooden wall outside the city overnight. The Mongol army looked at this fortification, for a time it was also very confused, there was nothing to say, in the next 4 months, about 100 days, the Song and Mongolian offensive and defensive battles, was extremely fierce, Ezhou City died 13,000 people, but the morale was high, the Mongol army of 100,000 people, stunned is not to lay down the city of Ezhou, Mongolian Yuan is more and more nest fire, morale is also low, just sprinkle the fire on the head of Kublai Khan's reused southern soldiers.
After Kublai Khan heard this, he once said: There is only one Jia Xiangdao in the Song army defending the city, you led 100,000 people, and you could not defeat the city for several months.
Kublai Khan was actually more angry, whether this fight was fought or not, whether it was won or not, it didn't matter, the fatal thing was that he had to go back and fight with his brother, Ali, for the position of the Great Khan, and it was definitely not okay to spend time here.
After this time:
The History of song and the History of the Yuan dynasty also record that Jia Xiangdao, who deceived the king and betrayed the country, privately sent emissaries to seek peace with the Mongolian army, on the condition that the river was the boundary, and the age was 200,000 silver taels and 200,000 silk horses.
Kublai Khan immediately withdrew his army and went home to fight with his brother, and the next year, that is, in 1260 AD, Kublai Khan became the Great Khan and sent emissaries to the Great Song Dynasty, Jia Xiangdao did not say anything, directly detained the Mongol envoys, and imprisoned them in Zhenzhou for 16 years.
Dear officials, this is a very strange matter, please see:
In the battle of Ezhou, the inferior one was Kublai Khan, and the most anxious one was also Kublai Khan, looking at Jia Rudao's life, no matter how you blackened him, but in the matter of Meng Yuan, this cargo is the iron head baby, has always been uninvited, firm main war faction elements.
You must know that in the era in which he was at that time, the Mengyuan Iron Horse, how fierce, had hit Eurasia, and was really invincible, Jia Xiangdao, the only one who was tough and tough Kublai Khan and won the battle against him.
Gongtian Charity
Whether it is the History of Song or the History of yuan, this matter is recorded, the quality of this matter, please see:
In the second year of Jingning (1261 AD), the government of the Southern Song Dynasty at that time was "like the decision of the rivers, day by day and day and irreparable".
From the fourth year of Jingning (1263 AD) to the first year of Deyou (1275 AD), a total of 12 years, the Gongtian Law was implemented.
In the late Southern Song Dynasty, wars were very frequent, military expenditure such as drinking water, the Southern Song Dynasty court finances, military expenditure accounted for a staggering proportion, there are historical records: southeast civilian strength, consumed by military spenders eighteen.
During the song dynasty, the collection of military salaries was mainly based on: he was a soldier. What is a is a di?
That is, the government uses cash to force the purchase of grain from the private sector, but the purchase price is often lower than the private market price. For example, in the private sector, the price of rice is about 700-800 yuan, and the government is forced to buy it, and a stone of rice is given 160 yuan, and then given to some other currencies issued by the government at that time.
Because the military salaries of the Southern Song Dynasty could only rely on the peace, the Southern Song Dynasty court issued a large number of paper money before and after, and the consequences we know, that is, inflation, the situation of prices flying all over the sky; local officials, with the help of peace and rice, often exploited and withheld layer by layer, often doubling the number of requirements of the superiors at will, and the people at the bottom were miserable.
In the late Southern Song Dynasty, land annexation was extremely serious, but there was no way to do it, the two Song Zhao royal families were such a strange thing, you are not greedy, you can not let the emperor rest assured, let alone promotion, whether the head can be saved is a problem, in this social background, Jia Xiangdao's party put forward: the public land law.
Koda Law:
Bureaucrats and landlords were given more than the prescribed part of the land, and one-third of it was charged into public land and leased to the peasants for farming, and the imperial court collected the land rent according to the original rent.
Push method (intended method):
In order to find out the hidden land property of the army generals and clarify the loopholes in taxation, the idea is aimed at extravagance and waste and corruption within the army, which is good, but it forced Liu Zhen to reverse it, forcing away several generals whose butts were not clean but could fight.
Jia Xiangdao said that the vision of this move was to solve a series of problems such as military food, prices, land annexation, and increasing government taxes, and even set an example by taking the lead in donating his 10,000 acres of good land in western Zhejiang. In the following 14 years, the Gongtian Law bought more than 3.5 million mu of land for the Southern Song Dynasty.
Dear officials, I think you must have understood that this is not the ancient version of land reform, when Wang Mang was too advanced, the dynasty was gone, and now Jia Xiangdao is doing so, that is, with his own strength, he challenged the entire feudal land private ownership system, and challenged the big bureaucrats and big landlords of the entire Southern Song Dynasty.
The greedy and unscrupulous Southern Song Gentry, nobles, landlords, these exploiting classes, know that they cannot resist the national policy, but the keyboard warrior has never stopped, and it is predictable that Yang Fengyin violates this kind of thing, and Jia Xiangdao also knows that he can't continue to do it, and after resigning several times, Song Lizong does not agree.
Personal style
This has nothing to say, what to say, the famous cricket prime minister, you still let the author say, Jia Rudao's party, are corrupt elements, this is for sure, there is no way not, you don't want to think about the two Song Zhao royal families, what virtues are there?
The famous general Meng Jue, in essence, has already achieved the reconstruction of the Qiankun Mountains and Rivers, the emperor himself wants to be a grandson, unwilling to be a man, self-destructing the Great Wall, what can you do?
Scholars, readers, but not the famous general Meng Jue such a pure martial person, very smart, the two Song Zhao royal family temperament, has long been clear, treat the world's readers is not false, but the fate is their own child, really to the point of life and death, in addition to the late Song Dynasty Sanjie this group of people, how many readers are willing to accompany the Southern Song Dynasty to bury together?
There is one point, which is quite interesting:
Jin Yong's divine eagle heroes all know Ha, which has the story of Yang Guo saving Wang Weizhong's orphans, and forgot to turn over Ha.
There is a little wang general in it, and he also said something, you think it is a fiction, NONONO, there is really a little wang general, but you may not know that the person who protects the little wang general is the traitorous minister Jia Xiangdao written by Jin Yong.
This point is true in the history books, and it is also clearly stated in the history of Song that Jia Rudao raised Wang Weizhong's orphan, and it is not too much to think of it, and it is not too much to say that this point can be said to be a righteous soldier.
Now, no blowing, no black, during the two Song Dynasties, the Zhao royal family's own legacy: suppressing the military generals, led to a series of problems in the later, and in the Southern Song Dynasty, Yue Fei shouted out the slogan: Civilian officials do not love money, and the military generals will not hesitate to die.
This slogan itself has a problem, you are not greedy for money, can the Zhao royal family rest assured?
Jia Xiangdao, the elder of the Three Dynasties, the general in and out, the corruption is true, the dictatorship is true, the fighting crickets are also true, the Xiangyang War, he absolutely did not instigate, and organized more than a dozen military rescues, Ding Jiazhou Great War ran away, the late festival is not guaranteed is also true.
Jia Xiang said, if you want to say that he played dead in the Southern Song Dynasty, it would be wrong, his public field good deeds, the drawbacks are too many, but it can also be regarded as a continuation of the Life for the Southern Song Dynasty for 20 years; even without him, the Southern Song Dynasty Zhao clan's practice of not wanting to live and bent on death, coupled with the late Southern Song Dynasty's accumulated government and inflation, the end is the same.
Jia Xiangdao can be said to be a powerful minister, not a traitor, you can scold him as you want, but you have to admit that he is the idealistic main battle faction, and his biggest problem is: he shoulders the responsibility that he cannot afford!