Wen Tianxiang was the most famous national hero at the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, people know Wen Tianxiang, most people only know that when the Southern Song Dynasty fell, he was captured by the Yuan army, and the soldiers of the Yuan army forced him to surrender, and gave him a high-ranking official Houlu, but Wen Tianxiang swore not to surrender, and finally calmly became righteous; but these are only the bones of Wen Tianxiang's body, and Wen Tianxiang's contribution to the Great Song is really worthy of being remembered in history.
Wen Tianxiang grew up in the era of the Southern Song Dynasty's decadence stage, Wen Tianxiang won the imperial examination at a young age, became an official of the Southern Song Dynasty, it is said that Wen Tianxiang was a beautiful man of the Ming Dynasty at that time, not only tall, but also particularly good-looking; when he first entered the Imperial Examination, it was Song Lizong who was in power at that time, Lizong had been in power for many years at this time, and he was a little powerless in government affairs; but when he saw Wen Tianxiang's article, he felt very excited, and therefore,
Emperor Lizong of Song directly ordered Wen Tianxiang to be listed as the first jinshi, and Wen Tianxiang was also reused by the Emperor of the Great Song Dynasty.
Wen Tianxiang was highly valued by the emperor, but was ostracized by the traitors
But at this time, the Great Song was already crumbling, the Yuan Dynasty cavalry had almost destroyed the Great Jin and Western Xia, and now the heavy troops were mobilized to attack the Great Song, the people and defenders on the border were sworn to fight to the death, and many people only ate a meal for a few days; Wen Tianxiang saw this scene, and then looked at the song and dance sublimation in the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty, and his heart was very unhappy, which also made him determined to save the decadent Great Song.
However, he was too young to grasp the power of the court, and now the power of the dynasty was in the hands of some traitors; Wen Tianxiang could only do his best to promote himself to the upper official as soon as possible; under his efforts, he began to slowly rise from a local official to a servant of the Punishment Department, but because Wen Tianxiang was not accustomed to the traitorous minister Jia Xiangdao, and dong Songchen's behavior, he directly wrote to accuse them, so Wen Tianxiang was demoted to a local official again.
Wen Tianxiang knew that if Jia Xiangdao still controlled the government in this way, then the Great Song Dynasty would have no future, but there was no way, after more than ten years of political career, Jia Xiangdao was like a big mountain that made himself insurmountable; Wen Tianxiang had a feeling that he was not in time.
Wen Tianxiang took advantage of the opportunity of Qin Wang to solve Jia Xiangdao
Later, the Yuan army's offensive became more and more fierce, and the imperial court helplessly ordered the local troops to serve the king, Wen Tianxiang seized the opportunity, he pulled up a force of 10,000 people to lead the army into the capital, under the deterrence of the army, Wen Tianxiang finally solved the threat of Jia Xiangdao, and also began his difficult journey to save the Great Song.
Wen Tianxiang was a reader, but he understood that the Southern Song Dynasty was precisely because the wind of reading was too popular, but the wind of armament was suppressed, which also led to the inability of the Song Dynasty to fight, Wen Tianxiang in order to train himself into a qualified commander, he personally went to the military camp to eat and drink with the soldiers, and took the initiative to learn how to fight from some veteran generals.
Wen Tianxiang's actions made many patriotic generals very moved, Wen Tianxiang became a representative of the Song army, and later the Mongol army hit Changzhou, Wen Tianxiang sent people to block the Mongol army, but the Southern Song Generals did not have strong warhorses, and they were not brave in battle, and they were quickly defeated.
Wen Tianxiang and the Yuan Army were circling
Wen Tianxiang heard one defeat after another, he was not discouraged, but reorganized the soldiers and horses and the Yuan army to fight, and this is also the first time Wen Tianxiang and the Yuan army confronted each other, his soldiers and horses did not have an advantage, the quality of the soldiers did not dominate, in the southeast region fell into a bitter battle, Wen Tianxiang understood that the Yuan army wanted to annihilate themselves with the smallest casualties, and he could not let this happen when he failed, Wen Tianxiang directly led the troops to teach the Yuan army a lesson, and the Yuan army also suffered casualties for the first time; after Wen Tianxiang took advantage, Directly led the troops to withdraw from the Pingjiang area and retreated to the Yuhang generation.
After fighting with the Yuan army, Wen Tianxiang clearly understood that the gap between the enemy and us was extremely great, and that these armies in the Southern Song Dynasty could not fight against the Yuan army at all, and Wen Tianxiang began to form a new army, and his goal was to make it impossible for the Yuan army to defeat itself, if not defeat the Yuan army.
Wen Tianxiang attached great importance to the construction of defense, and the best way to save the Great Song now was to strengthen the defensive force, and at this time, the Great Song, whether it was officials or ordinary people, also realized the seriousness of the problem, the strong strength of the Mongolian Iron Horse was simply not what they could imagine, and the soldiers and civilians of the Southern Song Dynasty also established a nationwide united front for the first time.
Enter the center of power and lead the remnants of the Song army to resist the Yuan army
At this time, Wen Tianxiang also really grasped the power center of the Great Song, but during this period, the Great Song was a mess, Wen Tianxiang could not care so much, he understood that only now resisting the Mongol army was the top priority; the Jiangxi region became the key attack area of the Mongolian army, Wen Tianxiang led troops into Jiangxi to start the cause of resisting the Yuan, but at this time, many key fortified areas in the Jiangxi region had long been defeated by the Yuan army, wen Tianxiang had been fighting hard after entering Jiangxi, and there had never been a time to really repel the Yuan army.
There was even a time when the Yuan army almost captured Wen Tianxiang, fortunately, Wen Tianxiang's subordinates were very loyal to him, and even one of his subordinates claimed to be Wen Tianxiang, and when he became Wen Tianxiang's stand-in, Wen Tianxiang was able to escape; Wen Tianxiang's anti-Yuan cause also paid great sacrifices, his wife, children, and parents were captured by the Yuan army, and the Yuan army even took his relatives to blackmail Wen Tianxiang to surrender, and Wen Tianxiang tearfully refused the Yuan army's request and continued to lead troops to fight in Jiangxi.
Wen Tianxiang's military strategy also gained an advantage at this time, Wen Tianxiang's troops insisted on holding out in various places, which made the Yuan army very nerve-wracking, and the Yuan army troops were generally based on rapid annihilation, but siege was not their strong point; Wen Tianxiang relied on the defensive strategy, so that the Yuan army suffered a lot of losses.
Wen Tianxiang was defeated and finally captured
However, for the decline of the entire Southern Song Dynasty, it is not possible to turn the tide by one person, Wen Tianxiang eventually failed, Jiangxi was occupied by most of the Yuan army, Wen Tianxiang helplessly retreated to the Nanling generation with less than a few thousand remnants, and at this time, some greedy and afraid of death in the army also began to appear, some traitors wanted to surrender, fortunately most of the loyal soldiers in the army.
So-called"
The house leaked in the rain overnight."
Heaven was destined to perish in the Southern Song Dynasty, Wen Tianxiang's army began to appear a large-scale plague, his son and mother died because of the plague, and the army also suffered many casualties, morale was extremely low; seeing this scene, Wen Tianxiang was very lost, he climbed the city tower, looked at the Wanli Mountains, and deeply felt his own powerlessness. At this time, the Southern Song Dynasty court began a political struggle, internal struggle, external crises, Wen Tianxiang was very tired, but he still had to lead the troops to continue fighting.
If we look at Wen Tianxiang's rout route, we will know how difficult it is for him to resist the Yuan in the north of Jiangxi, he was defeated and retreated to the southernmost part of Jiangxi, and later retreated to the north of Guangdong, and then helplessly retreated to the Chaozhou generation in Guangdong, Wen Tianxiang's army was the main force of the anti-Yuan, from tens of thousands of people to thousands of people left; but in the Chaoyang area of Chaozhou, Wen Tianxiang still failed.
At this time, Wen Tianxiang and his subordinates were eating, eating steamed buns that had been put on for a few days, and all the generals were gray-headed; while eating, the Yuan army had already surrounded them, Wen Tianxiang hurriedly led his troops to fight back, and in the case of being unable to resist the enemy, he fled in a hurry, but the Yuan army had already surrounded this area, and the last main force of the Great Song was annihilated, and the last national hero of the Great Song was also captured by the Yuan army. Wen Tianxiang looked at the Yuan army that spread over the mountains, infinite grief and indignation, and swallowed the "dragon brain" to plan martyrdom, but after the Yuan army saw it, it directly induced him to vomit, and Wen Tianxiang had no choice but to fall into the enemy camp.
Wen Tianxiang refused Kublai Khan's surrender and was heroically martyred
The Court of the Southern Song Dynasty knew that after the defeat of Wen Tianxiang's army, the Emperor fled south in a hurry, but the Southern Song Dynasty at that time had long lost its advantage, and where could it escape to the south? Lu Xiufu took the little emperor helplessly to jump into the sea and committed suicide, and the Great Song was completely destroyed; the General of the Yuan Army still had great respect for this opponent, and he asked Wen Tianxiang to be unchained and ordered him to be served with good food and drink.
Wen Tianxiang swore to die and planned to be martyred, so he began a hunger strike; the generals of the Yuan army often sent him some rice porridge to let him continue his life, but every time Wen Tianxiang ate, he vomited, so that Wen Tianxiang still did not die; The Great Yuan Emperor Kublai Khan had great respect for Wen Tianxiang and admired Wen Tianxiang's talent, and Kublai Khan planned to surrender him.
Kublai Khan even went to see Wen Tianxiang personally, hoping that he would understand the current affairs and serve the Yuan army; but how could a man who was determined to martyr the country surrender like this, Wen Tianxiang still had the same attitude. Kublai Khan told him, "
Your Majesty has already committed suicide by jumping into the sea, the Great Song dynasty has perished, and this is already the case, so why should you die. ”
Wen Tianxiang knew that now that the Great Song had perished, all kinds of pain and sorrow surged into his heart, he fell to his knees to worship the deceased Song Emperor, Kublai Khan thought that if he added a fire, Wen Tianxiang would surrender; but unfortunately, Wen Tianxiang made up his mind to go with the Song Emperor at this time, and Kublai Khan listened to his words and left directly with his sleeves.
Wen Tianxiang's last days were spent in prison, and once when he was fighting against the Yuan in Jiangxi, because he was very good to the people, there was an old woman in Jiangxi who came to Yanjing on a special trip, and with the help of a conscientious jailer, she made the last meal for Wen Tianxiang, which was the famous three cups of chicken in Jiangxi, Wen Tianxiang ate this last meal, looking at the jailer in front of him, the jailer also admired Wen Tianxiang's backbone very much, and in his last days, he did his best to serve him.
And on the day of the execution, countless ordinary people came out to pay tribute to Wen Tianxiang, Wen Tianxiang was executed in this way, his body was strictly ordered not to be collected, and later his wife secretly brought back her husband's corpse at night, and the last hero of the Song Dynasty also officially ended.
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Wen Tianxiang has been working hard all his life to save the Great Song, but most of his life has been spent fighting with the traitors, and in the last ten years of time, he was delayed in the journey of resisting the Yuan, and he never had time to solve the various shortcomings of the Great Song, not that he was incompetent, but that he did not have that time and opportunity, which was a tragic tragedy that a hero was born at the wrong time.
However, even if you die, you are not willing to be ashamed of the Great Song, this is the wind bone of a famous scholar, "Who has not died since ancient times, leave Dan heart to take care of Khan Qing" This ancient famous sentence is also Wen Tianxiang's last cry to the motherland, and it is also the tragic patriotic feelings of the scholars in the Southern Song Dynasty.