Kong Yue Cheng Ren, Meng Yue takes righteousness; but its righteousness is exhausted, so Ren Zhi.
Read the books of the sages and learn what you have learned! And now and then, shu is almost worthy!
This is the last word of the Southern Song Dynasty's resistance to the Yuan Dynasty. According to legend, after Wen Tianxiang wrote this poem, he tied it to his waist with a rope, calmly walked out of the prison, asked the direction of the north and south, and bowed his head to the south to show goodbye and calmly and righteously, at the age of 47.
Wen Tianxiang, the last minister of the Southern Song Dynasty, was a native of Luling, Jizhou. In the eight years from his appointment as chancellor in 1275 to his inauguration in 1283, Wen Tianxiang spent five long years in prison. During this period, outside the prison, the Southern Song Dynasty was in turmoil, and inside the prison, the Yuan Dynasty repeatedly seduced and seduced each other, while Wen Tianxiang remained unmoving, single-mindedly taking righteousness, and his magnificent righteousness was once in the "Song of Righteous Qi". I will not make much of a statement about the situation outside the prison, but let's talk about some of Wen Tianxiang's deeds in prison.
In December 1278, Wen Tianxiang was unfortunately arrested in Haifeng, Guangdong. At that time, the Southern Song Dynasty general Zhang Shijie was in the cliff mountain of Jiangmen, Guangdong, making a final struggle with the Yuan army. The Yuan army could not attack for a long time, so they escorted Wen Tianxiang to Yashan and tried to get Wen Tianxiang to summon Zhang Shijie. He was sternly rejected by Wen Tianxiang. Wrote the famous "Over Zero Ding Yang"
After a hard time, the stars fell around, the mountains and rivers were broken and the wind was fluttering, and the life was floating and rainy.
The panic beachhead said trepidation, zero Ding Yang sighed zero Ding. All men are mortal? Leave Dan in his heart.
After reading this poem, we actually understand that at this time, Wen Tianxiang has a dead will. However, the rulers of the Yuan Dynasty were not dead hearted, and the general Zhang Hongfan was sent to Dadu by the will of Kublai Khan, the ancestor of the Yuan Dynasty. Because Kublai Khan had great respect for Wen Tianxiang's talent and integrity, he hoped to recruit him. So on the eighth day of December in the ninth year of the 9th year of the New Era, Kublai Khan summoned him in the palace.
Wen Tianxiang saw that Kublai Khan was only exercising the courtesy of his subjects, indicating that he was still a member of the Southern Song Dynasty, and the palace guards could not do it if they wanted to forcibly kneel according to him, and generously declared: "The Song Dynasty is the king of the Song Dynasty, the people who cannot be hanged; unfortunately, the mother Lao Tzu is weak, the power of the subjects is wrong, and the use of houses is inappropriate, and the Northern Dynasty uses his rebel generals and rebels to enter its capital and destroy its clan community." When Tianxiang Xiang Song was recreated, Song died, and Tianxiang died quickly, not for a long time. ”
Kublai Khan saw that he was so iron-boned, and he loved him even more, and promised to arrange for him to be the prime minister or privy councillor as long as Wen Tianxiang entered the Yuan, which was a heavy minister of culture and martial arts. Kewen Tianxiang even tearfully said: "Tianxiang is the prime minister of Song Zhuangyuan, Song died, but can die, can not be born, may death be enough." There is nothing to do but die. ”
Kublai Khan's governor Mai Shuding was very afraid of Wen Tianxiang's surrender, so his position was not secure, so he secretly tried his best to promote the killing of Wen Tianxiang. On January 9, 1283, the scene at the beginning of this article appeared, and Wen Tianxiang, the last "minister of support" of the Great Song Dynasty, was righteous in Dadu.
Legend has it that when Wen Tianxiang was executed, his face was as usual and his behavior was natural. After saying goodbye to the south, he said to the executioner in a very flat tone: "My affairs have been handled, you can do it." Anyone who saw or heard of this scene burst into tears.
The meaning of his poem: "Confucius said that killing oneself becomes benevolent, and Mencius said that those who sacrifice their lives for righteousness and become subjects can only be regarded as having benevolence if they have fulfilled the responsibilities and obligations of human subjects." When we read the books of the ancient sages, isn't what we learn about becoming benevolent and righteous? I will repay the Great Song with a death, and from now on, I will hardly feel guilty! ”
After reading the biography of "Wen Tianxiang" in modern times, some celebrities gave him the following evaluation: Representing the spirit and personality of the entire Chinese nation, and being an unshaven glory for eternity.