107 years ago, the Northern Song Dynasty clan was brought to Liaodong to hold a sheep ceremony, and the Northern Song Dynasty perished. 107 years later, the Song army conquered Caizhou and destroyed the Jin State, and Meng Hui took the "half" of Jin Aizong back to Lin'an and dedicated it to Taimiao, which seemed to wash away the shame of Jingkang in the Southern Song Dynasty.
Speaking of the Battle of Caizhou, when it comes to the famous general Meng Hui, people are always boiling with blood, deliberately highlighting the strength of the Southern Song Dynasty, so that the Jin Kingdom also tasted the taste of the country. As everyone knows, in the real battle of Caizhou, even if the Jin State perished, it looked down on the weakness of the Southern Song Dynasty, and the Southern Song Dynasty's participation in the Battle of Caizhou was itself a "shame" for the Southern Song Dynasty.
Zhang Tiangang, the minister of the Jin State, was captured and captured in Lin'an. In order to save face, the Southern Song Dynasty deliberately humiliated him: "You are a Han Chinese, why do you work for Hulu, and now you are captured by us, what else do you have to say." ”
The Southern Song Dynasty appeared as a victor, but Zhang Tiangang did not give face, and said bluntly: "The rise and fall of dynasties have been in successive dynasties." How is our emperor compared to the second emperor of Huiqin? As soon as these words came out, the Southern Song Dynasty officials were speechless and did not dare to continue to interrogate Zhang Tiangang, so as not to be embarrassed.
Zhang Tiangang, Jin Guo's version of Wen Tianxiang, commendable temperament. Zhang Tiangang looked down on the Southern Song Dynasty at all, and even if the Jin State had fallen at this time, it did not prevent him from despising the Song Dynasty. The reason is that the Southern Song Dynasty was too weak, and the Battle of Caizhou was obvious.
The battle of Caizhou did not wash away the shame of Jingkang, but another shame of the Southern Song Dynasty. During the whole process of the Battle of Caizhou, Mongolia did not take the Southern Song Dynasty seriously, but the Southern Song Dynasty blindly curryed favor with Mongolia, which is really sad.
In 1211, Genghis Khan marched south and defeated the main force of the Jin State at Yehuling. In 1214, Jin Xuanzong moved south and set the capital at Kaifeng. At this time, the relationship between the Southern Song Dynasty and the Jin State changed, and the Southern Song Dynasty faced a strategic choice.
Mongolia attacked the Kingdom of Jin, what did the Southern Song Dynasty do? Whether to unite with Mongolia to destroy Jin, or to support the Jin State to resist Mongolia and establish a strategic buffer zone, there was endless debate within the imperial court.
Uniting the Jin Kingdom means becoming an enemy with Mongolia, which is the next target. Joining forces with Mongolia to destroy Jin was cold, and the Northern Song Dynasty had a "maritime alliance" with the Jin State, and as a result, Jingkang changed.
The Southern Song Dynasty was neutral, and no one helped, but it still didn't work. Many of the leaders of the "Red Jacket Army" in the north chose to submit to the Southern Song Dynasty and fight against Mongolia and the Jin Kingdom, such as Peng Yibin and others. The northern rebel army was surrounded and suppressed by Mongolia and the Jin State, and the Southern Song Gang or did not help? The Southern Song Dynasty was neutral, and the Han people in the north were discouraged, which did not benefit the imperial court.
In 1217, before the Southern Song Dynasty could figure out what to do, Emperor Xuanzong of Jin carried out the "North Lost South Supplement" operation, sending more than 100,000 troops to attack the Southern Song Dynasty in an attempt to make up for the losses in the war against Mongolia.
The Jin State "lost the north and made up for the south", which ended in failure, and the Southern Song Dynasty was annoyed that the Jin State went south and also tried to unite with Mongolia. In 1221, the Southern Song sent an envoy Zhao Xie north to negotiate with the Mongolia king Mu Huali. However, the Southern Song Dynasty still hesitated and failed to make up his mind, because Jin Aizong, who succeeded Jin Xuanzong, chose to ease up with the Southern Song Dynasty.
In 1224, Jin Aizong succeeded to the throne, and the Southern Song Dynasty eased relations and took the initiative to give up the New Year's coin. The Southern Song Dynasty also had a lot of internal problems, seeing that the Jin State made concessions, and worried that Mongolia was too powerful. In this way, the Southern Song Dynasty chose to temporarily neutralize and did not fight the Jin State with Mongolia.
The Southern Song Dynasty had its own interests to consider, and so did Mongolia. Genghis Khan and Mu Huali fought against the Jin State and realized a truth, in front of the "Guanhe Defense Line" of the Jin State, it was difficult to achieve a frontal attack, and it was necessary to borrow the road from the Southern Song Dynasty, take the route of Hanzhong, Tangzhou, and Dengzhou, and attack Kaifeng in a roundabout way.
In 1226, while Genghis Khan carried out the "Battle of Exterminating Xia", he sent Mongolia cavalry into Hanzhong, Chengzhou, and Jiezhou, and explored the "borrowed road line" while plundering. In this move, Mongolia openly defied the dignity of the Southern Song Dynasty and plundered and slaughtered the territory of the Southern Song Dynasty, and the Southern Song Dynasty had no way but to hold on to the city.
"Borrowing the road to attack gold", Mongolia did not consult with the Southern Song Dynasty, but made its own opinions, made its own decisions, and did not take the Southern Song Dynasty in the slightest. Genghis Khan is like this, and his successor Ogedai is the same, especially Tuolei, who regarded the Southern Song Dynasty as a "small country" and took it at will.
In 1229, Wokotai succeeded to the throne and divided his troops into three routes to the south. Among them, Tuo Lei is the commander of the West Route Army, with a force of 50,000 troops, while Tuo Lei attacked the Fengxiang Mansion of the Jin Kingdom, he also broke through the Xianren Pass and Dasan Pass of the Southern Song Dynasty, and even plundered northern Sichuan, robbed a large number of people, and created a vast no-man's land.
Mongolia brazenly trampled on the dignity of the Southern Song Dynasty, and the Southern Song Dynasty had no choice, who let themselves not win. So, did the Southern Song Union unite with Mongolia? Or did you agree to borrow the road? The answer is no, the Southern Song Dynasty court did not express its position, but Tuo Lei used force to pressure the Hanzhong defenders to borrow the road and provide food supplies.
In 1232, Tuo Lei came all the way from Hanzhong, Tangzhou, and Dengzhou, and went straight to Kaifeng, preparing to join the main force of Wokotai. Jin Aizong was panicked, so he had to order Wanyan Heda, Wanyan Chen Monk, Yang Woyan, Zhang Hui and other famous generals to withdraw their troops from Tongguan and form the Qinwang Army to stop the towing of mines.
In the battle of Sanfeng Mountain, with the help of heavy snow, the 130,000 troops of Yan Heda were completely annihilated by the mines, and the main force of the Jin State was lost. Seeing that the general trend had gone, Jin Aizong abandoned the capital Kaifeng, fled to Guide, and immediately ran to Caizhou, dying.
Mongolia "borrowed the road to attack Jin", the effect is very good, the Jin country has no "Guanhe defense line", just a Caizhou, sooner or later will fall. At this time, the Southern Song Dynasty decided to send troops and sent Jiang Hai and Meng Xi to lead 20,000 people to assist Mongolia and attack Caizhou together.
The battle of Caizhou, whether the Southern Song Dynasty came or not, did not affect the breaking of the city in Mongolia. The Tachar Legion and the Zhang Rou Legion are both divisions of a hundred battles, and it is not a big problem to deal with the isolated city of Caizhou, which is only a few thousand remnants of the defeated army.
However, the Great Khan of Wokuotai did not want to waste his troops and hoped that the Southern Song would provide food, so he invited the Southern Song to participate in the battle and alleviate the losses of Mongolia.
The Southern Song Dynasty knew very well the idea of the Great Khan of Ogedei, but had to agree. Therefore, while Jiang Hai and Meng Xie led 20,000 people to participate in the war, they also sent 300,000 loads of grain to Mongolia to ensure that the Mongolia army was fully supplied.
There was no suspense in the outcome of the battle of Caizhou, and Mongolia and the Southern Song Dynasty were victorious, after all, the Jin Kingdom had only one breath left, and there was no power to fight back. In 1234, Caizhou fell, Jin Aizong hanged himself, the last emperor Wanyan Chenglin was killed, 500 civil and military officials committed suicide by throwing themselves into the river, and no one surrendered.
The Southern Song Dynasty won, but it was not glorious at all, the main force of the Jin Kingdom was the destruction of Mongolia, from beginning to end, even in the battle of Caizhou, Mongolia was the absolute main force. Although the Southern Song Dynasty participated in the war, it was very humiliating, and Mongolia forcibly borrowed roads and plundered the land of the Southern Song Dynasty, and the Southern Song Dynasty had to cooperate with them in fighting.
In this way, even if the Jin State perished, Zhang Tiangang looked down on the Southern Song Dynasty, because the Southern Song Dynasty did not rely on its own ability or strength to win the victory.
It can be said that in the battle of Caizhou, Mongolia was the winner, and the Jin Kingdom and the Southern Song Dynasty were the losers. The Kingdom of Jin fell, and the Southern Song Dynasty lost its dignity, even if it cooperated with the Mongolia siege, it did not get benefits, and the land was all Mongolia's.
In addition, the Southern Song Dynasty gave Mongolia 300,000 loads of grain, which had a greater impact, slapping the swollen face and filling the fat man, and dying to face and live to suffer. Three months later, the Southern Song Dynasty and Mongolia tore their faces and leveled the Northern Expedition, and the Southern Song Dynasty was planted on the grain cut.
In the Northern Expedition of Duanping, the Song army was 60,000, and only the Jianghuai theater went into battle, and the two theaters of Sichuan, Shu and Xiangfan did not send troops or provide food.
Without food, how can the Northern Expedition be? Zhao Kui had no choice but to divide the troops, the forward 15,000 people, can only be rationed for 5 days, and the other troops have to stay in Kaifeng and wait for food.
Dare to hit Luoyang with food in 5 days? Zhao Kui was very helpless, and Xu Minzi was also unlucky. The Song army had no food, and Luoyang was an empty city that could not provide supplies. In this way, Liu Heng'an counterattacked, and the Song army was defeated and beaten against the Mongolia division.
What does 300,000 quintals of grain mean? Each load of grain is 120 catties, and the average of 60,000 troops is 600 catties per person. A soldier eats 3 catties a day, which can support 200 days.
200 days of food, as long as the Song army does not pull the hips, it is not a big problem to hold Kaifeng and Luoyang. With food in the city, Zhao Kui was able to calmly deploy defense, and the imperial court also had enough time to raise supplies.
The two major theaters of Sichuan, Shu and Jinghu saw that Zhao Kui was holding the city, and they were forced by domestic pressure, they would slowly change their attitudes, and finally send troops to cooperate with the battle. In this way, the Southern Song Dynasty could push the defensive line towards the Yellow River and win strategic depth.
It's a pity that the Southern Song Dynasty was too weak. The Southern Song Dynasty did not dare to protest and sent grain to Mongolia. Therefore, the battle of Caizhou shows that it was Mongolia and the Southern Song Dynasty that jointly destroyed Jin, but in fact, Mongolia destroyed Jin and humiliated the Southern Song Dynasty.
From the beginning to the end, Mongolia did not give the Southern Song an equal status, and did not regard the Southern Song Dynasty as an ally but a servant. The reason is that Mongolia is strong, and the Southern Song Dynasty is too weak to have a voice.
The Jin army conquered Kaifeng, it was a real skill, relying on itself. The Southern Song Dynasty conquered Caizhou passively assisting Mongolia. Therefore, Zhang Tiangang said, "How is the death of my Jin compared to the Second Emperor of Ru?" The Southern Song Dynasty monarchs and ministers were speechless.