Zhenzhou East Garden is a historical garden in Yizheng during the Northern Song Dynasty. Yizheng's earliest surviving Fang Zhiming Longqing 'Yizhen County Chronicle' records: "In the fourth year of the Emperor's reign (1052), shi Changyan and Xu Yuan, and the judge Ma Zunji, the envoys were sent to the garrison of Texas to abandon more than 100 acres as a garden. "The Biography of Shi Changyan of song" and Qing Daoguang's "Re-repairing the Chronicle of Yizheng County and the Chronicle of Officials (Rank Official Table)" both state that Shi Changyan served as an envoy to Jiang and Huai during the Qing calendar, so the East Garden should be built during the Northern Song Dynasty. Emperor Xu Yuan went to the capital on a business trip and asked Ouyang Xiuxiu to remember the drawings of the East Garden, which was famous all over the world.
The East Park is named after its location in the east of the city. When the garden was built, the garden was outside the East City, and Lu You's "Record of Entering Shu": "The garden is outside the East Gate. Wu Qian's "Dark Xiang" word order: "Yi Zhen went to the East Garden of the City Three Counts." "The Eastern Garden of the Southern Song Dynasty Baoqingjian was wrapped up in the newly built East Wing City. Qing Jiaqing's "Yangzhou Fu Zhi": "Old Zhiyun' is in Caotaidong, yicheng City. It is also the inside of the East Gate of the present day. ”
Ouyang Xiu's "Records of the East Garden of Zhenzhou": "The garden is hundreds of acres wide, and the flowing water runs in front of it, the Qingchi soaks its right, and the high platform rises to its north." According to reports, there are landscapes such as Fuyun Pavilion, Chengxu Pavilion, and Qing Banquet Hall in the park. Mei Yaochen's poem "Yi Yun and Xu Fayun Zhenzhou East Garden Xincheng": "Dredging near the East City, Xiao Sen all things are prosperous." The Quge Pond rises, and the long bridge is outside the willow. The river is rising in the distance, and the rain is sharply breaking the rainbow. The clouds meet the dangerous platform, and the wind is clear when the guangsha is clear. Zhu Mane looked at the self-leaping, and the Cypress species was born. Vanilla can still be recognized, and the mountain seedlings have not been named. South Peak and West Ridge, often a flat wine glass. "It can be seen that the garden not only has the beautiful scenery of Quge Pond Swamp, Long Bridge Willow Color, Dangerous Tai Guangsha, and Cuibai Vanilla, but also can borrow the distant Jiangnan Peak and the West Gaoling Mountain to add color." The scenery is so beautiful, attracting guests from all over the world to play, and many literati and inkers are even more dreamy and singing endlessly. Famous writers, poets, and calligraphers of the Northern Song Dynasty, such as Ouyang Xiu, Wang Anshi, Su Shi, Huang Tingjian, Mei Yaochen, Mi Fu, Cai Xiang, etc., have written poems and splashed ink for them, which can be described as famous in the world. When the Southern Song Dynasty poet Lu You entered Shu, he once stayed in Zhenzhou to visit the East Garden, and examined the attractions in the garden with Ouyang Xiuji, which showed the great fame of Ou Ji and the great cultural influence of the East Garden. Not only in contemporary times, the reputation of East Garden has continued to be passed on to future generations, and the inscriptions of successive generations have continued. Zhao Mengfu of the Yuan Dynasty "Send Miao Xiucai to Professor Zhenzhou": "The grass and trees in the East Garden are victorious because of people, and the North Gujiang Mountains are seen across the shore." In the Ming Dynasty, Xue Xuan's "Yi zhen three songs" and the third "East Garden": "If you want to ask the East Garden to be old for no reason, the bitter groaning is the first wind to the wind." "In the Qing Dynasty, Cao Yin inscribed the Chengxu Pavilion in wu's east garden. And so on, and so on, from generation to generation, in an endless context.
Shi Zai East Park has "three musts". Southern Song Dynasty Geography General Chronicle "Youdi Jisheng": "Ouyang Gongjizhi, Cai Junmo Book." Cai tastes the language of the clouds, and I use the Yan pen as a body, so its words are very flattering. Descendants are remembered as three absolutes because of their names, gardens, and records. "Cai Junmo is Cai Xiang, one of the four masters of Northern Song Calligraphy. "Ci Hai": "In ancient times, words were called names. Zhou Li Chun Gong Wai Shi: "The title of the book of Zhangda is in the four directions. Zheng Xuan's note: "Ancient name, now word." Therefore, the "name" in the three absolutes refers to the inscription of Cai Junmo, which is what the text calls "Cai Junmo Book". The journal also contains the "Three Absolute Monuments". The Southern Song Dynasty geographical work "Fang Yousheng" said: "Ouyang Yongshu Ji, Wang Jiefu poems, Cai Junmo Shu, shi shu three absolute. Wang Jiefu's poem refers to Wang Anshi's "Zhenzhou Dongyuan Zuo". The poem is also recorded in the "Youdi Jisheng", but it is not included in the "Three Absolutes". The late Southern Song Dynasty poet Wu Qian's "Dark Incense" word order: "The garden is the Ou Gongji, the Book of Junmo, and is called the second best in ancient and modern times." "Without mentioning the garden and the poems. Yangzhou and Yizheng local chronicles take the "Jisheng of Youdi", such as the Ming Wanli "Yangzhou Fu Zhi", Longqing "Yizhen County Chronicle", Qing Jiaqing "Yangzhou Fu Zhi", Daoguang "Reconstruction of Yizheng County Chronicle" all take "famous gardens, famous records, and famous books as the three absolute", and have reservations about the "Fang Yu Sheng" theory. Although the historical record of the "three absolutes" is not consistent, it can be imagined that the important historical influence of Zhenzhou East Garden and the strong cultural atmosphere produced by the celebrity effect can be imagined.
Shi Zai East Park has been abandoned and built repeatedly. Qing Jiaqing's "Chronicle of Yangzhou Prefecture": "Jing Kangjian was destroyed by war. At the end of Shaoxing, the county guard Xu Kangzhi was abolished by the Kaixi Rebellion. At the beginning of Jiading, Lin Gongchen, The County Shou Pan Youwen Fu Cheng Xuan Pavilion, Qing Banquet Hall, and Gongle Hall, while The Cloud Pavilion was at the top of the Wing City, looking for ruin. At the beginning of Baoqing, The Quan Cao Shangguan Zhuan added land to the wing city and added new land to The New One, but it was later abolished and no longer existed. Ming Long Qingzhong, Zhixian Shen Jiarui built dongyuan academy. In the Wanli Calendar, Ouyang Zhao wanted to restore the East Garden, got a small teaching site, built a house with three trees, and carved the word 'East Garden' on the wall. The founders of Shen and Ou were also long abandoned. Also, the Yizheng County Continuation Chronicle Yun: "Guo Dynasty Yi Zhongshu Wu Zhaoji imitated the Ouyang Gong "Record", created in the east of the Xuegong, known as the Zhenzhou East Garden. In the Kangxi Dynasty, Wu Wenyuan succeeded him, with the Chengxu Pavilion inside, and the two Huaiyan Zheng Cao YinShu, which are now abolished. Now, Yizheng City has built the Dongyuan Wetland Park in the east of the city and restored the Chengxu Pavilion as a city study.
Ruan Yuan's "Poems of Guangling" said that there are two in Yangzhou East Garden, one is in the east wing of Yizheng Caotai, and the other is the villa of Wu Wenyuan, an old man with brown mountains. In fact, a line was drawn, the former was Song Dongyuan, and later successive reconstructions were basically on the original site. The latter is the East Garden of the Qing Wu Clan, which is newly built in the new land. However, although it is not in the old land, it is the inheritance and continuation of the East Garden culture. Wang Wenlai's "Records of the East Garden": "In the past Song Dynasty, Shi Zhengchen, Xu Zichun, and Ma Zhongtu were also eunuchs in Zhenzhou, making the East Garden, and asking Uncle Ouyang Yong to be Wen Jizhi." Wu's family Zhenzhou, there is Mu then, suitable for the east of the city to get a gap, because of the opening of the pond stacked mountains, The trees planted by The Hui hui, created as a garden, roughly imitating the Yongshu Record, named 'Zhenzhou East Garden'. The four tourists came here, asking for Uncle Yong's East Garden, which was unobtainable, and wu's Garden, suddenly like seeing Uncle Yong's East Garden. ”
Culture is the soul of a place, and cultural heritage is the root of a local culture. As the years passed, the bucket changed stars, and the East Garden was always a complex that Yizheng people could not resolve, and the longer it lasted, the stronger it became. Even if the dynasties change and the times change, they cannot block the inheritance and inheritance of the East Garden culture from generation to generation. This is a special cultural phenomenon that deserves deep consideration and exploration.
Yizheng, born of water, prosperous because of water, long flow of clear water, moist and all things prosperous. Water is the source of civilization and culture, and water has brought vitality and vitality to the city. Throughout history, the cultural characteristics of Yizheng are "water culture", or the Grand Canal culture and Cao culture. From the Eastern Jin Dynasty Yong and Zhonghangou to the Ouyang Dai River water into the transport, "from then on from the Jiangda Huai all from this river" . Since then, the Yangtze River and the Grand Canal (Hangou) meet here, Yizheng has become the entrance gate of the Grand Canal, the hub of water transportation, and the Yizheng Canal, as a river upright, is nearly four hundred years earlier than the Guazhou Canal. The Song, Qi, Liang, and Chen expeditions of the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the Southern Dynasty all used Ouyang Dai to transport troops and supplies. During the Tang Dynasty, Liu Yan reformed the salt law, set up the Thirteenth Inspection Courtyard from Huaibei, and built a Baisha Patrol Courtyard in the present-day Yizheng Territory, not only Huainan salt was distributed here, but the tax valleys paid by the Jiangnan provinces were also transferred here after being transported through the Yangtze River, and Yizheng became an important port and distribution center for huai salt and grain transit.
The Northern Song Dynasty was an important period in the development of Yizheng history. History of the Song Dynasty Geography IV: "Zhenzhou, Wang, Military." Ben Upper State. In the third year of Qiande (965), he was promoted to the Jian'an Army. In the second year of the Dao Dynasty (996), it belonged to the Liuhe of Yangzhou. In the sixth year of the great zhongxiangfu (1013), it was a true state. Ouyang Xiu's "Records of the East Garden of Zhenzhou": "True is the state, when the southeast water will meet, so it is the seat of jianghuai, two Zhejiang, and Jinghu." Youyun: "True, the world is also the impulse." "Song History Food Goods Shang III" "Jiangnan, Huainan, Liangzhe, Jinghu Road leasing, Yu Zhen, Yang, Chu, Sizhou warehouse acceptance, dispatch boats to follow the flow of The Bian, in order to reach the Beijing Division, set up the shipping envoy to lead it." Lou Yue's "Records of Zhenzhou Repairing the City": "The state and the real jianghuai are the key, will build a big cao, the river and lake rice run and lose the beijing division, the age is tens of millions, Weiyang, Chu, si are called prosperous, and zhen is the leader." In the era of "boats for cars" to achieve population mobility and cultural exchanges, with the geographical advantages of "Southeast Water Association", "The Pulse of the World" and "Confluence of Rivers", the role of Zhenzhou water transport hub is particularly important, replacing the position of Yangzhou in the Sui and Tang Dynasties in Caoyun. In this context, the East Garden, which was built under the auspices of the Shipping Department, is bound to have an indissoluble relationship with the Cao culture and the Culture of the Grand Canal, becoming a bright business card highlighting the economic and social status of Zhenzhou and vividly embodying the "beauty of water rhyme" of ancient Yizheng.
East Park was built from abandoned campsites, during which it underwent a difficult process of transforming the wasteland into a pleasant beauty. Ouyang Xiu's "Records of the East Garden of Zhenzhou": "The calendar of the lotus of the lotus, the fragrance of the white zhi of youlan, and the yin of the Fujia flower and the beautiful wood, the smoke of the previous day is white and the thorns are also; the giant of the sun, the water and the sun are shaken up and down, its wide and deep, can answer the distant sound and produce the breeze, the decadence of the previous day is broken and the ruins are also; the Jia season festival, the female song and orchestra of the state people, the obscure wind and rain of the previous day, the sound of the shrew birds and beasts. So I believed strongly. The original meaning of "Letter and Strength" is to affirm the hard work of the builders of the East Garden, but it is not difficult to understand the nature and spirit of the water that is contained in it.
The main function and function of the East Garden is leisure and recreation, as a government-run garden and an official reception place. Yang Wanli's "Record of the Magnificent Pavilion of Zhenzhou Reconstruction": "There are two victories in the Yizhen Tour Temple, the East Garden of the Shipping Division, and the Spectacular Pavilion of the North Mountain. "Records of the East Garden of Zhenzhou": "It is enough to be the material of the three kings, and to cooperate with their duties, to know what to do first, so that the upper and lower levels are enough, and the people of the six roads in the southeast have no voice of hard work and sorrow, and then rest their leisure, and enjoy it with the sages and masters of the four directions." Xu Yuan was also quoted as saying: "I enjoy the guests of the four sides with whom I enjoy it, will I be the only one who is the three of us?" Su Shi once lived in the East Garden to recuperate, and when Mi Fu, who was a subordinate officer of the Jianghuai Shipping Department, rushed to send a wheat door winter drink to adjust the stomach and intestines, Su Shi was deeply moved by it, and wrote the poem "Sleeping and Smelling Rice Yuanzhang sending Mai Men Dong Drink", leaving a touching story and literary story. The Qing Wu East Garden is a private garden garden, which also plays the same function and role as the Song East Garden. Wang Brunei's "Memoirs of the East Garden": "Isn't it possible to arrive today when the weather is sunny and rainy, hiking can be entered, sitting on the smoke moon is infinite, and receiving the breeze is not endless!" Huainan Supervisor Tongzhi Xie Yuanhuai once drank with Huaibei Supervisor Tong zhi Tong Lian gathered in the East Garden, the two were not only salt officials, but also scholars, Xie Yuanhuai specialized in poetry and music scores, and Tong Lian specialized in calligraphy and painting. It can be seen that the East Garden of the Qing Wu Clan is also a place for officials to welcome and send off, literati and bachelors to gather and citizens to play. "The benevolent Leshan, the wise enjoy the water," in the face of the victory of the landscape and the garden, officials, scholars, scholars and even the people of Li are inevitably moved, and they can also understand and appreciate the cultural attitude of the Grand Canal culture of openness and inclusiveness, beauty and commonality.
The East Garden Complex is an unceasing cultural inheritance, showing the cultural consciousness and cultural self-confidence of yizheng people (including local officials). The masses of the people are an important carrier of culture, and Zhenzhou East Garden is not only in existence in the records of each county, but also in the generations of the people for thousands of years. The local area still has the place name of "Wendun", And Qing Daoguang's "Reconstruction of Yizheng County Chronicle": "Monk Shixue Records, 'Wendun, Ancient Fuyun Pavilion Land.'" "Now there's East Park Road again. People's cultural consciousness and cultural self-confidence are due to their understanding of history, the pursuit of culture and their love for their hometown. At the same time, it should be affirmed that many local officials have also played an important role in inheriting the culture of Dongyuan. In ancient times, local officials of prefectures and counties generally entered the career path through the imperial examination, that is, reading books to make a career. Although they are not locals, they often pay attention to understanding the history and culture of the area where they serve, respect the cultural feelings and aspirations of the local gentry, and many officials can take it as their duty to promote local culture. There are more special, such as the Ming Wanli Yi Zhenzhi County Ouyang Zhao is the grandson of Ouyang Xiu, in addition to cultural self-awareness, more of a family feeling and responsibility.
Yizheng is an important canal city in history, and the Grand Canal culture and Cao culture once created brilliance here, and can even be said to have created magic. The double lock engineering system is the key technology of the Grand Canal project, the Tenth Century Song Dynasty in the Zhen (Zhou) Chu (Zhou) and Jiangnan Canal section to create a comprehensive engineering benefit of the double lock facilities, to the Zhenzhou double lock as the representative of the Chinese Grand Canal re-lock technology leading the world, about the fourteenth century the Dutch people used this technology, and the seventeenth century Italian Milan lock and Song Zhenzhou re-lock facilities are almost exactly the same. In the 10th year of The Xining Dynasty (1077), the Northern Song Dynasty court once made commercial tax statistics, when there were 287 tax collectors in the prefecture-level cities, and Zhenzhou ranked fifth, surpassing the nearby Jiangning (present-day Nanjing), Suzhou and Yangzhou. The height reached by the East Garden culture is also admired by future generations, and the master of the national brand has appeared brilliantly, three of whom are listed as the "Eight Greats of the Tang and Song Dynasties", and the "Four Houses of the Song Dynasty" have all appeared, and the Yizheng people have been proud and proud from generation to generation.
At present, the Grand Canal has successfully applied for heritage, and the construction of the Grand Canal Cultural Belt has been vigorously carried out. Yizheng historical and cultural heritage is very rich in burial, including the Cultural Heritage of the Grand Canal, the Cultural Heritage of Cao and the Cultural Heritage of Salt, etc., which need to be protected and systematically protected and utilized as a whole, and at the same time, it is necessary to rely on continuous and systematic archaeological work to discover more physical remains, sort out the urban context, and interpret the development and rise and fall of the city. The East Park complex is precisely the enthusiastic expectation of people for the city managers to "believe in the strong", and the ardent expectation of realizing the new blueprint of "strong, rich, beautiful and high" to create new glory.
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Source: Yizheng Shizhi
Editing: Speech
Audit: Zhao Guomin