The Southern Song Dynasty, along with the Northern Song Dynasty, was a continuation of the Northern Song Dynasty. However, most people are not familiar with this dynasty, and in the eyes of many people, the Northern Song Dynasty is already humiliated enough. The Southern Song Dynasty was more humiliating than the Northern Song Dynasty, and everyone was most familiar with the Southern Song Dynasty was Zhao Shuo's execution of Yue Fei, and many people felt that Zhao Shuo fainted because of this matter. In addition to this incident, everyone can say that little is known about other aspects of the Southern Song Dynasty. Today, when we look at the general situation of the nine emperors of the Southern Song Dynasty, we can find that Zhao Shuo is not the most faint. The king of the Southern Song Dynasty martyred the country with his body, which can be said to be the most magnificent.
In 1127, the Jingkang Rebellion occurred, and the Jin State abducted the two emperors of Song Huizong and Song Qinzong, as well as countless ministers and harems, and the Northern Song Dynasty officially fell. Shortly after the fall of the Northern Song Dynasty, Zhao Zhao, the ninth son of Emperor Huizong of Song, proclaimed himself emperor at Yingtianfu in Nanjing, and rebuilt the Song Dynasty, which is called the Southern Song Dynasty in the history books. After the Battle of Yamen, the Southern Song Dynasty was no longer able to confront the Yuan Dynasty. In 1279, Lu Xiufu jumped into the sea with the 7-year-old Zhao Yun on his back and martyred the country, and the Southern Song Dynasty officially fell. The Southern Song Dynasty was established in 1127 to fall in 1279, and the state was 152 years old, with a total of 9 emperors. Today we look at the general situation of the nine emperors of the Southern Song Dynasty, the nine emperors have three Taishang Emperors and three small emperors, if you read it, you may change your attitude towards Emperor Gaozong of Song.
The first emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty, Emperor Gaozong of Song. Emperor Gaozong of Song re-established the banner of the Song Dynasty after the fall of the Northern Song Dynasty, and it is still worth affirming that the Song Dynasty was rebuilt. After the establishment of the Southern Song Dynasty, Emperor Gaozong of Song first used the main war faction to resist Jin, and later used the main peace faction to negotiate peace with the Jin state. It was in this situation that Yue Fei was executed. Whether it is the main battle or the main peace, this is the difference in political views. From this aspect alone, it may not be possible to say that Zhao Shuo is a dark jun. However, after the Southern Song Dynasty and the Jin Dynasty signed a peace treaty, Zhao Zhao's series of actions can be said to be indeed The Emperor. At this time, Zhao Zhuo appointed a lot of traitors and tried everything to please Jin Guo, which can be said to be unenterprising. What Emperor Gaozong of Song did not expect was that in 1161, the Jin State broke the treaty and attacked the Southern Song Dynasty again. The southern Song Dynasty's peacemaking thus ended. In 1162, Emperor Gaozong of Song took the initiative to give zen to Emperor Xiaozong of Song and sat on the throne himself. Occasionally intervened in political affairs. In 1187, Emperor Gaozong of Song died at the age of 80, the oldest emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty.
Looking at it this way, Emperor Gaozong of Song was indeed a emperor, but he still did something to benefit the country and the people. For example, the implementation of the economic boundary law promoted the prosperity of the internal commerce of the Southern Song Dynasty and played a certain role in stabilizing the displaced people; attaching importance to maritime trade, the foreign trade of the Southern Song Dynasty can be said to be very prosperous; a large number of paper money was issued, which also promoted the development of commerce. It can be said that during the Song Dynasty, the development of the commodity economy was still very good.
For Emperor Gaozong of Song, he was indeed a emperor in his treatment of relations. However, in domestic affairs, he is not a dimwitted monarch. He rebuilt the Southern Song Dynasty in a chaotic world, and returned to his descendants a politically stable dynasty with economic prosperity, which is still worth affirming.
The second emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty, Emperor Xiaozong of Song, Zhao Xuan. Emperor Xiaozong of Song was the seventh grandson of Zhao Kuangyin and was not a descendant of Zhao Guangyi, Emperor Taizong of Song. From him, the Southern Song Dynasty was officially passed on to the descendants of Song Taizu. Zhao Shuo originally had a son, named Zhao Xu, and Zhao Shuo also made him the crown prince. However, Zhao Xu died when he was two years old. In this way, Zhao Guangyi's descendants were gone, and Zhao Zhuo could only find Zhao Kuangyin's descendants from the people as princes. Later, Zhao Xuan was selected. In 1162, Emperor Gaozong of Song ceded zhao to emperor himself. Emperor Xiaozong of Song reigned for 27 years and died in 1189. Although his reign is not short, it is still relatively embarrassing. As mentioned earlier, Zhao Shuo died in 1187, which means that Song Xiaozong died two years later than Zhao Shuo. When Zhao Zhuo was alive, he still interfered in politics from time to time, and Song Xiaozong could not let go of his hands to do what he wanted to do. It was hard to wait for Zhao Shuo to die, and he himself died not long ago.
During the reign of Emperor Xiaozong of Song, there were two main things. The first thing was to actively carry out the Northern Expedition in the early stage and want to recover the Central Plains. As a result, there were no generals available in the DPRK and China, and they failed all the time. The second thing is to turn to internal politics. Emperor Xiaozong of Song reformed the official system of the Southern Song Dynasty, and after the Southern Song Dynasty, there was no situation in which the powerful ministers monopolized power. Economically, Song Xiaozong attached importance to agricultural production, reduced taxes, and built water conservancy; culturally tolerant and accepted all kinds of Confucian doctrines. It can be said that what Ming Jun did song Xiaozong did once. He was also a rare Ming Jun in the Southern Song Dynasty.
Although Song Xiaozong did not make much achievements in foreign wars, he did a good job in internal affairs, which is generally worthy of recognition. Moreover, he was still very filial to Zhao Zhao. After Zhao Shuo's death, he was very sad, so Zen gave way to his son. However, Zen Rang died not long after. He was the second Emperor Taishang of the Southern Song Dynasty. It can be seen that the Southern Song Dynasty is still relatively rich in the Taishang Emperor.
The third emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty, Emperor Guangzong of Song, Zhao Huan. In 1189, Emperor Xiaozong of Song ceded it to Zhao Huan. Song Guangzong was not a Ming Jun, but could only be said to be a mediocre king. At the beginning of his reign, he also thought about reforming the status quo of the Southern Song Dynasty, so he also forged ahead and actively reformed. However, he has a big shortcoming that he is afraid of his wife, and his personality is a bit cowardly. Not long after his reign, he abandoned the government because he disagreed with the empress. Finally, in 1495 Zen was the second son, Zhao Kuo, who became Emperor Taishang. This time zen concession was forced to some extent. Because he was seriously ill at the time, the ministers and the empress supported Zhao Kuo's ascension to the throne, and he inexplicably abdicated. There were really not too many emperors who were pit by their wives, and Song Guangzong also became the third emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty. In this way, Song Guangzong only served as emperor for five years, and then he retired honorably. During these five years, he did not do anything major.
Miraculously, however, song Guangzong's illness gradually improved not long after Zen, and he did not die until 1200. I don't know what Song Guangzong was thinking when he was emperor, whether he felt that he had lost a lot.
The fourth emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty, Emperor Ningzong of Song, Zhao Kuo. For Song Ningzong, this person can only be said to be a good person, but he is definitely not a qualified emperor. Song Ningzong ascended the throne with the support of the chancellor and Empress Guangzong of Song, so after he took the throne, the chancellor held great power, and the power in his hands was not too great. Fortunately, Song Xiaozong reformed the official system, so that Song Ningzong did not become a puppet. After Emperor Ningzong of Song ascended the throne, he also wanted to change the situation in the remote corner of the Southern Song Dynasty, so he made a main battle and actively prepared for the Northern Expedition, but he failed. After the defeat, he renegotiated peace with Jin Guo. After the defeat of the Southern Song Dynasty, in addition to increasing the number of coins given to the Jin Dynasty, the title was changed from the previous nephew to the nephew, and the status was lower. In internal affairs, Song Ningzong actively listened to the opinions of his courtiers, but the decisions he made were very problematic. For example, he banned Taoism, but in his later years he was obsessed with Taoism, and he banned Cheng Zhu Lixue and attacked many new schools, which was not a wise move.
Song Ningzong had no other advantages except that he had a better personality and was more loyal. He did a mess in governing the country. Saying that he is a faint jun is still a bit of a loss, and it can only be said that he is a mediocre jun. This is not as good as Song Gaozong, who at least has the ability to govern the country, and has no such ability at all.
Zhao Yun, the fifth emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty. Song Lizong was the adopted son of Song Ningzong, who had 9 sons, all of whom died prematurely. He later adopted three sons, one of whom died prematurely. He originally made Zhao Hu crown prince, but after the death of Emperor Ningzong of Song, Shi Miyuan joined forces with Empress Yang to pass on a false edict, deposing Zhao Hu and making Zhao Yun crown prince. Zhao Yun thus ascended the throne as emperor. It can be said that this decision was absolutely wrong, because Song Lizong was the culprit that led to the demise of the Southern Song Dynasty. During the Song Dynasty, the Mongols had risen, and the Southern Song Dynasty had dealt with the Mongols, and as a result, they suffered losses. After Emperor Lizong of Song succeeded to the throne, the Mongols wanted to unite with the Southern Song Dynasty to destroy Jin. Everyone knows that this matter is not ok, because the Northern Song Dynasty was destroyed by the Jin Dynasty because of the alliance with the Jin Dynasty, and then it was destroyed by the Jin State. But Song Lizong insisted on doing so. As a result, the Jin Dynasty collapsed, and the Southern Song Dynasty suffered heavy losses from being ambushed by the Mongols when it regained its homeland. After that, it withdrew from the Henan area, and the territory returned to its previous appearance. However, the national strength of the Southern Song Dynasty was seriously damaged.
Of course, in addition to military mistakes, Song Lizong still made some contributions. For example, politically, he carefully employed people, pro-Promoted Taiwan counsel, clarified the official rule, etc., which made the official field of the Southern Song Dynasty look new; economically leveled prices and prohibited the indiscriminate issuance of paper money; culturally, supported Cheng Zhu Lixue and so on. These are also his contributions. However, in his later years, he reused Jia Xiangdao and other traitors, and his life was absurd, which led to a sharp decline in the national strength of the Southern Song Dynasty. By the time of his death, the Southern Song Dynasty was not far from extinction. Overall, he is definitely a dimwit.
The sixth emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty, Emperor Duzong of Song, Zhao Yu. Song Duzong was the adopted son of Song Lizong, and although Song Lizong was absurd, he had no heirs. In fact, before the fall of many dynasties, there were not many heirs of the emperor. In other words, the more heirs the emperor has, the better for the dynasty. After all, if the emperor has no heirs, the consequences will be very serious, and even lead to national turmoil. In 1264, Emperor Duzong of Song succeeded to the throne at the age of 24. At this time, the Southern Song Dynasty was facing an increasingly serious Mongol threat, and it was urgent for Song Duzong to change the status quo. However, Song Duzong was definitely a dimwitted monarch, and he not only did not work diligently, but continued to reuse Jia Rudao and others. In addition to reusing the traitors, there is also the fact that he himself is also very absurd, and many of the folds are handed over to the harem for approval. After the death of Möngke Khan, the Southern Song Dynasty had the opportunity to change the status quo, but Song Duzong did not seize the opportunity.
In 1274, Emperor Duzong of Song, who had reigned for 10 years, died. At the time of his death, the Southern Song Dynasty was already in turmoil and would perish at any time. It can be said that Song Duzong is definitely a fainting emperor, and his degree of fainting is even more serious than that of Song Lizong. Although he died, his sons were unlucky.
The seventh emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty, Emperor Gongzong of Song, Zhao Xian. Emperor Gongzong of Song was only 3 years old when he ascended the throne, so the empress dowager was in charge of the imperial court, but the power was still controlled by Jia Rudao. Seeing this, I know that the Southern Song Dynasty will not perish any longer. After Emperor Gongzong of Song ascended the throne, natural disasters occurred everywhere throughout the country, floods, earthquakes, and mudslides continued, resulting in an emptiness in the treasury of the Southern Song Dynasty. At this time, the Yuan Dynasty had been established and constantly attacked the Southern Song Dynasty. In 1276, the Yuan Dynasty reached Lin'an, and Song Gongzong surrendered, thus becoming the king of the fallen country. But although he is the king of the fallen country, the sin is not in him. After all, he was also a child and could not take on any responsibility. After the surrender, Emperor Gongzong of Song later went to Tibet to study Buddhism and became a monk, but was killed by Emperor Yuan Yingzong in 1323. He survived the death of several generations of emperors of the Yuan Dynasty, which is still relatively powerful.
The eighth emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty, Emperor Duanzong of Song, Zhao Yun. This emperor was called emperor when the capital was occupied, and he was destined to be extraordinary. Emperor Duanzong of Song was the eldest son of Emperor Duzong of Song and was older than Emperor Gongzong of Song. When Song Gongzong surrendered, Song Duanzong was 7 years old and could be said to be a child. He claimed the title of emperor with the support of Wen Tianxiang, Lu Xiufu and others. After Emperor Duanzong of Song succeeded to the throne, the confrontation between the Southern Song Dynasty and the Yuan Dynasty continued to fail, and Emperor Duanzong of Song could only continue to move south. From Yangzhou all the way to Zhongshan. However, he spent most of his time on ships at sea, just afraid that the Yuan Dynasty would come over. In 1278, the 9-year-old Song Duanzong finally died of illness due to a long time on a bumpy boat. It can be said that he is still relatively pitiful.
The ninth emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhao Fu, the emperor of the late Song Dynasty. Looking at this title, you know that it is not a nickname, and although Zhao Fu was the last emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty, he is worthy of admiration. When Zhao Fu succeeded to the throne, the Southern Song Dynasty was basically beaten to no place. After the defeat at the Battle of Yashan, Zhao Fu was only 7 years old at the time, and Lu Xiufu jumped into the sea with Zhao Fu on his back, and Zhao Fu was martyred in this way. After that, hundreds of thousands of people in the Southern Song Dynasty jumped into the sea and martyred the country, and the rule of the Southern Song Dynasty officially ended.
Although Song Duzong did not become the king of the fallen country, his three sons were all the kings of the fallen country, and two died for the country. I don't know, how Song Duzong would feel if he knew.
This is the general situation of the nine emperors of the Southern Song Dynasty. The first three are too emperors. The latter three did not hold real power, and were known as the Three Emperors of the Late Song Dynasty, and although they carried the title of king of the subjugated country, they did not do anything to apologize to the country. The people who were really responsible for the demise of the Southern Song Dynasty were the six emperors in front of the Southern Song Dynasty. Among these six emperors, there were not many Ming Jun, and there were many faint and mediocre jun. It is really not easy for such a Southern Song Dynasty to exist for such a long time.
Resources:
History of the Song Dynasty, History of the Yuan Dynasty