Many people are familiar with the emperors of the Northern Song Dynasty, and they can also distinguish the lineage. But the Southern Song Dynasty is a little strange, why? Because the inheritance of the throne of the Southern Song Dynasty is really a bit bumpy, we can briefly understand it.
The founding prince of the Southern Song Dynasty: Emperor Gaozong of Song, zhao zhao, who was the only son of Zhao Tuo, emperor huizong of the Northern Song Dynasty, who successfully fled south.
The second monarch of the Southern Song Dynasty: Zhao Xuan, Emperor Xiaozong of Song, was not the son of Zhao Shuo, but the seventh grandson of Zhao Kuangyin, the grandfather of the Song Dynasty. Since Zhao Shuo had no sons, he could only find an adopted son, and Zhao Guangyi, the ancestor of Zhao Shuo, robbed Zhao Kuangyin's descendants of Jiangshan, and now Zhao Shuo's conscience found out, so he returned the throne to them. Zhao Zhaochen gave up the throne and ran to be the emperor.
The third monarch of the Southern Song Dynasty: Emperor Guangzong of Song, zhao, was the third son of Zhao Yun. Zhao Yunchan gave up the throne and also became the Emperor Taishang.
The fourth monarch of the Southern Song Dynasty: Zhao Kuo of Song Ningzong, he was the second son of Zhao Wei. Zhao Huan was forced by Han Nongxin to give up the throne and ran to become the Emperor Taishang.
Have you noticed that the first 3 emperors of the Southern Song Dynasty all ran to become the Emperor Taishang! This in itself is not normal, and then something even more abnormal comes.
The fifth monarch of the Southern Song Dynasty: Zhao Yun of the Song Dynasty, who was the adopted son of Zhao Kuo. Since Zhao Kuo had no son, he adopted a distant cousin as his adopted son, that is, Song Lizong.
The sixth monarch of the Southern Song Dynasty: Zhao Yu of song, who was the nephew of Zhao Yun. Yes, Song Lizong also had no sons, so he had to inherit his nephew to inherit the throne.
The seventh, eighth, and ninth monarchs of the Southern Song Dynasty: Zhao Xian, Emperor Gong of Song, Zhao Fu of Duanzong of Song, and Zhao Fu of Song Huaizong. All three of them were sons of Song Duzong, but all of them were young Tianzi. It didn't take long for the group to be laid off.
In addition to Emperor Gaozong of Song, the first 3 of the remaining 8 emperors of the Southern Song Dynasty were descendants of Zhao Kuangyin's fourth son, Zhao Defang. The latter 5 are descendants of Zhao Kuangyin's second son, Zhao Dezhao. It belongs to two distinct clades.
Moreover, in these 2 factions, the first faction broke the incense, and the latter faction was also a variety of adopted sons. It was difficult to succeed his son to the throne, but the result was the result of the fall of the country. The Southern Song Dynasty is really difficult!
Among the 9 emperors of the Southern Song Dynasty, the most special is the Three Emperors of the Late Song Dynasty. Among these 3 emperors, there is another one that is more special, that is, the Song Gong Emperor Zhao Xian, because he lived for 47 years after the fall of the country.
First, Emperor Zhao Xian of Song Gong was indeed more respectful.
Song Duzong was fooled by Jia Rudao all day and handed over all the important affairs of the military state to Jia Rudao. And Jia Rudao did not understand the military at all, and dreamed all day long that the Southern Song Dynasty army could block the Mongolian iron horse.
Jia Rudao was also particularly foolish, every time the Mongol army went south, Jia Rudao pretended to go out in person, and as a result, Song Duzong cried and shouted and hugged Jia Rudao's thigh to prevent him from going out.
Song Duzong ended his absurd life at the age of 35, and the throne was handed over to his 4-year-old concubine Zhao Xian. This is very embarrassing, because when Emperor Zhao Xian of Song gong first ascended the throne, the Southern Song Dynasty was no longer able to do it, and he was equivalent to receiving a hot potato.
As a result, as soon as the Mongol army came, Jia Rudao's army of more than 100,000 troops immediately collapsed. The middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River were all occupied by the Mongol army, and the ministers in Lin'an City rolled up and ran away.
The ruling Empress Xie scolded these crippled calves over and over again, saying: "Is my Great Song not good enough for your sister's gang of scholars?" Now that great trouble is coming, you are running fast.
At the critical juncture of life and death, who will listen to your blind persecution there? The most ridiculous thing is that after Chen Yizhong, who shouted all day about loyalty and patriotism, took the lead in running away, you say funny is not funny?
At this time, Wen Tianxiang was ordered to go to the Mongolian military camp to negotiate as the right minister and privy councillor. As a result, the meat bun beat the dog and never looked back. Because Wen Tianxiang was too talented, he was actually detained by others!
In the first month of 1276, the cornered Song Gong Emperor Zhao Xian, in desperation, had no choice but to surrender to Kublai Khan, the ancestor of the Yuan Dynasty. The Southern Song Dynasty officially began the countdown to its demise, when Zhao Xian was 6 years old.
Second, life after surrender is not static.
When many people think of the king of the fallen country, they either hang themselves like Chongzhen, or similar to Li Yu being imprisoned to death. Emperor Zhao Xian of Song Gong was a relatively exception, and after he surrendered, his life was not so peaceful.
At the moment of surrender, Emperor Zhao Xian of Song was made the Duke of Yingguo and the Third Division of Kaifu Yitong by Kublai Khan. It sounds very domineering, in fact, another title is prisoner, but the treatment is better.
At the age of 12, Zhao Xian was transferred to Shangdu to live. Shangdu is in inner Mongolia, and for Emperor Gong of Song, who was born in Jiangnan, this is simply a distribution.
At the age of 18, Kublai Khan sent Zhao Xian to Tubo on a whim to learn Sanskrit and Buddhist scriptures. Well, Zhao Xian, from the former emperor of the Song Dynasty, became a master of Buddhism in the blink of an eye.
Zhao Xian did not go to experience life, he shaved his hair in a childlike way, ran to the lama temple to become a monk, and even had a Dharma name: Hezun.
I personally believe that the so-called unity should refer to the meaning of the unity of the world. The so-called Zun refers to the meaning of Emperor Gong of Song's Ninth Five-Year Honor.
After studying Sanskrit and Buddhist scriptures in Tubo for many years, Emperor Zhao Xian of Song Gong actually became a Buddhist master by accident. In order to spread Buddhism, Zhao Xian even began to concentrate on translating Sanskrit Buddhist scriptures into Chinese. For example, "The Theory of the Hundred Laws and Bright Doors" and "The Theory of Entering the Right Theory of Enlightenment" were all translated by him.
Therefore, in the second half of Zhao Xian's life, in fact, his life was still quite good. At least he found his inner dependence, and those who had dependence could naturally live calmly.
III. Why was Zhao Xian given death by Emperor Yuan Yingzong?
In 1323, The Song Gong Emperor Zhao Xian wrote this poem:
Message to Lin Hejing, how many degrees of plum blossoms bloom?
The golden table should not return.
What does that mean? In fact, this is entirely a matter of benevolence and wisdom. Roughly, it can be translated like this:
I would like to ask the great poet Lin Hejing, who takes Mei as his wife and a crane as his son, how many times have plum blossoms bloomed? I sat here on the golden platform that King Yan Zhao used to recruit sages and realized that the old days could not be returned.
Sentimental poems were perfectly normal in ancient times. However, this poem was written by Zhao Xian, the Emperor of Song Gong, and this poem passed into the ears of Yuan Yingzong, who was extremely suspicious.
So well, Yuan Yingzong was furious, thinking that Emperor Zhao Xian of Song Gong was thinking of his homeland and planned to raise his arms! This matter must be absolutely prohibited, and the best way is to do away with Emperor Gong of Song.
Therefore, in April 1323, the Song Gong Emperor Zhao Xian, was given death by Emperor Yuan Yingzong. This walk ended his 47-year captive career at the age of 53.
References: "The Chronicles of the Buddha", "History of the Song Dynasty", "History of the Yuan"