Earlier we said that Yuan Renzong during the Yuan Dynasty was a typical Ming Emperor, during the reign of Yuan Renzong, the economy of the Yuan Dynasty reached a very prosperous situation, and the people at that time were very rich, socially stable, and a harmonious scene. Of course, in the late Yuan Renzong period, because of the good great joy of the gong, it also laid the foundation for the Yuan Dynasty to turn from prosperity to decline. At that time, the throne passed to Emperor Yingzong of Song after the death of Emperor Yuanrenzong. After Yuan Yingzong ascended to the throne, everyone implemented the change of law, and Yuan Yingzong and Yuan Renzong were all influenced by Confucian culture, and Yuan Yingzong strongly recommended useful people and reformulated the selection and employment system. But in the end, Yuan Yingzong was also stabbed to death, and let's take a look at the specifics!
Emperor Yingzong of Yuan Yingzong (1303–1323) was a Mongol, fifth emperor of the Yuan Dynasty, and Great Khan of the Mongol Empire. Concubine of Emperor Yuanrenzong. Emperor Yingzong studied Han Confucian texts from an early age, and was made crown prince in 1316, at the age of 18 when he ascended the throne, and changed his name to "Zhizhi" the following year. In August 1323, Yuan Yingzong and Bai zhu returned from Shangdu (present-day Zhenglanqi East, Inner Mongolia) north to Dadu (present-day Beijing), and on the way stationed at Nanpodian (thirty miles southwest of Shangdu) were assassinated by Tie Lost, known in history as the "Change of Nanpo", Yingzong was only 20 years old when he died, reigned for four years, the temple name Yingzong, the title Rui Shengwen Xiao Emperor, the Mongolian name Gejian Khan.
Brief introduction
Yuan Yingzong (1303–1323), courtesy name Shuode Bala, eldest son of Emperor Yuanrenzong, was the fifth emperor of the Yuan Dynasty (reigned 1320–1323), known in Mongolian as Emperor Gejian. In his early years, he studied the history of scriptures from Han Confucianism, and in 1320, he ascended the throne in the seventh year (1320) and used the Taichang Ceremonial Yuan to make Baizhuo the Left Minister, and confronted the right minister of power, Temu Die'er. In the second year of the reign (1322), Temudian died, and he was promoted to the position of Right Minister, and vigorously carried out reforms. Issued the "Zhenjutai Program System", reusing Han Confucian ministers and recruiting talents; Strike the Imperial Yuan, reduce redundant officials, and streamline institutions; Implement the Law of Assisting in Military Service and reduce the number of conscripts; Promulgate the "Great Yuan Tong System" and strengthen the legal system. Eliminate the Temudi Remnant Party, execute the Xuanzhengyuan envoy Basijisi (Temudi's son), and prosecute him for his crimes. Temudian Yu Dang, Imperial Master Tie Lost and other conspiracies to launch a coup d'état. In August of the following year, Emperor Yingzong of Yuan and Emperor Bai returned north from Shangdu (present-day Zhenglanqi, Inner Mongolia) to Dadu (present-day Beijing), and on the way camped at Nanpodian (30 miles southwest of Shangdu), where they were assassinated by Tie Lost and others. History is called "the change of the south slope". He reigned for four years, and the temple number was Yingzong.
Life
Bo'er Only Jin Shuode Ba La received a Confucian education since childhood, and was familiar with the feudal culture of the Han people. In 1316, he was made crown prince and reigned for seven years. During his reign of three years (1320-1323), Emperor Renzong's mother, Empress Dowager Renzong, appointed Temudi'er, a powerful minister who had been deposed by Emperor Renzong in the past, as the right chancellor, colluded with each other, excluded dissidents, and turned power to the opposition. In order to consolidate his position, Emperor Yuanyingzong established the descendants of Mu Huali, a meritorious servant of Taizu, to worship Zuo Chengxiang and try to suppress the forces of the party of Answering Himself and Temu Di'er. In August and September of the second year of the reign (1322), Temudi'er and Tsubasa died one after another. In October, Li Baizhu became the right minister, saying that he would strive for treatment and a new machine service. In the months that followed, some reformary measures were taken: the extensive use of Han landlord officials and Confucians, such as Zhang Jue, Wu Yuanjue, Wang Yue, Wu Cheng, etc.; Issued the "Zhenjutai Program System", requiring the selection of talents and the selection of talents; Abolish the Government Council and redundant officials, streamline the organization, control financial use, enforce the law of auxiliary service, and reduce the number of military servants; Promulgated the "Great Yuan Tong System" to strengthen the legal system and promote the Han law; Eliminate the Temudian remnants of the Party and investigate and punish their corrupt and perverted laws. These measures were opposed by some conservative Mongol nobles.
Yingzong's New Deal
In the second year of the reign of Emperor Yuan Yingzong Shuode (1322), he carried out the political reforms of the New Deal.
In the first month of the seventh year of Yanyou (1320), Emperor Renzong,whose predecessor Temudi'er was reinstated as the Right Minister of Zhongshu, immediately gathered his henchmen and massacred the courtiers of Emperor Renzong who had offended him, and the courtiers were terrified. In March, Shuode Balai succeeded to the throne as Emperor Yingzong of Yuan. Emperor Yingzong was resolute and determined to make a difference, determined to reform, and Emperor Renzong replied that he was dissatisfied with this. After the plot to depose Emperor Yingzong was leaked, Emperor Yingzong killed the Hou Party and tried his best to suppress the forces of the Party of Answering Himself and Temudier. He appointed a descendant of Taizu's meritorious servant Mu Huali to worship as Zhongshu Zuo Cheng Xiang. In the autumn of the second year of the reign (1322), Heji and Temudian died of illness one after another, and Emperor Yingzong took full-time service to worship him, saying that he would strive for treatment and be keen on reform. He first gathered the former courtiers who were highly respected and had considerable experience in governing the country, reinstated them from their official positions, gave them generous treatment, and made them deliberate; Han landlord officials and Confucians were widely used, such as Zhang Gui, Wu Yuangui, Wang Yue, Wu Cheng, and so on. During this period, the main reform measures were: the implementation of the law of auxiliary service, the three of the 100 acres of civil land, and the income of the auxiliary service; Promulgate the "Great Yuan Tong System" to strengthen the legal system, supervise and account for the state's political system and regulations, and eliminate the confusion of inconsistent government decrees and different punishments for crimes in the past; Issued the "Zhenjutai Program System", requiring the selection of talents and the selection of talents; Redundant posts are dismissed, floating expenses are saved, and conscription is reduced to relieve agricultural strength. Eliminate the Temudian remnants of the Party and investigate and punish their corrupt and perverted laws. At that time, the world was moved by the wind, and the politics were new. However, these measures were opposed by some conservative Mongol nobles.
The change of the south slope
At the beginning of August of the third year of the reign, the remaining Tiemu Di'er Yu Dang and Yushi Dafu Tie Lost plotted to launch a coup d'état and secretly sent his henchmen to Mobei, and on the fifth day of the same month, Yuan Yingzong and Baizhu set off from Shangdu (present-day Zhenglanqi East, Inner Mongolia) to return to Beijing, camping at Nanpodian (thirty miles southwest of Shangdu) on the way, and were assassinated by Tie Lost and others, known in history as the "Change of the Southern Slope".
Yuan Yingzong Shuode Ba La was deeply influenced by Confucianism and wanted to make a great difference politically. In fact, he is not cowardly, and he is very assertive in his dealings. As soon as Emperor Yuanrenzong's death, he and Emperor Yuanrenzong began to clash with Himself over the handling of political affairs. There was a courtier named Beggar Who was sentenced to cane by the Ministry of Punishment according to the law for selling officials and knights. However, he intervened and called for flogging instead. Cane punishment is the fourth class of the "five punishments" of the Yuan Dynasty, and at least 67 boards must be beaten; Hit up to 107 plates. Flogging is a fifth-class punishment, with a maximum of 57 whips; At the very least, put on a 7-whip to show the intention of punishment. When Yingzong ShuodeBala learned that his grandmother wanted to sell people's affection, he immediately stopped it. He said to his grandmother: "The provisions of the law reflect the common will of the world. If you accommodate your personal feelings and adjust your weight at will, you will not be able to maintain the prestige of the law in front of the people of the world. He categorically ordered that the original sentence be upheld and that the begging jail be executed with a cane. After half a month, another minister, called Lost Liemen, was instructed by himself to propose to Shuo De Ba Lai to adjust the personnel, remove a group of people, and appoint a group of people. Shuo De Ba La immediately dismissed: "Now is the time to seal a new official!" The former subjects of the former emperor should not be easily changed. When I officially ascended the throne, I would naturally consult carefully with the princes and elders of the clan. At that time, all the virtuous will be appointed, and the adulterers will be deposed. Answering himself touched several nails that were not hard or soft in a row, he was extremely angry and said hatefully, "I really shouldn't have raised this grandson!"
Temudian was a sinister and corrupt person, and was compared to Ahma in the era of Kublai Khan, the ancestor of the Yuan Dynasty. Emperor Yuanrenzong's love for Yu li Bali Bada was aware of his crimes and ordered him to be arrested and interrogated. Instead, he hid in the house of his confidante. Aiyu Li Bali Bada knew that his mother was shielding him, and for several days he was sullen and unhappy, but he had no choice but to issue an edict to depose him from his position as prime minister and put the matter to rest. On the fourth day after the death of Ayuri Bali Bada, He directly ordered the restoration of Temudi's phase. As soon as he returned to power, he falsely killed several upright ministers who had opposed him on charges such as "disobeying the will of the empress dowager" and "disrespectful in accepting the edict."
Under the combined offensive of empress dowager Anderson and the powerful minister TemuDi'er, Emperor Yuanyingzong could only passively defend at first, and then gradually deployed a counterattack. He appointed a large number of Han bureaucrats and intellectuals, and dismissed a number of Mongolian and Semu officials who relied on privileges and stole important places. He appointed Baizhu, known as the "Mongol Confucian", as Zuo Cheng Xiang (左丞相) to limit Temudi's power.
In the second year of the reign (1322), both Taji and Temudier died. Emperor Yuanyingzong Gu Deba ordered the investigation of Temudi'er's corruption case, pursued his official titles, confiscated his family wealth, and executed a number of officials who followed Temudi'er in his many evil deeds.
Iron Lost is Temudian's nemesis. He served as an envoy to xuanhui, an official position responsible for the provision of royal life. He used this as a ladder and was favored by himself, and later served as the commander of the imperial guards and the imperial guard, and the imperial master who picketed the good and evil of hundreds of officials, political gains and losses. Emperor Yuanyingzong Hadhiba had pinned his hopes on him and said to him, "Living in a deep palace, you cannot deeply understand the behavior of your courtiers and the sufferings of the people, and you must rely on you people as eyes and ears." In the past, Temudian was insatiable, and you will not expose it. Now, although he is dead, he will confiscate his family property in order to warn those who come after him. "Iron lost his hearing, and there was a ghost in his heart, and he was very uneasy.
In the autumn of the third year of zhizhi (1323), Emperor Yuanyingzong Set out from Shangdu and prepared to return to Dadu. Shangdu has always been the stronghold of conservative Mongol aristocratic forces; In that year, Ali Buge launched a rebellion against Kublai Khan, the ancestor of the Yuan Dynasty, and his base was in Shangdu. Iron lost fear that the sharp blade of Yuan Yingzong Shuode Ba la to rectify the government would be added to his head, and decided to take advantage of Shangdu's "geographical advantage" to strike first and get rid of Shuo De Ba La. That night, Yuan Yingzong Shuode Ba La stayed at the Nanpo store 30 miles south of Shangdu. Tie Lost gathered a group of conservative nobles who resented him, including Timur's son Suonan, to stage a coup d'état. They rushed into the accommodation of Shuode Bala, killing the prime minister and worshipping him. Tie Fu personally broke into the hall of ShuoDe Ba La and killed the 21-year-old emperor. History is called "the change of the south slope".
Power struggle
On the twenty-first day of the first month of the seventh year of Yanyou (1320), Emperor Injong died. On the twenty-fourth day, the eldest son, Shuo De Ba, was ordered by the empress dowager to depose Zhongshu Right Chancellor Bo Dasha and make Temu Di'er the Right Chancellor of Zhongshu. After Temudian returned to the throne, he immediately set out to take revenge on his political enemies. He first falsely accused Han Ruoyu, the senator of Zhongshu Province, of being guilty and requested capital punishment. The crown prince knew that Han Ruoyu had been wronged and refused this request, but he was afraid of the obscenity of Empress Dowager Da and Temudi'er, and had to dismiss Han Ruoyu. In February, he also dismissed, knighted, and demoted Zhongshu Pingzhang Chijin Timur, Yushi Dafu Dehuan, Zhongshu Pingzhang Li Meng, Wu Bodu Thorn, and Ali Hague, who were not dependent on him. Zhao Shiyan of Pingzhang, the governor of Sichuan, had impeached Temudier. At this time, Temudier instigated people to falsely accuse him of guilt, and at the same time implied that he could get the high-ranking official Houlu as long as he surrendered his party. Zhao Shiyan sternly refused. Temudian then added him to the crime of disobeying the edict and great disrespect, and proposed to be executed. Emperor Yingzong knew that he had been wronged, but he only dared to say that Zhao Shiyan's crime was before the amnesty, and he should be lenient. Temudian demanded that the person who had impeached himself with Zhao be held accountable. Emperor Yingzong still prevaricated that these things occurred before the amnesty and should not be pursued. Temudi'er repeatedly demanded that Zhao Shiyan be executed, but Emperor Yingzong did not agree. Therefore, in order to please Temudi'er, the officials in charge of the interrogation tried every means to torture Zhao Shiyan in an attempt to make him commit suicide because he was humiliated. Unexpectedly, Zhao Shiyan did not confess or commit suicide. Timur had no choice but to keep him in prison for a long time. Emperor Yingzong saved Zhao Shiyan.
While exterminating political opponents, Temudi'er promoted a large number of loyalists, and promoted Zuo Xianghari (a black donkey) in Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces and Zhao Shirong in Shaanxi Province pingzhang to Zhongshu Pingzhang. His henchman, Yihui yuan, made Qiu Liemen demand a large-scale replacement of courtiers by the crown prince in the name of Empress Dowager Da. The crown prince refused on the grounds that it was advisable for the former emperor's former subjects to move lightly. Zhongshu Zuo Cheng Zhang Siming also advised Temu Di'er not to make people panic and cause dissatisfaction among the kings and horses. In this way, Temudian only slightly converged.
On March 11, Crown Prince Shuode took the throne as Emperor Yingzong. Emperor Yingzong, on the one hand, went through the troubles with the empress dowager and Temu Di'er, and sealed Temu Di'er as the Kaifu Yi Tongsan Division, Shangzhu Guo, and Taishi, and even issued an edict prohibiting officials from criticizing Temu Di'er. Honoring empress dowager as empress dowager. One area gathered strength and promoted its own cronies. On April 11, Emperor Yingzong elevated muhua li's descendant, son of An Tong, and the envoy of the Taichang Ceremonial Yuan to Zhongshu Pingzhang to contain Temu di'er. Bai Zhu had always advocated the rule of Confucianism, and immediately agreed with Emperor Yingzong and became his main assistant. With Emperor Yingzong and BaiZhu as the side, they launched a fierce struggle with the empress dowager, Temudi'er, and others.
On April 13, Temudian requested that ministers be forbidden to skip the ranks in an attempt to block the way. Yingzong agreed to this request. On the third day of the first month of May, Temudian framed Shangdu for staying behind to greet He Boyan in civilian clothes, executed for the crime of great disrespect, and raided his home. Emperor Yingzong remained silent, but less than ten days after He Boyan's death, he promoted Baizhu to zhongshu zuo chengxiang, second only to Temudi'er. On May 20, emperor Yingzong, on the basis of Baizhu's suggestion, executed Asan, Haru, Tethai, and Qiu liemen for conspiring to depose the emperor and raided their homes, dealing a heavy blow to the forces of the empress dowager and Temudier's faction. As a result, Temudi'er repeatedly demanded that Zhao Shiyan be executed, but Emperor Yingzong refused. As for Temudi'er's repeated framing of Worship, Yingzong ignored it even more, but instead trusted Baizhu even more.
On August 25, 1322, timur died. On September 22, the empress dowager died. Emperor Yingzong really held the power. On October 25, Emperor Yingzong was promoted to the position of Zhongshu Right Chancellor (中書右丞相) and decided not to set up a Left Chancellor to show his honor. Emperor Yingzong and Baizhu set about eliminating maladministration and implementing a new policy.
The main contents of Emperor Yingzong's new policy were to reduce the number of enlisted servants, emphasize agriculture and suppress commerce, reduce redundant officials, and use Confucian subjects.
When Yingzong implemented the New Deal, he dealt with the crimes of Temudi's dictatorship and chaos, but did not clean up Temudi's henchmen well, which led to a later coup. First, in December of the second year of Zhizhi (1322), Emperor Yingzong ordered the execution of Temudi'er's son, the envoy of Xuanhuiyuan, Basijisi, on the charge of embezzlement. Then, in June of the third year of zhizhi (1323), xiazhao posthumously seized all the official titles of Temudier, confiscated the family property, and published his guilt in Daxia. And the sin of embezzlement
Depose Timur's son, Zhiyuan Wangdan. These actions made Temudi's remnants tremble and uneasy, so Temudi's righteous son, the Janissary general Tie Fei and others plotted to launch a coup d'état.
In August 1323, Emperor Yingzong set off from Shangdu (present-day Xilingol League, Inner Mongolia, north of zhenglanqi) and drove south to Dadu (present-day Beijing) and stationed himself on the southern slope 30 miles from the city. Tie Lost and others responded to the Azov guards as an external response, launched a coup d'état, and killed Yingzong and Baizhu and others. Tie Lost waited for the night to rush to Dadu, collected the seal letter of the provincial ministry, and sent the envoy Feng Yuxi to the town of King of Jin in northern Mobei. In September, Yesun Timur took the throne in mobei and changed his name to Yuan Taiding the following year.