"Hushan's dream is all wrong, goodbye Cloud Dragon flying north." For three hundred years, one day, the sky and the blue water sighed."
This is a sentence in the "Plum Blossom Poem" written by Shao Yong, a strange man of the Northern Song Dynasty. It alludes to the fall of the three-hundred-year foundation of the Zhao Dynasty and the Song Dynasty, and as Lu Xiufu surrendered to the sea, the "long sky and clear water" engulfed the last glimmer of hope of the Song room. However, in the first 3 years, the Mongol army had already captured the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty, Lin'an. As the king of the fallen country at that time, the six-year-old Song Gong Emperor became a prisoner of the Mongol Yuan Dynasty and began a legendary 47-year captive career.
Although the title of king of the fallen kingdom is not very good, it does not mean that every one of them is incompetent, although most of them are like this, but there will always be exceptions. And after the demise of a dynasty, then the emperor of the new dynasty will certainly not tolerate the monarch of the previous dynasty, because if the monarch of the previous dynasty has the intention of restoring the country, then the hard-won Jiangshan will be handed over to people.
In 1274, due to excessive alcoholism, he died of excessive alcohol, and at the age of four, he ascended the throne as emperor with the support of the traitorous minister Jia Xiangdao, and was named Emperor Gong of Song, with the era name Deyou. It was presided over by her grandmother, Empress Dowager Xie, and her mother, Empress Quan. But the power of the military state is still in the hands of Jia Rudao.
At the age of six, he was taken captive for the subjugation of the country, and at the age of nineteen, he was forced to become a monk until his death, and his life was extremely tragic.
The Song Dynasty was captured by Taizu from the hands of the orphans and widows of the Later Zhou Dynasty, and finally lost to the hands of the orphans and widows. Later generations wrote poems sarcastically: When Chen Qiao was in yili that day, he deceived his widows and orphans. Who knows that more than three hundred years later, widows and orphans were also deceived.
In the past, when Zhao Xian ascended the throne, the Song Dynasty was already in a state of panic. At that time, the Mongol ruler Kublai Khan believed that the emperor was young and the traitors were in power, which was a good time to unify the Central Plains.
The Yuan Dynasty army had gained the northern half of China, and after gaining control of Xiangfancheng, the most important passage to the south, crossed the Yangtze River and marched towards Lin'an (present-day Hangzhou), the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty. Empress Xie issued orders to the "King of Qin" throughout the country on the one hand, and begged for peace with the Yuan army on the other. The overwhelming Yuan army broke through the defensive lines in various places and surrendered to the states in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River.
The three dynasties (Lizong, Duzong, and Gongzong), but the greedy and fearful of death, the traitor Yu Jia Xiangdao, on the one hand, led 70,000 Song troops to garrison Wuhu, while on the other hand, he sent envoys to the enemy camp to seek peace, but was refused.
In 1275, the 30,000-strong army led by Jia Rudao was defeated against the Yuan army in Wuhu, and soon Empress Xie and Emperor Gong of Song had to kill Jia Rudao under the oppression of the people of the whole country, but it was too late, the Song Dynasty was dying, and the situation of extinction was inevitable. By the middle of the same year, the Yuan army had occupied most of jiangdong (present-day Jiangsu province). On January 18, 1276, the Yuan army led by Boyan arrived at Lin'an. The Court of the Southern Song Dynasty was unable to make peace, so it had to surrender to the Yuan army. In the same year, Empress Dowager Xie surrendered to the Yuan army with the five-year-old young emperor Zhao Xian.
At this time, the remnants of the Song Dynasty, which had not yet been destroyed, supported Emperor Duanzong Zhao And Zhao Chang the Prince of Wei and continued to resist, and the newly conquered areas were also full of smoke. Kublai Khan realized that this fallen young emperor still had usable value, and only by placing him and letting him use him as a cover could he attract those Southern Song courtiers who had not yet been annexed, so he also made Zhao Xian the Duke of Yingguo and imprisoned Zhao Xian and others in the high-walled deep palace. Zhao Xian was cautious and secretive, hoping to avoid persecution. When he was twelve years old, Kublai Khan suddenly issued an edict asking Zhao Xian to move to Shangdu and go to the remote Mongolian hinterland.
According to a monk at that time, Kublai Khan told Kublai Khan that if Saturn was an obscure emperor from the astrological point of view, someone would want to endanger the emperor and should be wary; and I heard that some people said that they were going to raise an army as the captured Xiangwen Tianxiang. Kublai Khan had a premonition that Zhao Xian and Wen Tianxiang were indeed a threat to his rule, so he killed Wen Tianxiang in Dadu and sent Zhao Xianfa to Shangdu.
It turned out that Kublai Khan believed that the Southern Song Dynasty had been destroyed for twelve years, the yuan dynasty's rule in the Central Plains had basically stabilized, and Zhao Xian had no use value in politics or military, so he was ready to let him become a monk.
To be sure, the secluded life in Beijing is necessarily boring and monotonous. After Zhao Xian's capture, the historical records are very small, only scattered. According to records, in 1282, Zhao Xian, who was already 12 years old, was sent from Beijing to Shangdu Kaiping to live for 6 years. In 1288, Kublai Khan "gave Zhao Xian, the Duke of Yingguo, a hundred ingots" (赵顯钞).
But Kublai Khan did not intend to raise them anymore at this time, and was planning to find them a "promising" career. Ten days later, the decision came out. "Zhao Xian, the Duke of Yingguo, learned buddhism in Tufan", and his mother Empress Quan was ordered to become a nun. A mother and son were arranged by the Yuan Dynasty to become a monk, and since then the flesh and bones have been separated, and the end of the world has gone their separate ways.
It was nearly 10,000 miles from Shangdu (present-day Zhenglan East, Inner Mongolia) to Tubo (present-day Tibet Autonomous Region). Along the way, Zhao Xian passed through the grasslands, crossed the desert, and went through countless hardships before finally reaching Tubo and finally living in Lhasa Gaga Temple.
A Han Chinese, only in an environment where he does not understand words, does not obey the water and soil, and has no relatives, has obviously formed a world of difference from his former life! But Zhao Xian quickly adapted to this life, also learned Tibetan, and after years of diligent study, he even became the abbot of the monastery in the face of adversity.
Later, he translated the "Treatise on the Hundred Laws and MingMen", as well as the esoteric "Theory of Entering the Right Theory of Enlightenment", leaving an inscription on the title page, claiming to be "the Great Han King's Monks and Monks And Respect the Magic Treasure", which was included in the list of translation masters by Tibetan historians. Becoming a historical wonder, he made valuable contributions to the exchange of Sino-Tibetan culture.
In the third year of his reign, he was given to die in Hexi, Gansu Province, because he inadvertently wrote a poem, and the original text of his poem was as follows: Sending a message to Lin Hejing, how many plum blossoms bloomed? The golden table should not return. The next sentence in the poem" "Golden Terrace" is a place name, there is an allusion: it tells the story of king Yan Zhao' building a platform near the Chaoyang Gate of the capital during the Warring States period, placing thousands of gold on it to attract the world's virtuous soil, the rulers of the Yuan Dynasty believe that this sentence is Zhao Xian's complaint that he is a "guest under the stage" and has the meaning of dissatisfaction, the previous sentence in the poem, "Lin Hejing", is a personal name, is a famous high priest in the Song Dynasty, this person has no intention of making a name for himself, he did not come to the city for twenty years, and he did not marry for life. He was in the lonely mountain of Hangzhou's West Lake, accompanied by a plum tree crane, and was known as the "plum wife crane". After his death, Emperor Renzong of Song remembered his qinggao and gave him the nickname "Mr. Hejing", which in the eyes of the Yuan people, was used by Zhao Xian as an opportunity to express his inner resentment, as if he had an attempt to drive the restoration.
Regarding the ending of Zhao Xian, the Song Gong Emperor, the Han Chinese "Chronicles of the Buddha" has this sentence: "In April of the third year of the reign, the Duke hezun of the Yingguo Died in Hexi, and the monk Confucian Jinshu collected the scriptures. Some people therefore believe that "the Duke of Yingguo was given the right to die in Hexi in the third year of Emperor Yingzong's reign." But some people also use the phrase "bestow the Duke of Yingguo" as an independent term, not the meaning of being given death.
At least from the text, it is not obvious that Emperor Gong of Song died violently, and the "Confucian Golden Book collection" behind it is even more exaggerated in the sense of courtesy of the imperial court. In any case, in the third year of The Reign of Emperor Yuan Yingzong, in 1323 AD, Emperor Gong of Song ended his life as a lama and his 47 years of captivity, when he was 54 years old. After all, he settled in Tibet for 35 years, during which he never set foot in the Central Plains and his hometown of Jiangnan, where nasi dreamed!