Sima Dewen
Sima Dewen (386–421), courtesy name Dewen, was the last emperor of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. The second son of Sima Yao, Emperor Xiaowu of Jin, the younger brother of Sima Dezong, Emperor Of Jin'an, and his mother was Shuyuan Chen Gui's daughter. Sima Dewen was initially enfeoffed as the Evil King of Lang, and then successively served as a general of the Chinese army, a general of the Scattered Horse, a general of Wei, a general of Kaifu Yi tongsan division, a servant of shizhong, a situ, and a six-article matter of Lu Shangshu. When Emperor An of Jin was deposed by Huan Xuan, sima Dewen and Emperor An of Jin both resided in Xunyang; after Huan Xuan's defeat, he was moved to Jiangling. In the first year of Yuan Xi (419), Liu Yu killed Emperor An of Jin, and Sima Dewen was made emperor, with the era name Yuan Xi. In June of the second year of Yuan Xi (420), Sima Dewen Zen was located in Liu Yu, and the Eastern Jin Dynasty fell from then on. Sima Dewen was deposed as the King of Lingling, and in September of the same year, Liu Yu sent people to suffocate Sima Dewen with a quilt, at the age of 36, and was buried in Chongping Mausoleum.
real name
Size
German (word)
Ethnic groups
Han Chinese
Time of birth
386 years
Time of death
421 years
Biography
Early life
In the eleventh year of Taiyuan (386), Sima Dewen was born, and his mother was Shuyuan Chen Gui's daughter (after Emperor An of Jin ascended the throne, he was honored as Empress Dowager De). Sima Dewen was initially enfeoffed as the Evil King of Lang, and then successively served as a general of the Chinese army, a general of the Scattered Horse, a general of Wei, a general of Kaifu Yi tongsan division, a servant of shizhong, a situ, and a six-article matter of Lu Shangshu. In the early years of Yuan Xing, he was transferred to the post of Grand General of the Che Riding Army.
Sima Dewen related inscriptions
In the second year of Long'an (398), Wang Gong of Yanzhou and Yuzhou assassin Shi Yukai led a rebellion due to dissatisfaction with Shangshu Zuo's servant Wang Guobao, and Sima Dewen had to kill Wang Guobao to quell the storm.
In the third year of Long'an (399), Wang Gong and Yu Kai, together with Jingzhou Assassin Shi Yin Zhongkan and Guangzhou Assassin Shi Huanxuan, rebelled again, and the rebels attacked until the vicinity of Jiankang before they were defended, and Wang Gong was killed. At the same time, Sun En's rebels in Zhejiang and Jiangsu were also huge.
In the fourth year of Long'an (400), Sun En attacked Huiji, and in the fifth year of Long'an (401), he attacked Huankou, Linhai, and Guangling, and the Jin army was defeated many times. In the sixth year of Long'an (402), Sun En directly threatened Jiankang, and Jiankang was blockaded and the city was starved. In the first year of Huan Chu's reign (403), Sima Dewen personally conquered Huan Xuan, and Sima Dewen was defeated several times. Huan Xuan created himself a chancellor and a lieutenant. In the same year, Sun En was defeated by Linhai Taishou Xinjing and committed suicide. On January 29, 404, huan chu tiankang killed Sima Daozi and became the ruler of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. In the autumn of the same year, he also called himself the King of Chu and the Great General. He also enfeoffed Sima Dewen as Dazai, and was crowned with a crown and a green ribbon. On December 31 of the same year, Huan Xuan usurped the throne, changed the name of the country to Chu, and was renamed Huan Chu in history, demoting Emperor An of Jin to the Title of Prince of Pinggu, and Sima Dewen was also demoted to the Duke of Shiyang County. On January 19, 405, in the first year of the Eastern Jin Dynasty , Both Sima Dewen and Emperor An of Jin were expelled from Jiankang and took up residence in Xunyang.
The rulers are in power
On March 24, 405, in the first year of Yixi(405), Liu Yu raised an army to attack Huan Xuan, and Huan Xuan's army was defeated. Huan Xuan coerced Emperor An of Jin and Sima Dewen to flee to Jiangling. On June 19, Huan Xuan was killed, and Emperor An of Jin was made emperor, and Sima Dewen was renamed the Prince of Lang, and he was also given the titles of Xuzhou Assassin, Grand Sima and Situ. However, the good times did not last long, and on June 26, Huan Xuan's general Huan Zhen attacked Jiangling again, and Sima Dezong, the emperor of Jin'an, was captured.
On March 2 of the second year of Yixi (406), Sima Dezong, the emperor of Jin'an, was again freed from the hands of the rebels. Huan Xuan's rebellion finally destroyed the imperial power of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and Liu Yu became a pivotal figure in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, laying the foundation for the establishment of the Southern Song Dynasty.
Beginning in the eighth year of Yixi (412), Liu Yu held power alone in the court, ostracized and persecuted ministers who were at odds with him, and corrected Emperor An's edict to order the assassination of the outside world. After Liu Yu came to power, Sima Dewen knew that Liu Yu had attempts to usurp the throne and kill Emperor An of Jin, and that Emperor An of Jin himself did not recognize hunger and cold, so Sima Dewen accompanied Emperor An of Jin; later Sima Dewen fell ill and moved out to live outside the palace.
On January 28, 419, the fifteenth year of Yixi,419, Liu Yu sent Wang Shaozhi to kill Emperor An of Jin. Liu Yu himself intended to proclaim himself emperor, but because Tu Yu said that "there were two emperors after Changming (Emperor Xiaowu of Jin)", Liu Yu made Sima Dewen emperor in line with Tu Chen's words, and changed his era name to Yuan Xi the following year.
Zen died
On June 5, 420, Liu Yu saw that the time was ripe and ordered his party disciple Fu Liang to draft a Zen edict and enter the palace to force Sima Dewen to copy it. Sima Dewen gladly accepted, copied the edict, and said to the left and right: "When Huan Xuan usurped the throne, the Jin Dynasty had already lost the world, because of Liu Gong (Liu Yu), which extended the state for nearly twenty years. Today, I am willing to do this. Two days later, Sima Dewen retreated to the palace of the Lang Evil Emperor, and the hundred officials bid farewell to the Jin Emperor, and the Eastern Jin Dynasty was destroyed.
After Emperor Gong was deposed, he spent the whole day in the same room with Empress Chu
After Liu Yu ascended the throne, he demoted Sima Dewen to the position of King of Lingling and moved him to Moling, where Zhengshuo, chariots, and clothes were all guarded by the champion general Liu Zunkao in accordance with the specifications of the Jin Dynasty.
Tombs of the Eastern Jin Dynasty
Empress Sima Dewen's brothers Chu Xiuzhi (褚秀之) and Chu Tanzhi (褚谭之), were originally created as Tai changqing and Shizhong of the Jin Dynasty. At this time, when they saw that the emperor and empress were in distress, they turned their backs on the lord and asked for glory, willing to become Liu Yu's lackeys and help monitor the empress. Empress Chu gave birth to a son, and Chu Xiu's brothers followed Liu Yu's orders and killed the baby boy. Liu Yu also wanted to assassinate Sima Dewen, so Sima Dewen was terrified day and night, and spent all day in the same room with Empress Chu, and all the food and drink were also taken care of by Empress Chu herself, making Liu Yu unable to do it for a while.
In September of the second year of Yongchu (421), Liu Yu ordered Zhang Wei, a servant of Langya, to go to Moling to kill Sima Dewen with a bottle of poisoned wine. Zhang Wei couldn't bear to murder the old lord, and it was difficult to explain when he went back, so he sighed: "If you want to poison and kill the lord to keep yourself alive, it is better to die!" "He committed suicide by drinking poisoned wine on the road." Liu Yu was furious when he heard the news. On November 10, he sent Chu Tanzhi to visit Empress Chu under false pretenses, and ordered his own soldiers to secretly follow behind. Empress Chu heard that her brother was coming and went out to meet her. The soldiers took the opportunity to cross the wall into Sima Dewen's room, put the poisoned wine in front of him, and forced him to drink quickly. Sima Dewen shook his head and refused, "In Buddhist teachings, it is said that if a person commits suicide, he cannot be reincarnated again. The soldier took him to bed, covered his face with a quilt, strangled him with force, and jumped off the wall. After Sima Dewen was killed, Emperor Gong was buried in Chongping Mausoleum in November (December 16), and Liu Yu led the Wenwu hundred officials to the funeral.