Author: Xu Yunhui
(A group of pictures of "Hongmen Feast")
The sun was like blood, the cold wind was howling, and the thin snow covered the Lishan Trail. Liu Bang looked hasty and galloped on horseback, and "Fan Duo, Xiahou Bao, Jin Qiang, Ji Xin and other four people with swords and shields" followed and flew away. When the Bashang military camp was in the distance, Liu Bang was glad that he had finally escaped from danger and escaped the deep pit of the "Hongmen Feast" that Xiang Yu had dug for him.
The "Hongmen Banquet" was a deep pit dug for Liu Bang by Xiang Yu before the Chu and Han dynasties fought for supremacy! What makes posterity laugh is that Liu Bang is safe and sound, but Xiang Yu is constantly digging a pit for himself, resulting in the eccentricity of the guest and the host, leaving regrets for eternity.
The deep pit of the "Hongmen Feast" was the turning point for Xiang Liu's forces to disappear one after another, and it was also the fuse for Xiang Yu's prosperity and decline. Xiang Yu, in the case of taking full advantage, played a good hand of cards and made Liu Bang, who was on the fish, out of the pit safely, thus completely rewriting the outcome of the Chu-Han War.
First, irritable and irritable
Character determines destiny. Xiang Yu was brave and unscrupulous, when he was young
"If you don't succeed in learning books, go; learn swords, and don't succeed... Xiang Liang was taught the art of war, and he knew a little about his intentions, but he refused to learn..." The undefeated battle record made him "self-respecting and meritorious", and he regarded himself too highly, and before the destruction of Qin, King Huai of Chu had agreed with the princes, "The first to enter the Guanzhong is Wang Zhi." In Xiang Yu's heart, only he was qualified to enter the customs and become a king.
Therefore, when he led the Northern Route Army to Hangu Pass after a bloody battle, he heard that Xianyang had become Liu Bang's pocket and "made the soldiers guard Hangu Pass", and suddenly felt great shame and humiliation, "so that Tuobu and others broke through Hangu Pass", advanced to xinfenghong gate, and prepared to ask Liu Bangxing's division for guilt.
Just at this time, Liu Bang's zuo Sima Cao was harmless and betrayed the lord for glory, secretly reporting Liu Bang's attempt to claim the throne in Guanzhong. The military teachers took the opportunity to add fuel to the fire and exaggerate the harm of Liu Bang's existence. Xiang Yu was completely enraged and ordered a 400,000-strong army to defeat Liu Bang's 100,000 troops the next day.
The skies over the Hongmen Gate were suddenly covered with clouds of war, and a great war was about to break out, and Liu Bang was fierce and less auspicious.
Second, credulous brain damage
However, Xiang Yu soon announced the cancellation of military operations and treated Liu Bang with courtesy. The person who prompted him to make this brain-dead decision was his uncle Xiang Bo.
Xiang Bo's original intention was only to repay Zhang Liang's life-saving grace, but he was confused by Zhang Liang's double reed play with Liu Bang and was bribed by Liu Bang to marry his family. Therefore, Xiang Bo voluntarily acted as a lobbyist for Liu Bang for personal gain. He used some rhetoric to calm Xiang Yu down from the angry hair rushing crown, until he unsuspectingly promised that liu Bang would come to apologize for his sins tomorrow, "because of good encounters", which had a wonderful Hongmen feast.
Xiang Yu's credulous fatal wounds from the soldiers linhangu guan were revealed: he credulously believed Cao Wu's rumors and Fan Zeng's agitation, and rushed to the crown in anger and prepared to attack Liu Bang; credulously believed his uncle's words and easily abandoned the attack; at the Hongmen banquet, credulously believed Liu Bang's self-defense and "betrayed" Cao Wu, resulting in Cao Wu's being executed immediately after Liu Bang returned to the camp; moreover, because he credulously believed Liu Bang's humility, violated the prior agreement, and gave Fan Zeng the assassination signal of "the third person who showed what he was wearing yujue" "Xiang Wang should not be" He credulously believed Fan Duo's remarks that were the same as Liu Bang's; he believed that Liu Bang was indeed in a hurry and easily let him go to the toilet; in the end, he credulously believed Zhang Liang's excuse that "Pei Gong was overwhelmed and could not resign", and allowed Liu Bang to "get out of his own way" and return to the army, and even was so naïve that he accepted Liu Bang's generous gifts.
Every credulity of Xiang Yu was sparing no effort to dig a pit for himself.
Third, rigid self-use
With 400,000 heavy troops in his hands and a record of "what should be broken, those who hit serve, and those who have not tasted defeat", Xiang Yu naturally disdained to use assassination to remove Liu Bang at the Hongmen banquet. Xiang Yu treated Liu Bei with courtesy and returned to the mountain, mainly because he was solipsistic and self-conscious.
Xiang Bo's adultery with Liu Bang was already an indisputable fact, but Xiang Yu turned a blind eye, not only did not deepen the investigation, but agreed to set up a banquet for hospitality. At the Hongmen Banquet, Xiang Bo stepped forward and danced with the murderous Xiang Zhuang with his sword, "often shielding Pei Gong with his wings." Xiang Yu knew it, but he turned a blind eye, which made Fan Zeng's assassination plan of "hitting Pei Gong yu sitting" fail, and also made himself one step closer to Wujiang.
Liu Bang was as good as a stream, obeyed the brilliant plans of the strategists, and was able to play creatively, showing extremely high political wisdom. Xiang Yu only had one adviser, Fan Zeng, and as Liu Bang said: "Xiang Yu has a Fan Zeng and can't use it, so he thinks I can capture it!" ”
Fan Zenglao, who was good at clever and clever strategies, fully estimated Liu Bang's potential threat when Cao Wu was injured, concluded that Liu Bang's "ambition is not small", and urged Xiang Yu to "strike hard and not lose." From the details of "Fan Zeng's number of Xiang Wang", it can be inferred that Fan Zeng had made preparations with Xiang Yu in advance. However, at the crucial moment, Xiang Yu turned a blind eye to the assassination hints. Fan Zeng hurried to remedy the situation, and sent Xiang Zhuang to act on the grounds of dancing swords to help him, but was stopped by Xiang Bo. What made Fan Zeng most angry was that Xiang Yu actually accepted the generous gift from Zhang Liang on behalf of Liu Bang. Fan Zeng couldn't bear it any longer, and put the gift "on the ground, drew his sword and smashed it, saying: 'Alas! The shaft is insufficient and conspiratorial. At the same time, he issued a deafening prophecy: "Whoever seizes the king of the world will be pei gongye." I am now a victim. ”
However, such a terrible prophecy still failed to awaken Xiang Yu, the dreamer. Condoning his uncle's betrayal and being indifferent to Fan Zeng's ingenious strategy, Xiang Yu was self-conscious and undefeated!
Fourth, nepotism
There is a detail in the Hongmen banquet: when Liu Bei and others plotted how to get out, due to disagreement, they delayed time in the toilet. Xiang Yu waited impatiently, so he "made the capital Lieutenant Chen Ping summon Pei Gong."
Therefore, Chen Ping came out to play soy sauce, and by the way, Liu Bang and his party, who were in a hurry in the toilet, returned to the mountain.
Although Chen Ping was born a commoner, he was determined to "conquer the world." Chen Ping had defected to King Wei and Xiang Yu successively. After he "entered the Qin Dynasty", he served as a lieutenant and senior military attaché. However, the lieutenant was too far away from Chen Ping's grand ambitions. Chen Ping carefully analyzed the more than ten anti-Qin princes and believed that only Xiang Yu and Liu Bang had the strength to win the Central Plains. The two saw each other: the strength of the Chu army was stronger than the strength of the soldiers, but Xiang Yu was self-respecting and meritorious, and it was difficult to achieve great things; the Han army was a small general, but Liu Bang was able to achieve great things from the advice of the flow.
At the Hongmen Banquet, Chen Ping witnessed the whole process of Liu Bang's team working with one heart and one mind to overcome dangers, and was deeply impressed by Liu Bang's calm and calm and flexable king's courage. At the same time, he saw that at today's banquet, "Xiang Yu was also because of his achievements, and there was no heart for Pei Gong", so he pushed the boat along the water and released Liu Bang privately.
Therefore, Chen Ping, relying on the special status of a lieutenant, falsely passed on Xiang Yu's order to send the five main servants of Liu Bang out of the Chu camp safely.
From then on, Chen Ping was in The Heart of Chu Ying, and took advantage of Xiang Yu's trust to rescue Liu Bang, who was under house arrest in Xianyang, when he attacked the west with his voice, and won a good opportunity for Liu Bang to make a comeback later. In the spring of 205 BC, Chen Ping finally hung up the seal and sealed the gold and put it under Liu Bang's account. After returning to the Han Dynasty, Chen Ping helped Liu Bang achieve victory in the Chu-Han rivalry and became a founding hero of the Western Han Dynasty.
Another important reason for Chen Ping's back to Chu and Surrender to Han was that Xiang Yu was nepotistic and drove fish for Yuan. Chen Ping described himself as the reason for leaving Xiang Yu: "King Xiang could not trust everyone fairly, and the people he trusted and valued were either cousins or cousins. Other people, even if they have the ability, can not be reused, so I decided to leave! ”
Because Xiang Yu's nepotism prevented Chen Ping from being reused, and because sending Chen Ping caused Liu Bang to flee, the pit that Xiang Yu dug for himself was too big.
Fifth, force the rebellion against Han Xin
Liu Bang's master and servant performed dazzlingly at the Hongmen Banquet, and while convincing The Hidden Dragon Chen Ping, they also awakened Crouching Tiger Han Xin, who was guarding outside the military tent.
Like Chen Ping, Han Xin was born in cloth. When he rebelled against Qin in Xiangliang, "the staff sword followed it." Notorious for his willingness to suffer the humiliation of his crotch, he was despised when he was under Xiang Liang, "notorious." After belonging to Xiang Yu, Xiang Yu also only appointed him as Lang Zhong (attendant official). Although Han Xin was "not as good as an official, but not as a commander", he had great military potential. Unwilling to sink, he repeatedly stated his strategy and tactics to Xiang Yu. Xiang Yu was extremely contemptuous of him, "Don't listen to words, don't paint." In order to realize his ambition, Han Xin had to swallow his anger for the time being and spend his days in the Chu camp, standing guard with those "guards of the cross", who were useless outside the Hongmen banquet and were knocked by Fan Duo.
Like Chen Ping, Han Xin personally saw liu Bang's team sincerely unite and fight with Xiang Yu's wisdom and courage, and finally found the direction of struggle, and after Liu Bang was crowned king of Han and entered Shu, he resolutely "returned to Han after death", and established a great feat of "supreme merit and no worldly achievement" for Liu Bang to seize the world's southern conquest and northern war.
Forcing Han Xin into Liu Bang's camp, this was the biggest pit that Xiang Yu had dug for himself during the Hongmen Feast, large enough to become a tomb large enough to bury himself.
Sixth, the afterglow is lingering
"At the end of the song, no one is seen, and there are several peaks on the river." Five years later, Qu exhausted the pit and Chu died in Hanxing. The sword and light sword shadow of the New Fenghong Gate had long since melted into the desert wind in the northwest wilderness. These pits dug by Xiang Yu during the Feast of the Hongmen Gate not only enabled the Hidden Dragon Crouching Tiger Chen Ping and Han Xin Yizhi to return to Han, but also caused the tiger generals Yingbu and JiBu, the strategist Zhou Yin, their allies Wu Rui and Zang Di to follow in their footsteps, and successively defected to Liu Bang's account and made concerted efforts to contribute to the destruction of Chu Xinghan.
If Xiang Yu knew that he had dug so many pits for suicide at the Hongmen Feast, he would definitely be overwhelmed. History will not give the parties a chance to regret, but it will leave room for future generations to ponder.
Therefore, successful people in any field will take precautions on the road of struggle, make up for the past, and sum up lessons learned, and then step by step and difficult to reach the peak of success.
(Liu Bang)
Attached: Hongmen Feast starring and supporting roles ending:
Xiang Yu: In January 202 BC, the soldiers were defeated and killed in Wujiang, only thirty years old.
Liu Bang: In February of the same year, he was proclaimed emperor at the age of 54 in Dingtao, Shandong (present-day northern Cao County, Shandong).
Fan Zeng: "Han used Chen Ping's plan, and Xiang Yu suspected that Fan Zeng had an affair with Han and slightly seized his power." Fan Zeng resigned angrily, "returning to Pengcheng, dying of gangrene", and ended on the stage of history.
Xiang Zhuang: Because Xiang Bo danced with him, he did not find a good opportunity to assassinate, and because the killing instruction came from Fan Zeng, he did not return in vain. Subsequently, he loyally followed Xiang Yu in battle and died in Wujiang.
Xiang Bo: First he had the grace of salvation for Liu Bang, and then he had the virtue of drawing his sword and "shielding his wings". Liu Bang claimed that the empress dowager gave him the surname of Liu and made him the Marquis of Sheyang. The "about marriage" that Zhang Liang witnessed with Liu Bang at that time was not resolved.
Chen Ping: Assisted Liu Bang to "use his strange strategy to destroy Chu", repeatedly became an official to the rank of chancellor, and "ended with honor and honor, and was called a virtuous minister." ”
Han Xin: First destroyed Xiang Yu with a ten-sided ambush plan, changed the title of King of Chu, and then degraded the Marquis of Huaiyin, "with the merits of the world, there is no way to know what to do", and the three tribes were wiped out for treason.
Zhang Liang: When he "divided the seals of Bashang" after the Feast of the Hongmen Gate, he "invited Hanzhongdi for the King of Han" and made a miraculous contribution to Liu Bang's seizure of the world. Liu Bang spoke highly of his "strategic planning and planning, decisive victory over thousands of miles away." ”
Fan Duo, Xiahou Bao, Jin Qiang, and Ji Xin: The four generals who escorted Liu Bang to escape after the Hongmen banquet. In the Battle of Xingyang, Ji Xin was posthumously awarded the title of The General City Of the Thirteen Provinces by Liu Bang for pretending to be Liu Bang's generous substitute for death, enjoying human fireworks, and was known as "Gong Gai Sanjie, An Han Alone"; the remaining three were all marquises.
【About the author】Xu Yunhui, male, graduated from the Department of Chinese of Yunnan Normal University in 1984 and is now a senior lecturer at Baoshan No.1 Middle School Education Group in Yunnan Province. He has published two monographs and published more than 500,000 words in literary journals at or above the provincial level.
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