74 years ago today (October 6, 1945), General Long Yun, a second-class General of the Kuomintang known as the "King of Yunnan", was calculated by Chiang Kai-shek! Jiang successfully relieved Long Yun of his military powers by force and put Long Yun under house arrest, which was 3 years. Later, with the help of General Chennault, the commander of the Flying Tiger Brigade of the United States Air Force, he successfully escaped Chiang Kai-shek's control, fled to Hong Kong, and declared a break with Chiang Kai-shek in Hong Kong, and successfully persuaded his cousin General Lu Han, who was then the chairman of the Kuomintang Yunnan Province, to revolt, allowing Yunnan to be peacefully liberated.
After the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, why did Chiang Kai-shek calculate and put Long Yun under house arrest? How did Chiang Kai-shek succeed in tricking Long Yun and disarming him?
Let's go back 74 years and look at this unusual history.
Long Yun, who was born in the Yi ethnic group
The early experiences were extraordinary
On November 19, 1884, Long Yun was born in Xiayingpan, Songle Village, En'anYanshan District, Yunnan Province, to a family of Yi landlords who retained remnants of slavery.
(Long Yun in his youth)
In 1890 (the sixteenth year of Qing Guangxu), after the death of Long Yun's father, his mother returned to his mother's house, Long Yun went to live in the family of his uncle Long Deyuan, and his cousin Lu Han was sent to Zhaotong City to study, followed the Famous Sichuan martial artist Ma Desheng and others in Zhao to practice martial arts, and became acquainted with Zou Ruoheng, a native of Yongshan County, and the three became brothers, and were known as the "Three Musketeers of Zhaotong".
In May 1912, Long Yun and his cousin Lu Han entered the 4th phase of the Yunnan Army Lecture Hall to study cavalry. At the end of 1914, Long Yun graduated from the Lecture Hall and was assigned to the Zhaotong Independent Battalion as a lieutenant platoon leader.
On December 25, 1915, after the outbreak of the Yunnan Protectorate Uprising, Cai Yi transferred Tang Jiyao's entourage to Zou Ruoheng, and on the recommendation of his brother Zou Ruoheng, Tang Jiyao transferred Long Yun to serve as a lieutenant's aide-de-camp in the Deputy Governor's Office of Yunnan. Since then, he has entered Tang Jiyao's inner circle. And was appreciated by Tang Jiyao.
In February 1921, Gu Pinzhen expelled Tang Jiyao during a warlord melee. Long Yun escorted Tang Jiyao to Mengzi. Tang Weilong was the commander of the 11th Regiment of the Guards and was stationed in the Mengzi area. In the autumn, Long Yun marched into Guangxi and became the former enemy commander of Li Youxun's brigade. In December, Tang Jiyao reorganized the Dian army in Guangxi into four armies, and Long Yun was the former enemy commander of Li Youxun's First Army, and led his troops back to Dian to attack Gu Pinzhen.
(Long Yun, commander of the Fifth Army and an envoy to Kunming Town)
In February 1922, Tang Jiyao led troops back to Yunnan to expel Gu Pinzhen, and Li Youxun was killed on the way to Guangxi, and Tang WeiLongyun was appointed acting commander of the First Army. In March, Gu Pinzhen was killed in battle, Tang Jiyao recaptured Yunnan, returned to Kunming to regain power, and appointed Longyun as the commander of the Fifth Army and the town guard of central Yunnan (Kunming).
Dissatisfied with Tang Jiyao's cruel rule
Launched the "February 6" coup
Inverted Don
On February 6, 1927, dissatisfied with Tang Jiyao's rule, Long Yun, Together with Hu Ruoyu, Zhang Ruji, and Li Xuanting, the four town guards, jointly forced Tang to step down and launched the "26th" coup d'état, overthrowing Tang Jiyao's 14-year rule in Yunnan. On February 22, the Yunnan Provincial Affairs Committee was established, and Long Yun and nine others were members of the Provincial Council.
On June 14, Hu Ruoyu launched the "June 14" coup d'état and sent troops to surround Longyun's residence, longyun's left eye was injured by glass shards, and was captured by Hu Ruoyu, Zhang Ruji and others.
At this time, Chiang Kai-shek's Nanjing government simultaneously appointed Long Yun as the commander of the Thirty-eighth Army of the "National Revolutionary Army" and Hu Ruoyu as the commander of the Thirty-ninth Army. After Long Yun was imprisoned, Hu Ying temporarily took over as the commander of the Thirty-eighth Army and led Long Yun's troops to counterattack. On July 24, Hu Ruoyu and his troops left Kunming and released Long Yun when they arrived at Dabanqiao, the eastern suburbs of Kunming, and Hu and Long reached a "Banqiao Agreement". On July 25, Hu Ying led his troops into Kunming. On August 13, Long Yun returned to Kunming and took over as commander of the 38th Army and acting chairman of the Yunnan Provincial Affairs Committee.
(Long Yun, chairman of the Kuomintang Yunnan Provincial Government)
On January 17, 1928, the Nanjing government appointed Long Yun as the chairman of the Yunnan Provincial Government, laying the foundation for Long Yun's rule in Yunnan.
Resolutely resisted the Japanese and sent 40,000 troops north
1,000 kilometers of Myanmar roads were repaired in 9 months
On July 7, 1937, Japan launched a full-scale war of aggression against China. In August 1937, after Long Yun returned to Kunming after attending the "National Defense Conference" in Nanjing, he immediately convened local military and political leaders to discuss the plan to resist Japan and save the country, and decided to further equip the Dian army and devote all the Dian divisions to the anti-Japanese front. He said: "The situation is very critical, we must make rapid and full preparations ourselves, everyone must have the determination to resist the war, there is the Eighth Route Army in the north, and many friends in the southern provinces are also actively supporting the anti-Japanese resistance. In 28 days, Long Yun temporarily organized more than 40,000 of his subordinate units into the Sixty Army, which was led by Commander Lu Han. On September 9, at Kunming Wujiaba, the Oath Division set out for the north and rushed to the anti-Japanese front.
(Chiang Kai-shek received Long Yun in August 1937)
In August 1937, the Japanese army blockaded China's coastal ports and prevented Aid from entering China. Under the banner of the Anti-Japanese National United Front, Long Yun suggested to the Kuomintang central government: "International transportation should be prepared as early as possible, and immediately and simultaneously begin the construction of transportation construction such as the Yunnan Burma Railway, the Yunnan Burma Highway and the construction of the airport, and directly connect to the Indian Ocean." In November, the Executive Yuan of the Kuomintang government formally ordered Long Yun to be responsible for building the Burma Highway within a one-year period. Kunming to Hatocho, the total length of 959.4 km. More than 200,000 migrant workers were invested in day and night repairs, and in only 9 months, the entire line was completed at the end of August 1938.
In the spring of 1938, Long Yun once again organized the Dian Army to participate in the War of Resistance, and the 58th Army led by The army commander Sun Du rushed to Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi and other places to resolutely resist the Japanese.
Advocating democracy offended Chiang Kai-shek
After the victory of the War of Resistance, he was calculated by old Chiang Kai-shek
Under the influence of Luo Longji, a famous Chinese political activist, democrat and founder of the China Democratic League, Long Yun ran counter to the decrees of the Nationalist government, and the power of the Democratic League expanded in Yunnan, and Kunming became a famous "fortress of democracy".
In the autumn of 1943, he returned to his hometown of Zhaotong to talk about democracy and oppose dictatorship. In October, the Southern Bureau of the CPC Central Committee sent Huagang (pseudonym Lin Shaohou) to Yunnan to contact Long Yun and carry out united front work.
In May 1944, Southwest Union University held a "May Fourth" symposium, and He Yingqin asked Long Yun to suppress it, but Long Yun politely refused.
With the support of Long Yun, in 1945 Kunming established the "China Democratic Youth League", "Democratic Workers League" and "New Democratic League", advocating democracy and actively carrying out the student movement.
In July 1945, Long Yun agreed to set up a sales office of the CCP's Xinhua Daily newspaper at No. 31 Qingyun Street in Kunming to sell the semi-monthly magazines Xinhua Daily and the Masses, and the Democratic League organ newspaper Democracy Weekly, which was also sold in Kunming.
(Long Yun with family)
It was these policies of advocating democracy that offended Chiang Kai-shek. After the victory of the War of Resistance, Chiang Kai-shek began to calculate Longyun and successfully disarmed Longyun by force.
On August 15, 1945, Japan announced its unconditional surrender. In September, Chiang Kai-shek ordered Long Yun's main force, the First Front, to march into Vietnam and surrender. Then secretly order du Yuming to take advantage of the emptiness of Yunnan and solve Long Yun by force.
In the early morning of October 3, Du Yuming and his troops suddenly occupied the key areas of Kunming and led the army to attack Longyun's residence, and Longyun woke up like a dream, but it was too late. Emperor Canghuang fled to Mount Wuhua, surrounded by only two companies of guard troops to resist, and sent a telegram to the whole territory of Yunnan, ordering his subordinates to "Qin Wang". However, at this time, the communication had been cut off by Du Yuming's troops, and the telegram could not be sent. The next day, Du Yuming sent someone to send Chiang Kai-shek's ultimatum to Long Yun, who was on a strange road, and relieved him of all his posts as chairman of the Kunming military commission and the Yunnan provincial government; Du Yuming was responsible for receiving the Yunnan troops to which Long Yun belonged.
On October 6, 1945, Long Yun was forced to leave Yunnan by plane for Chongqing, and although he was appointed president of the Military Council and the Military Senate, he was in fact placed under house arrest. Since then, Long Yun has ended his 18-year rule over Yunnan.
Endured three years of humiliation and took the opportunity to escape
Declare the uprising to contribute to new China
After being put under chiang kai-shek's actual house arrest for 3 years. On December 8, 1948, with the help of General Chennault, the famous captain of the Flying Tigers of the United States Air Force and the captain of the relief and relief bureau airlift brigade, Long Yun flew from Nanjing to Guangzhou via Shanghai in a commercial plane of Chennault, and then left for Hong Kong, successfully escaping Chiang Kai-shek's control. Soon after, he made a long speech, openly attacked Chiang Kai-shek's conspiracy, joined the Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang in Hong Kong, and repeatedly sent people to Yunnan to persuade his cousin Lu Han, who was then the chairman of Yunnan Province, to revolt. On August 13, 1949, together with Huang Shaohu and 44 others, he issued a statement in Hong Kong entitled "Our Understanding and Propositions on the Chinese Revolution at the Present Stage," expressing a complete break with Chiang Kai-shek.
On September 21, 1949, the Chinese Political Consultative Conference was convened, and Long Yun was listed as a special representative (unable to attend the meeting). On October 1, New China was born, and Long Yun was elected as a member of the Central People's Government. In January 1950, Long Yun traveled from Hong Kong to Beijing and was appointed as a member of the Central People's Government, a member of the People's Revolutionary Military Commission, a vice chairman of the Southwest Military and Political Committee, and a vice chairman of the Southwest Administrative Committee. Since then, he has been elected as a member of the Standing Committee of the First National People's Congress, vice chairman of the National Defense Commission, a member of the Standing Committee of the Second and Third National Committees of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, a member of the Second Central Committee of the Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang, a vice chairman of the Third Central Committee, and a member of the Fourth Central Standing Committee.
On June 27, 1962, he died of acute myocardial infarction in Beijing at the age of 78.
After the death of General Long Yun, Premier Zhou Enlai's appraisal of him was: During the years of His lifetime, Mr. Long Yun made three important contributions and meritorious deeds to the country: First, he made contributions and meritorious contributions to China's democratic revolution; second, he opposed Chiang Kai-shek's personal dictatorship and made meritorious contributions; third, throughout the War of Resistance Against Japan, he resolutely supported until victory and meritorious service.
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