Li Dongyang
"Wenzheng" is one of the highest titles given by the emperor after the death of his courtiers, and Zeng Guofan of the Qing Dynasty was given the title of "Wenzheng" after his death because he had given his life to the Great Qing dynasty and made great merits. However, Li Dongyang, the first assistant of the Ming Dynasty Zhengde, assisted the eunuch Liu Jin in abuse, and was a very controversial figure, and he actually received the nickname of "Wenzheng". Is his "Wenzheng" injected with water?
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" >, young Li Dongyang</h1>
Li Dongyang (1447-1516) was born in Hunan, but was born in Beijing and was a full-fledged imperial capital. The "History of Ming" said that Li Dongyang was a child prodigy when he was a child, "at the age of four, he could make a ruler book", read ten lines at a glance, and never forgot it. Li Dongyang's literary attainment is extremely high, "the articles he has written have gone all over the world", but he is humble, never arrogant, and he is not famous for this, and the "History of Ming" calls him "humble chong".
At that time, Emperor Daizong also personally summoned the young Li Dongyang and loved him very much. After the age of 6, Li Dongyang relied on the emperor's appreciation to enter the Shun Tianfu School. After the restoration of Emperor Yingzong, Li Dongyang, who was only 16 years old, was lifted up and went to work at the Hanlin Academy.
Yingzong Zhu Qizhen in the Biography of the Female Doctor Mingfei
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > second, Li Dongyang in the cabinet</h1>
By the time of Emperor Xiaozong, Li Dongyang, an old minister of the Three Dynasties and in his prime, finally rose above the court. Emperor Xiaozong formed a cabinet with Liu Jian, Li Dongyang, and Xie Qian, and Li Dongyang was specifically responsible for cultivating talents and taking soldiers from the imperial court. These three people are all well-educated people and upright gentlemen, and their cooperation is one of the important reasons for Emperor Xiaozong's rise, and the "Famous Mountains and Treasures" calls the three people "sages".
Ming Xiaozong
Unexpectedly, Emperor Xiaozong died early, and his only son, Zhu Houzhao, who later emperor Wuzong, was the age of Fang Gang, and in order to prevent his son from acting hastily, Emperor Xiaozong appointed Liu, Li, and Xie as ministers before his death, and continued to rule the cabinet and be responsible for the operation of the empire.
Liu Jian, Li Dongyang
Emperor Wuzong ascended the throne at the age of 15, and although he was in the rebellious period, he was extremely assertive in his work. However, the cabinet was still accustomed to the restraint of imperial power during the Xiaozong period, and the cabinet also took a protest against the absurd orders issued by Emperor Wuzong. The young emperor found these senators very pedantic and very annoying.
Ming Wuzong Zhu Houzhao
< h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" > the rise of the Three and Eight Tigers</h1>
In Emperor Wuzong's extreme depression, eunuchs such as Liu Jin and Gu Dayong (i.e., the Eight Tigers) who were playmates in the Eastern Palace at that time immediately saw the needle. They followed Emperor Wuzong from the Eastern Palace, grew up in the East Palace, and accompanied the emperor, so they knew the emperor's interests and tastes very well. They would only obey and do exactly what the emperor wanted.
Eunuch Liu Jin
On the one hand, the Eight Tigers flattered the emperor and on the other hand tried their best to steal imperial power. To the emperor, the Eight Tigers fully displayed the slave side and tried to please; to the others, they were angry on the side of King Kong, condescending, arrogant, and doing no evil. As a result, the cabinet once joined forces with the Superintendent of Ceremonies to kill the Eight Tigers.
Four of the Eight Tigers
After receiving the news, the Eight Tigers preemptively attacked and cried to Emperor Wuzong overnight, framing the Superintendent of Ceremonies and the cabinet to jointly threaten the imperial power. Emperor Wuzong was "broken by a word", and also agreed with Liu Jin's saying that "dogs, horses, eagles, and dogs, what damage to ten thousand opportunities", once China and foreign countries are united, where will the emperor be placed? So change now!
Ming Wuzong
Liu, Li, and Xie all offered to resign when they saw the castration, but Emperor Wuzong only agreed to the resignation report of Liu and Xie, and promoted Li Dongyang to the position of first assistant. Why is only Li Dongyang able to stay in office?
That's because he was sleek, at that time, he asked to dispose of the Eight Tigers, Liu and Xie were going to kill, only Li Dongyang's attitude eased, Liu Jin learned of this situation, he felt that Li Dongyang was very knowledgeable, and there was a possibility of cooperation, so he left him to continue to decorate the façade, but it was precisely this sleek old man who eventually killed himself.
Xie Qian, Liu Jian (front row, first from left, second from left)
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > fourth, Liu Jin gained power, Li Dongyang curve to save the country</h1>
The head of the Eight Tigers was Liu Jin, and after the coup d'état, the cabinet was shuffled, and Li Dongyang, who did not dare to confront the Eight Tigers, led the cabinet, and Jiao Fang served as a second assistant. The History of Ming says: "Jiao Fang entered the cabinet to help the abuse... Dongyang is not ambitious, and entrusts snakes to avoid disasters. It can be seen that the cabinet at this time only takes the form, and the decision-making at home and abroad is in Liu Jin, and Liu Jin has become a complete "standing emperor". Li Dongyang, the first assistant of the cabinet, has no real name, but his title is empty, but it has become a shield for the castration party, and all kinds of dirty water is poured on Li Dongyang.
Xie Qian, Liu Jian, Jiao Fang
Li Dongyang had to adopt a two-handed strategy.
On the one hand, he had to do his best to marry Liu Jin, with thorough intentions. First of all, Li Dongyang gave up the power to prepare the first auxiliary vote, and the cabinet decision was completely in accordance with Liu Jin's wishes. According to the "Emperor Ming Tongji", Li Dongyang's cabinet decisions were "retrospective of Jinyi ... Then write", met to ask Liu Jin in advance. Secondly, li Dongyang fully supported Liu Jin's proposal and had absolutely no objections. The third is to offer rainbow farts, Liu Jin once built a Taoist temple on the outskirts of Beijing, and Li Dongyang rushed to carve a stone stele of his own handwriting for others, and the inscription was extremely flattering.
On the other hand, Li Dongyang really achieved the goal of saving the country by curve, and he tried his best to maintain the thoughtfulness of the upright soldiers under the condition of Mingzhe's protection. Liu Jin was in charge and mutilated Zhongliang, and Li Dongyang could not save them all, but tried his best to minimize or correct the losses.
For example, in the fourth year of Zhengde (1509), Liu Jin wanted to take revenge on Liu Jian and Xie Qian, arresting them and raiding their homes. Li Dongyang privately tried his best to persuade Liu Jin, and in exchange for depriving Liu Xie of all honors, Liu Jin let them go. In addition, Li Dongyang saved a large number of righteous people, including Yang Yiqing.
Yang Yiqing in "Zhengde Yanyi"
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > five, rainy and sunny</h1>
Liu Jin did nothing evil, and the capital of his fortune was a hell that everyone feared, and Liu Jin's power was so great that hundreds of officials were silenced. Instead of erupting in silence, it perished in silence, and finally in the fifth year of Zhengde (1510), the king of Ningxia rebelled in the name of Liu Jin, and the rebels once invaded Shaanxi. Emperor Wuzong was helpless, and at this time, Li Dongyang felt that the time was ripe, so he recommended Yang Yiqing to suppress the rebellion, and then made Zhang Yong, a eunuch who was extremely conflicted with Liu Jin, a supervisor of the army, thus starting a political struggle for Liu Jin.
Liu Jin
Li Dongyang had a life-saving grace for Yang Yiqing, and Yang became Li's confidant. Li Dongyang asked Yang Yiqing to do his best to befriend Zhang Yong and divide the eunuch camp, and Yang Yiqing followed the plan, and indeed pulled Zhang Yong to his side. After Zhang Yongping rebelled and returned to Beijing, he immediately exposed Liu Jin's theft of power to the emperor, and Liu Jin immediately fell out of favor and was arrested.
Li Dongyang was afraid that Liu Jin would be able to survive, so he opened a network that had not been touched for a long time, and the minister of the Joint Ministry, Shangshu, for a while, the song that exposed Liu Jin's guilt, like snowflakes, fell on Emperor Wuzong's royal case, and three days later, Liu Jin was sentenced to Ling Chi. After Liu Jin's death, Li Dongyang recalled the past events of "aiding and abetting abuse" and "seeking perfection by means of coercion" for many years, and he had no face to live in the temple again, so he resigned from the government.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > Wen Shijun said</h1>
Li Dongyang is a controversial figure, and this controversy continues to this day.
Praisers believe that Li Dongyang has the merit of saving the world and the ability to support the world, and it is Li Dongyang's appointment as the first assistant to minimize the loss, and Li Dongyang has completely planned to completely eradicate Liu Jin's situation. In Li Dongyang's later years, the emperor sent people to send condolences, and the condolence group was led by Yang Yiqing, and the members were all ministers who had survived by Li Dongyang's favor, and at this time they were already extremely popular ministers. On Li Dongyang's sickbed, he was worried about the nickname he might receive after his death, and the condolence group expressed his request to the elder ge to be relieved. The nickname is equivalent to the conclusion of the coffin, and there is no one who does not care about the official. After Li Dongyang's death, after these people vigorously persuaded him, the emperor gave him the nickname "Wenzheng". You must know that the first Wenzheng Duke of the Ming Dynasty, but Fang Xiaoru, thus raising Li Dongyang to the height of a great loyal minister.
And the detractors believe that Li Dongyang's commission to seek perfection and tolerate Liu Jin, the corpse is in the position of the first assistant, and is among the castrations, even Li Dongyang's student Luo Xuan said, "Liu Jin is chaotic, Li Dongyang is in violation of it", and is ashamed to be with Li.
< h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > resources</h1>
History of the Ming Dynasty, Zhonghua Bookstore, 2011.
Yi Xuanbo: "Review of Li Dongyang", Journal of Yunnan Normal University, No. 1, 2013.
(Author: Haoran Wenshi Purple Orange)
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