Excavation report of M279 and M288 of Dongyang Han Tomb Group in Xuyi, Jiangsu Province
Huai'an Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology Xuyi County Dayun Mountain HanWang Mausoleum Cultural Relics Protection And Management Institute
Summary: In April 2018, the Huai'an Museum and other units excavated two Han Dynasty tombs in Xuyi County, Huai'an City, Jiangsu Province. Both tombs are rectangular earthen pit vertical cave tombs, and glazed pottery, pottery, bronze, iron, lacquerware, jade and so on have been unearthed. The funerary utensils are relatively rich and exquisite, and the characteristics of the era are distinct, which adds new information to the study of the distribution range of dongyang Han tombs and the funerary customs of the residents of Dongyang City in the Han Dynasty.
Keywords: Dongyang Dayun mountain Western Han Tomb
The construction project of the Connection Line of Dayun Mountain Scenic Area is located in Yunshan Village, Maba Town, Xuyi County, Huai'an City, Jiangsu Province, in the northeast outside the ruins of Dongyang City, and is connected from the northernmost end of the Jinma Expressway Bridge on the west side of the Dongyang Interchange to the Nanling Wall of the Ruins Area of the Han Dynasty In The West Han Dynasty. From July 2017 to July 2018, the Huai'an Museum and the Cultural Relics Protection and Management Institute of the Han King's Mausoleum in Xuyi County formed a joint archaeological team to conduct archaeological exploration and excavation of the construction road. The Dongyang Han Tomb Group is the general name for the tombs found in the Jinma Expressway Project around the Tomb of Dayun Mountain and the Connecting Line Project of dayun Mountain Scenic Area, and is uniformly numbered. In April 2018, two tombs were rescued within the scope of the construction of the line, numbered M279 and M288 of the Dongyang Han Tomb Group (Figure 1). M279 is about 100 meters northwest of M288, M279 is located in a cypress forest, and M288 is located in a rice field. The excavations of the two tombs are described below.
Figure 1// Location map of M279 and M288 of Dongyang Han Tomb Group
I. M279
(1) Tomb shape system
M279 Rectangular earthen pit vertical burial tomb, the whole is in a north-south direction, in a direction of 19°. The tomb mouth is 0.2 meters from the surface, and the bottom of the tomb is 2.42 meters from the surface. The tomb is 2.6 meters long and 1.68 to 1.85 meters wide. The bottom of the tomb is 2.5 meters long and 1.6 to 1.77 meters wide. The soil in the tomb is filled with five-flower soil. One coffin after another, the wooden coffin is placed on the east side of the rafter room, and the west side of the coffin forms a side box to place the burial items. The length of the rafter chamber is 2.2 meters, the width is 1.08 meters, and the bottom plate is made of four wooden boards spliced together, which is well preserved, and the side plates are thinner and more severely decayed. The wooden coffin is made of whole wood, with a length of 2.1, a width of 0.65 meters, a thickness of 4 to 6 cm, and a wood of nan wood, which is well preserved and the cover is decayed. The inside of the coffin is red paint, and the outside of the coffin is black paint. The northern end of the coffin is placed with copper mirrors and jade bi fragments, the north end of the west side of the coffin is placed with glazed pottery, and the south end is placed with lacquerware, all of which are decayed into patent leather. No human bones exist (Figure 2; Seal II. 1).
(2) Excavated items
M279 unearthed a total of 13 artifacts, including 8 glazed pottery, 3 lacquerware, 1 bronze mirror and 1 jade.
1. Glazed pottery
Ding 2 pieces. The body is flatter, the mouth of the child, the pointed round lip, the oblique arc abdomen, the flat bottom, the lower three animal face pattern dwarf hoofed feet. Shoulder opposed micro-skimmed ear, rectangular ear hole, ear surface stenciliograph cirrus and short line pattern. The abdomen bulges with a folded edge. Bowl-shaped lid, slightly retracted, flat top, three breast nail-shaped low buttons. The outer wall of the cover, the abdomen of the ding, and the root of the foot are glazed with blue-yellow glaze, and the glaze is partially deglazed. M279..3, dark brown tire, the inner wall of the body has a wheel spiral pattern. Cover caliber 17, cover height 5.5, body diameter 15, bottom diameter 11.4, pass height 17.1 cm (Fig. 3: 1; cover 2: 2). M279..4, grey-brown tire. The inner wall of the lid has a production wheel spiral pattern, and the outer wall has two concave string patterns. Cover diameter 16.6, cover height 5.3, body diameter 14.5, bottom diameter 10.2, pass height 16.3 cm (Fig. 3: .2).
Fig. 2//M279 flat, cross-sectional view
1, 2.Glazed pottery box 3,4.Glazed pottery ding 5,6.Glazed pottery pot 7,8.Glazed pottery urn 9、10.Lacquer plate 11.Lacquer bottom fragment 12.Copper mirror 13.Jade bi fragment
Box of 2 pieces. The box body is flatter, the mother-daughter mouth, the oblique arc abdomen. Covered bowl-shaped lid, slightly retracted mouth, flat top. Gray-brown tires, the outer wall of the lid and the abdomen of the box are covered with a blue-yellow glaze, and they fall off partially. The inner wall of the body has a wheel spiral pattern. M279..1, pointed round lip, flat bottom. Lid caliber 16.5, lid height 4.5, cassette diameter 14.7, bottom diameter 11.4, pass height 13.2 cm (Fig. 3: .3). M279..2, slightly square lip, slightly concave bottom, slightly higher lid, three breast nail-shaped low buttons on the top. Cover caliber 17, cover height 5.6, box diameter 14.3, bottom diameter 11.5, pass height 14.1 cm (Fig. 3: 4; cover 2: 3).
Pot 2 pieces. Flared mouth, flat rim, long tunic neck, slippery shoulders, bulging belly, flat bottom, short circle foot. The shoulders are opposed to the leaf veined bridge-shaped ears. The abdomen and mouth of the body are glazed with blue-yellow glaze along the inner wall, and there is a partial flow glaze. The inner and outer walls have wheel swirls. M279..5, dark brown tire. Caliber 8.2, bottom diameter 13.1, maximum abdominal diameter 22.5, height 26.2 cm (Fig. 3: 5). M279..6, brown tire. Caliber 8.2, bottom diameter 12.3, maximum abdominal diameter 22.5, height 24.5 cm (Fig. 3: 6; seal II: 4).
Fig. 3//M279 excavated artifacts
1,2.Glazed pottery (M279..3,4) 3,4.Glazed pottery box(M279..1,2) 5,6.Glazed clay pot (M279..5,6) 7,8.Glazed pottery (M279..7,8) 9.Jade bi fragment (M279...13)
Urn 2 pieces. Small straight mouth, flat edge, slippery shoulders, bulging abdomen, flat bottom slightly concave. Shoulders are placed opposite the stenciled animal face with wide flat ears. Reddish-brown tires. The original blue-yellow glaze on the abdomen of the body has now fallen off. The inner and outer walls of the body have wheel swirls and scratches. M279..7, caliber 7.5, bottom diameter 16.3, maximum abdominal diameter 26.6, height 18.1 cm (Fig. 3: .7). M279..8, three concave chords on the shoulders. Caliber 7.8, base diameter 15.6, maximum abdominal diameter 26.4, height 17.5 cm (Fig. 3: 8; seal II: 5).
2. Lacquerware
All are badly decayed, leaving only patent leather and cannot be repaired. 2 pieces of paint plate and 1 piece of lacquerware bottom fragment. M279..11, the inner wall of the lacquer plate is covered with red paint, the bottom is black painted, and the zhu painting cloud pattern (seal II:.6).
3. Bronze
1 piece of copper mirror. M279..12, severely rusted, vaguely recognizable as a cockroach mirror. Diameter 8.7 cm.
4. Jade
1 piece of jade bi fragment. M279..13, green jade, grain grain. The length is 2.4, width is 2, and thickness is 0.5 cm (Fig. 3: 9).
II. M288
M288 Rectangular earthen pit vertical burial tomb, the whole is in a north-south direction, in a direction of 3°. The tomb mouth is 0.3 meters from the surface, and the bottom of the tomb is 3.4 meters from the surface. The tomb is 4 meters long and 1.93 to 2.1 meters wide, and the bottom of the tomb is 3.88 meters long and 1.77 to 1.9 meters wide. The tomb is filled with rammed earth. A double coffin, both decayed, leaving only traces. The two coffins are located in the middle of the rafters, the east coffin is 2.1 long and 0.6 meters wide, the west coffin is 2.15 long and 0.58 to 0.63 meters wide, and the two ends of the rafters are divided into head boxes and foot boxes. The inside of the coffin has red and black patent leather. The head and foot boxes are built with grey pottery and lacquerware, and two layers of glazed pottery are placed on the north side of the rafters. The lacquerware is badly decayed, leaving only traces of patent leather. The coffin contains mouthpieces, copper mirrors, iron swords, iron pin knives, copper upset, hooks, and jade fragments. The human bones are decayed into traces, and the head is north and south (Fig. 4; Seal III. ..1).
M288 unearthed a total of 58 artifacts, including glazed pottery 17, pottery 23, lacquerware 6, iron 3, bronze 6, jade 2, material ware 1 piece.
Ding 4 pieces. The body is flattened and drummed, the mouth of the mother and son, the abdomen is deeply curved, and there is a folded edge in the abdomen. Shoulder opposite outer skimming appendage, rectangular ear hole, ear face molded animal face pattern, lower three animal face pattern outer skimming dwarf hoof foot. Covered bowl-shaped lid, slightly closed mouth, flat top, three long breast nail-shaped buttons. The inner and outer walls of the body have a wheel spiral pattern, and the top of the lid is decorated with a concave string pattern. Dark brown tire, the abdomen and the outer wall of the lid are glazed with blue and yellow glaze, partially deglazed. M288..3, square lip, flat bottom, ear mutilation. The lid diameter is 20.1, the height of the cover is 9.8, the diameter of the body is 18.8, the diameter of the bottom is 12.8, and the height of the pass is 23.2 cm (Figure 5: .1). M288..7, pointed round lip, slightly concave bottom, slightly slender and elongated body. Cover diameter 20, cover height 8.2, body diameter 16.8, bottom diameter 12.8, pass height 23.1 cm (Fig. 5:.2). M288..8, square lip, slightly bulging abdomen, slightly concave at the bottom. The lid diameter is 20.2, the height of the cover is 9.4, the diameter of the body is 18.6, the bottom diameter is 13, and the height of the pass is 23.6 cm (Fig. 5:.3). M288..18, square lip, slightly concave at base. Cover caliber 20.6, cover height 8.6, body diameter 17.8, bottom diameter 12.6, height 22.7 cm (Fig. 5: 4; cover 3: .2).
Box of 4 pieces. 3 pieces with lids and 1 without lids. Box body female mouth, lips slightly square, slightly bulging shoulders, deep arc abdomen, flat bottom slightly concave. Upper cover bowl-shaped lid, slightly retracted mouth, low circle foot catcher. The inner and outer walls of the box are wheeled, and the lid is decorated with concave string patterns near the top. Brown tire, the outer wall of the lid and the shoulders of the box are decorated with blue-yellow glaze, partially deglazed. M288..1, without lid. Caliber 19.7, base diameter 11.7, height 15.2 cm (Fig. 5: 5). M288..2, lid top concave. Cover diameter 21.5, cover height 5.8, box diameter 19.5, bottom diameter 12.1, pass height 19.8 cm (Fig. 5: 6; cover 3: 3). M288..5, lid diameter 21.6, lid height 5.9, box diameter 19.9, bottom diameter 11.5, pass height 20.6 cm (Fig. 5: 7). M288..16, slightly convex at the top of the lid. Lid caliber 21.4, lid height 6.5, box diameter 18.9, bottom diameter 11.4, pass height 21.2 cm (Fig. 5: .8).
Pot 4 pieces. The shape is the same. Flared mouth, pointed round lip, flat along the slightly outward oblique, long tunic neck, slippery shoulders, bulging abdomen, lower abdomen obliquely retracted, flat bottom, micro-outer skimming dwarf circle foot. The shoulders are opposed to the bridge-shaped ears, and the ear surface is molded with leaf veins and cirrus patterns. The shoulders are decorated with water ripples and concave string patterns, and the inner and outer walls of the pot body have wheels. Dark brown tires, the abdomen and mouth of the body are applied with blue-yellow glaze along the inner wall, partially deglazed. M288..4, caliber 10.7, bottom diameter 13.4, maximum abdominal diameter 26.3, height 34.5 cm (Fig. 5..9; seal III: .4). M288:11, caliber 10.2, bottom diameter 12.2, maximum abdominal diameter 26.3, height 35.5 cm (Fig. 5: 10). M288..19, mutilated mouth rim, stamped on shoulder. Bottom diameter 12.8, maximum abdominal diameter 26.7, residual height 32.9 cm (Fig. 5: 11).
Urn 4 pieces. The shape is the same. Short straight mouth, flat edge, slightly inverted along the surface, slippery shoulder, bulging abdomen, oblique lower abdomen, flat bottom slightly concave. Shoulders are placed opposite the stenciled animal face with wide flat ears. Epaulettes are water rippled, concave and stamped. The outer wall of the body has a wheel spiral pattern. Dark brown tires, the original blue-yellow glaze on the abdomen of the body, is now mostly off-glaze. M288..12, caliber 10.6, bottom diameter 15.1, maximum abdominal diameter 31.5, height 25.2 cm (Fig. 5: 12; cover 3: 5). M288..15, caliber 10.1, bottom diameter 13.7, maximum abdominal diameter 29.7, height 23.9 cm (Fig. 5: 13). M288:17, caliber 8.9, bottom diameter 14.6, maximum abdominal diameter 31.2, height 25.8 cm (Fig. 5: 14).
Lid 1 pcs. M288..20, bowl-shaped cover, slightly retracted mouth, flat top, top with a low circle foot catcher. The near top is decorated with two concave string patterns. Gray-brown tires, the original blue-yellow glaze on the surface of the instrument, is now mostly deglazed. Caliber 21.4, height 6 cm (Fig. 5: 15).
2. Pottery
All are gray pottery, the main utensils are ding, box, pot, pot, cymbal, bean, lid, etc., but because most of the pottery tire is thin and fragile, the shape is not recognizable, the complete utensils that can be repaired are few, and some utensils such as clay pots only repair the lid.
Fig. 4//M288 flat, cross-sectional view
1,2,5,16.Glazed pottery box 3,7,8,18.Glazed pottery pot 4,6,11,19.Glazed pottery pot 9.Pottery bowl 10.Pottery lid 12,14,15,17.Glazed pottery 13,37.Bronze mirror 20.Glazed pottery lid 21.Amphora jar 22,23 Pottery box 24,28,30.Grey pottery jar 25.Residual flow 26、51.Copper pot 27、31.Pottery ding 29、32—36.Lacquerware 38.Mouth Han 39.Copper hammer 40、 41.Iron sword 42.Jade bi fragment 43,47,54,55.Clay pot 44,49,50.Clay pot lid 45,48.Tao Gong 46.Tao Bean 52.鐎盉 53.Pottery cup 56.Iron sharpener 57.Jade ornament 58.Copper belt hook
Fig. 5//M288 unearthed glazed pottery
1—4.鼎(M288..3、7、8、18) 5—8.Box(M288..1、2,5,16) 9—11.Pot(M288..4、11、19) 12—14.瓿(M288..12、15、17)15.Lid(M288...20)
Amphora 1 piece. M288..21, open, round lip, long neck micro-bundle, curved shoulders, folded abdomen, lower abdomen obliquely retracted, flat bottom micro-concave. Perforated lugs at shoulders. Caliber 10.2, base diameter 12, maximum abdominal diameter 21.3, height 18.5 cm (Fig. 6: 1).
Bowl 1 piece. M288..9, short straight mouth, pointed round lip, folded shoulders, folded abdomen, lower abdomen obliquely retracted, flat bottom. Caliber 7.5, base diameter 3.9, maximum abdominal diameter 10.9, height 5.5 cm (Fig. 6: 2).
Small jar 3 pieces. M288..28, above the abdomen, bulging abdomen, lower abdomen obliquely retracted, flat bottom. Bottom diameter 10.4, residual height 10 cm (Fig. 6: 3). M288..30, stump above the abdomen, obliquely retracted lower abdomen, flat bottom. Base diameter 9.8, residual height 7.3 cm (Fig. 6: 4). M288..24, Failed to fix.
Pot 6 pieces, only 1 piece of the bottom and 3 pieces of lid repair. M288..43, above the abdomen, obliquely retracted lower abdomen, flat bottom, false circle foot. Bottom diameter 10.7, residual height 11.9 cm (Fig. 6: 5). The 3-piece lid is the same shape, rounded, rounded, rounded, gray tire, thin tire wall, and a folded edge near the inner wall. M288: 44, caliber 9.7, height 1.6 cm (Fig. 6: 6). M288: 49, caliber 9.1, height 1.8 cm (Fig. 6: .7). M288:50, caliber 14.3, height 2.5 cm (Fig. 6: 8).
Cup 1 piece. M288..53, extravagant mouth, pointed round lip, obliquely straight adduction of the abdominal wall, low pie-shaped base. Caliber 7.6, base diameter 5.3, height 10.8 cm (Fig. 6: 9).
Fig. 6//M288 excavated pottery
1.Amphora jar (M288...21) 2.Bowl (M288...9) 3,4.Small can (M288..28,30) 5.Pot (M288...43) 6,7,8.Lid (M288..44,49,50)9.Cup(M288...53) 10,11.Box (M288..22,23) 12.钫(M288...48) 13.Animal Face Shop Ear(M288...48) 14. (M288...52) 15.Residual flow (M288...25) 16.Lid (M288...10) 17.Bean handle (M288...46)
Box of 2 pieces. The shape is the same, and the vessel has a black pottery coat. Box body crippled, not fully repaired, curved abdomen, lower abdomen obliquely retracted, circle foot micro-skimming. Curved lid with a convex ridge on top of the lid and four concave chords on the outer wall. M288..22, box bottom diameter 9.2, residual height 10.9 cm, lid diameter 18.7, height 4.3 cm (Fig. 6: 10). M288..23, box bottom diameter 9.8, residual height 5.8 cm, cover diameter 19.2, height 5.3 cm (Fig. 6: 11).
2 pieces of skeletonium, only 1 piece of the bottom of the device is repaired. M288..48, remnants above the middle of the abdomen, obliquely retracted in the lower abdomen, dwarf circle foot is pseudo-circle foot shape. Animal face pattern paving head. Base diameter 14.6, residual height 17.9 cm (Fig. 6: 12, 13).
1 piece of 鐎盉。 M288..52, flat spherical abdomen, a convex ridge on the shoulder and abdomen, and a residual mouth. On one side of the body there is a beast-headed flow, which has a handle at an angle of 90° with a stalk and a rectangular section. Three dwarf pointed feet. Residual diameter 7.4, maximum abdominal diameter 15.6, residual height 10.4 cm (Fig. 6: 14).
Residual flow 1 piece. M288..25, mutilated, unrepared, only the port part remains. The stream is head-shaped, nearly rounded, with a long neck and hollow. The length of the remnant is 15.3 cm, the length of the mouth is 3.8 cm, and the short diameter is 3.2 cm (Fig. 6: 15).
Lid 1 pcs. M288..10, bowl-shaped lid, mouth, round lip, flat concave. Caliber 16.4, height 5.1 cm (Fig. 6: 16).
1 piece of beans. M288..46, only partially repaired bean handles. Long handle, hollow, lower flared. The length of the residue is 13.8 cm (Fig. 6: 17).
3. Lacquerware
6 pieces of lacquerware, all decayed into traces, can not be extracted. Judging from the traces, the main types of instruments are plates, boxes, etc.
4. Ironware
2 pieces of swords. Both are severely decayed. M288..40, remnants of copper lattices and a small number of sword bodies. The length is 5.5, the maximum width is 5.1, and the thickness is 1.5 cm (Fig. 7: 1). M288..41, copper lattice, stem remnant, sword body section is flat oval. The length of the residue is 42.3, the maximum width is 4, and the thickness is 0.7 cm (Fig. 7: 2).
Fig. 7//M288 excavated artifacts
1.2.Iron sword(M288..40、41) 3.Iron sharpener (M288...56) 4.Copper mirror (M288...37) 5.Copper belt hook (M288...58) 6、7.Jade bi fragment (M288..42-1, 42-2)8.Jade ornament (M288...57)
1 cutter. M288..56, residual, severely rusted, trapezoidal section. The length of the residue is 22.7, the thickness is 0.7, and the maximum width is 1.6 cm (Fig. 7: 3).
5. Bronze
Mirror 2 pieces. M288..13, decayed into copper slag, unrecognizable. M288..37, Nebula Mirror, Circle, Lianfeng Button, Round Button Seat, The seat is divided into two groups of ornaments with a convex line circle, and the outer circle is decorated with sixteen arcs inward, and the inner circle is decorated with six sets of arc patterns. Wide rim, the inner edge of the circle is decorated with sixteen introverted arcs. The mating edge is decorated with two convex chord patterns, interspersed with seven nebula patterns and milk nail patterns, and there are four groups of milk nails, and a large milk nail is surrounded by 8 small milk nails, separated by a single-line cross pattern. The seven-star cloud pattern is connected by an arc of three lines. A total of 64 nipple nails form nebula bands. Diameter 14 cm (Fig. VII.
1 piece with hook. M288..58, rusty, hook head mutilation, smaller shape, round belly, back with a button, residual long oval. Length 3.3, width 1.4, height 1.3 cm (Fig. 7: 5).
Copper basin 2 pieces. It was so badly decayed that it could not be repaired.
Upsetting 1 piece. It was so badly decayed that it could not be repaired.
6. Jade
Jade Bi fragments A group of 2 pieces, all of which are small fragments intercepted on the jade bi, green and white jade, and the front and back are decorated with grain patterns. M288: 42-1, length 3.3, width 2.4, thickness 0.7 cm (Fig. 7: 6). M288:.42-2, partially gray-black. Length 3, width 1.1, thickness 0.7 cm (Fig. 7: 7).
1 piece of jade ornaments. M288: 57, white jade, semi-tubular. Length 1.7, width 1.7, thickness 0.7 cm (Fig. 7: 8).
III. Conclusion
M279 and M288 are small tombs, and their tomb shape is a typical earth pit vertical cave wooden tomb in the Western Han Dynasty, and the excavated artifacts mainly include groups of glazed pottery, boxes, pots, urns and other utensils, which is also the most common combination of utensils in the Western Han Dynasty, often with the characteristics of ceremonial instruments. M279 is a single coffin, and the outside of the coffin forms a side box where the utensils are placed. The glazed pottery M279..7 and 8 have the same styling characteristics as the M20...2[1] of Wangzhuang Village, Huai'an, Jiangsu and the M17...21[2] of The Great Cloud Mountain Tomb of Xuyi, Jiangsu, with a relatively flat drum and the largest diameter located on the upper part of the abdomen. The glazed pottery pot M279...3 and 4, the glazed pottery pot M279..5 and 6, and there are also similar vessels in the M16 and M17[3] of the King's Tomb of Dayun Mountain (such as the glazed pottery ding M16.23, M17..23, glazed pottery pot M16..11). The above-mentioned comparable tombs are all in the early Western Han Dynasty, so the judgment of the M279 should be the early Western Han Dynasty, and the age of the bronze mirror with the burial is also consistent with this judgment.
M288 is a double coffin burial tomb with head and foot boxes at both ends of the chamber. Large quantities of grey pottery and lacquerware are buried in the head and foot boxes, while glazed pottery is placed at the north end of the rafters and stacked in two layers. Among them, 4 pieces of glazed pottery are unified, and the jiangsu Xuyi Xiaoyunshan M7e...11, 1[4] are the same as the three-long breast nail button bowl-shaped cover, the body is placed on the outside of the ear, and the bottom is attached to the characteristics of the three animal faces and the outer skimming of the short hoofed foot, and the age should be basically the same. In addition, other glazed pottery can also be found in the tomb of the same type of vessel, such as glazed clay pot M288..4 and Xiaoyunshan M7e...5, glazed pottery box M288..16 and Xiaoyunshan M7e..7. Xiaoyunshan M7 is the middle of the Western Han Dynasty, so the M288 glazed pottery age should be the middle of the Western Han Dynasty. Along with the glazed pottery, there is also a batch of gray pottery, most of which are thin tires, which should be imitation copper pottery specially made with burial. Among them, the clay pot M288...43 and the Jiangsu Pizhou Bushangcun M22...2 are both high false circle feet, the pottery box M288..23 and the bushangcun M22...1 are arc bottom dwarf circle feet, and the Bushangcun M22[5] is the early Western Han Dynasty. In addition, the Tao Lulu M288..52 is the same as the Anhui Lu'an Shilipu D1M19...37, the animal face shop head ear M288...48 is consistent with the Shilipu D1M17..1 ear characteristics, and the Shilipu D1M17 and M19[6] eras are both in the early Western Han Dynasty. Therefore, the grey pottery age in M288 should be roughly in the early Western Han Dynasty, slightly earlier than the glazed pottery age. In summary, the overall age of M288 should be set as the middle of the Western Han Dynasty.
Buried in the M288 Western Coffin are nebulous bronze mirrors, which were generally popular in the middle of the Western Han Dynasty, at the same time as the glazed pottery. The glazed pottery is basically piled in the tomb filling soil, and the lower glazed pottery is still stacked on top of the tomb filling soil, rather than placed at the bottom of the tomb, which may indicate that the M288 west coffin is buried later than the M288 east coffin, the west coffin is buried with glazed pottery, and the east coffin is gray pottery. In addition, the east coffin is buried with an iron sword, which may be male, and the western coffin is female, and the tomb should belong to the same cave tomb.
There are a large number of Han Dynasty tombs distributed outside the site of Dongyang City, such as Xiaoyunshan in the north[7], the Tomb of The King of Dayunshan in the northeast[8], miaotang in the south[9], and Beigang in Anhui [10] in the southeast, all of which have undergone archaeological excavations. The two tombs excavated this time are located about 700 meters north of Dongyang City, which undoubtedly adds new materials to the study of the distribution range of Dongyang Han tombs and the nature of Dongyang City ruins, as well as the funerary customs and material culture of residents.
Team Leader: Hu Bing
Discovery: Xue Lingling, Zhao Libo, Wang Junlai, Liu Xianfeng
Picture: Xue Lingling Ding Qiuyu
Repair: Zhao Zhang, Zhao Youliang
Author: Hu Bing, Xue Lingling
[1] Hu Bing, "The Discovery and Research of han tombs in Wangzhuang Village, Huai'an, Jiangsu Province: A Discussion on the Han Dynasty Mound Tombs in Huai'an Area", Southeast Culture, No. 5, 2016.
[2] Nanjing Museum, Xuyi County Wenguang New Bureau: "Funerary Tomb of the Eastern District of the Hanjiangdu King's Mausoleum in Dayun Shanxi, Xuyi County, Jiangsu Province", Archaeology, No. 10, 2013.
[3] Same as [2].
[4] Nanjing Museum, Huaiyin Museum, Xuyi County Museum: "Excavation Report of The Western Han Tomb No. 67 xiaoyunshan in Xuyi", Southeast Culture, No. 11, 2002.
[5] Xuzhou Museum, Pizhou Museum: "Briefing on the Excavation of Four Western Han Tombs in Bushang Village, Pizhou, Jiangsu Province", Central Plains Cultural Relics, No. 1, 2018.
[6] Anhui Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology: "Tomb of No. 1 Mound in Shilipu, Lu'an City, Anhui Province", Archaeology, No. 2, 2017.
[7] a. Tong[4]; b. Xuyi County Museum: "Han Tomb No. 1, Xiaoyunshan, Dongyang, Jiangsu Province", Cultural Relics, No. 5, 2004.
[8] a. Nanjing Museum, Xuyi County Wenguang New Bureau: "Tomb No. 1 of the Tomb of The King Tomb of Hanjiangdu in Dayun Shanxi, Xuyi County, Jiangsu Province", Archaeology, No. 10, 2013; b. "Briefing on the Excavation of the Tomb no. 2 of Jiangdu Wangling in Dayunshan, Xuyi, Jiangsu", Cultural Relics, No. 1, 2013; c. "Funerary Tomb of the Tomb of the King Tomb of Hanjiangdu In the Western HanjiangDu District of Xuyi County, Jiangsu Province", Archaeology, No. 3, 2014, etc.
[9] Nanjing Museum: "Tomb of Dongyang Han in Xuyi, Jiangsu", Archaeology, No. 5, 1979.
[10] Anhui Provincial Cultural Relics Task Force: "Excavation of Han Tombs in Tianchang County, Anhui Province", Archaeology, No. 4, 1979.
Originally published in Southeast Culture, No. 6, 2019