What vaccines do pregnant mothers need to get?

Vaccination is the most effective and economical way to prevent communicable diseases. Vaccination, upgrading the immune system, strengthening resistance, helping to ensure the health of pregnant mothers, and thus helping to provide excellent innate genetic qualities for the baby. This is of great significance for the birth of a healthy, intelligent baby.

(Source: Tencent Content Open Platform)

At present, there is no pregnancy immunization program specifically designed for women on the mainland. Before deciding to get vaccinated, every pregnant mother needs to consider the following questions: Am I suitable for vaccination? Do I need to get vaccinated? If I need to get vaccinated, what vaccines do I need to get?

To answer these questions correctly, it is safe and reliable to consult with a doctor and decide later. When consulting a doctor, focus on the following issues: (1) You need to explain your physical condition, allergy history, etc. to the doctor, so that the doctor can decide whether to get vaccinated. (2) It is necessary to explain to the doctor whether there is a history of miscarriage. Because women with a history of miscarriage, it is generally not advisable to get any vaccines for safety reasons. (3) After consulting a doctor, if vaccination is required, it is necessary to know which vaccines are suitable for vaccination, and it is necessary to know how long it takes to get pregnant after vaccination, so as to avoid the impact of vaccination on the fetal baby as much as possible.

To this end, we recommend that every pregnant mother: before consulting a doctor, you should understand the basic knowledge of the relevant vaccine, which will help to make judgments and choices during the consultation process. According to the views of the chief physician of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Peking Union Medical College Hospital and combined with the practical experience of our lecturer team, we have edited and sorted out the following:

1. Rubella vaccine

Problem description: Rubella is an acute eruptive infectious disease caused by rubella virus (RV), the main clinical manifestations are: short prodromal period, low-grade fever, rash, posterior ear and occipital lymphadenopathy, etc. During pregnancy, if the pregnant mother is infected with rubella virus, it is easy to have serious consequences such as threatened miscarriage, miscarriage, fetal death and intrauterine in the first trimester, or lead to congenital malformations or congenital deafness after the birth of the fetus.

Precautions: rubella vaccine before pregnancy.

Vaccination time: at least 3 months before pregnancy.

Immune effect: The effectiveness of the vaccine injection is about 90%, and the lifelong immunization is.

Good pregnancy tip: Before receiving rubella vaccine, first draw blood to check whether you have rubella antibodies, if so, you do not need to get rubella vaccine.

2. Hepatitis B vaccine

Problem description: Hepatitis B, full name is hepatitis B virus, caused by infection with hepatitis B virus, the main clinical manifestations are: fatigue, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, hepatomegaly, liver dysfunction, etc. Mother-to-child transmission is one of the important transmission routes of hepatitis B. The hepatitis B virus is transmitted vertically, passing through the placental barrier and directly infecting the fetus. The hepatitis B virus may cause developmental malformations in the fetus.

Precautions: hepatitis B vaccination before pregnancy.

Duration of vaccination: Start at least 9 months before pregnancy. Three injections are required, counting from the first injection, the second injection at 1 month and the 3rd injection at 6 months. After the 3rd injection, the second month is re-examined for two and a half pairs, and if antibodies have been produced, the injection is not reinforced.

【Warm tips】 Some people still can't produce antibodies after the third injection, or the number of antibodies produced is very small, so it is also necessary to carry out intensive injections, if this happens, it is best to advance the time of hepatitis B vaccination to 11 months before pregnancy.

Immune effect: Immunity can reach 95%, immunity is valid for more than 7 years.

Good pregnancy tip: first do the "hepatitis B five" test. If there is no antibody, 3 injections are required.

3. Hepatitis A vaccine

Problem description: Hepatitis A, full name is viral hepatitis A, is an acute, infectious liver disease caused by virus A infection, the main clinical manifestations are: fatigue, loss of appetite, dyspepsia, hepatomegaly, abnormal liver function, etc. Hepatitis A virus is mainly transmitted through the fecal-oral route. Due to endocrine changes and increased nutrient requirements during pregnancy, the liver burden of pregnant mothers increases, the ability to resist viruses is weakened, and they are very susceptible to infection. Women who travel frequently or eat outside should be vaccinated before pregnancy.

Precautions: hepatitis A vaccination before pregnancy.

Vaccination time: at least 3 months before pregnancy.

Immune effect: About 8 weeks after receiving the hepatitis A vaccine, high antibodies can be produced and good immunity can be obtained. Immune efficacy can reach 20 to 30 years.

Good Pregnancy Tips: Minimize the number of meals you eat out during pregnancy preparation.

4. Influenza vaccine

Problem description: Influenza, the full name is influenza abbreviation, is an acute respiratory infection caused by influenza virus, highly contagious and fast. The main clinical manifestations are: acute onset of high fever, generalized pain, significant fatigue, mild respiratory symptoms, etc. It is mainly transmitted through droplets in the air, human-to-human contact or contact with contaminated products. Infection with influenza virus during pregnancy can easily lead to a decrease in the resistance of pregnant mothers.

Precautions: influenza vaccination before pregnancy.

Vaccination time: 3 months before pregnancy.

Immune effect: about 1 year. Influenza viruses can mutate every year, so the flu vaccines produced that year are usually only effective against strains of influenza viruses that predicted epidemics that year.

Good Pregnancy Tip: Influenza vaccine can be given at any stage of pregnancy. However, the doctor should be asked if it is safe or not.

5. Chickenpox vaccine

Problem Description: Chickenpox, known in English as varicella, is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus. Chickenpox is a primary infection characterized clinically by mild and constitutional symptoms and rapidly developing macules, papules, herpes, and scabs of the skin and mucous membranes. It is more common in winter and spring, and it is highly contagious, and can be transmitted by contact or droplets. Chickenpox infection by pregnant mothers in the first trimester can lead to congenital chickenpox or neonatal chickenpox in the fetus; chickenpox infection of pregnant mothers in the third trimester may cause severe pneumonia in pregnant mothers.

Precautions: vaccination against chickenpox.

Vaccination time: at least 3 to 6 months before pregnancy.

Immune effect: lifelong immunity.

Good pregnancy tips: first check whether you have antibodies, and if you have one, you don't need to inject.