Preconception check-up tips for pregnant mothers and pregnant fathers

Giving birth to life means taking responsibility for the baby and giving the baby excellent innate genetic qualities, a healthy body and a good living environment, so doing a preconception test is not a step that can be omitted. Do not think that you can not have a preconception test after participating in the physical examination of the unit or having a marriage examination. For any couple, preconception examination is an important part of prenatal education before pregnancy, it is recommended to go to the local maternal and child health care institutions or hospitals for a comprehensive examination 3 to 6 months before pregnancy.

1. What is the preconception examination?

Preconception tests are usually done at a local maternal and child health facility or hospital. Some units will set up preconception examination specialist clinics to provide preconception examination services. Some units will set up preconception examinations in the department of internal medicine. Some units will set up preconception examinations in gynecology or family planning departments. Different units have different regulations, it is best to go to the hospital guidance desk or registration office for detailed inquiries and then queue up for registration, so as not to waste energy and delay the examination time.

Second, look for a prenatal doctor

For you, the prenatal doctor will play three roles: during pregnancy preparation, he is your preconception test counselor and pregnancy preparation consultant; during pregnancy, he is your pregnancy counselor. In order to determine the right prenatal doctor for yourself, you need to spend more time, look around, and slowly choose. In general, go to your local maternal and child health facility or hospital to find the right prenatal doctor for you. If your chosen prenatal doctor can act as both your preconception and pregnancy preparation consultant and your pregnancy consultant, then, congratulations, this will bring you great convenience. Otherwise, you will need to find at least 2 doctors to act as your prenatal doctor, one is your preconception counselor and pregnancy preparation consultant, and the other is your pregnancy consultant.

(Source: Tencent Content Development Platform)

Once you have chosen a suitable prenatal doctor (preconception consultation), you should arrange a schedule to visit the doctor for preconception examination 3 to 6 months before pregnancy.

Third, the purpose and benefits of preconception examination

The purpose of the preconception examination is to judge the "can want" or "can't want" the baby, "can want now" or "want the baby after the disease is cured" by checking the physical health of the pregnant mother and the father who is trying to conceive, and remind some pregnant mothers of special tests that may be done after pregnancy.

The benefits of preconception testing are: (1) to help pregnant mothers find all the small problems that need to be corrected before pregnancy or need to be closely monitored during pregnancy; (2) to help pregnant mothers stay away from drugs that are contraindicated during pregnancy and pregnancy stages; (3) to help pregnant mothers get the latest information on immunization; (4) to tell pregnant mothers about weight, diet and other living habits; (5) to give pregnant mothers and pregnant fathers guidance on pregnancy, so that they know how to adjust their bodies and psychology to the best state before pregnancy. Breed a baby that is both healthy and smart.

Fourth, the basic items of pre-pregnancy examination for pregnant mothers

(1) Reproductive system

1. Examination content: routine screening of trichomoniasis, mold, mycoplasma infection, chlamydia infection, vaginal inflammation, and sexually transmitted diseases such as gonorrhea and syphilis through vaginal discharge routine screening.

2. Purpose of examination: whether there is a gynecological disease, such as sexually transmitted diseases, it is best to treat it thoroughly first, and then get pregnant, otherwise it will cause miscarriage, premature birth and other dangers.

3. Examination method: ordinary vaginal discharge examination.

4. Examination time: before pregnancy.

(ii) TORCH

1. Inspection contents: rubella virus, toxoplasmosis, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, etc.

2. Purpose of examination: whether it is infected with viruses and Toxoplasma gondii.

3. Examination method: intravenous blood draw.

4. Examination time: 3 months before pregnancy.

(3) Liver function

1. Examination content: Liver function test has two kinds of large and small liver function tests, large liver function in addition to hepatitis B full set, but also include transaminases, blood sugar, bile acids and other items.

2. Purpose of examination: If the pregnant mother is a hepatitis patient, she needs to take some precautions when pregnant, so as not to transmit the hepatitis virus to the fetal baby.

3. Examination method: intravenous blood draw.

4. Examination time: 3 months before pregnancy.

(4) Urinary routine

1. Examination content: urine color, pH, protein cells, specific gravity, cast type, urine glucose characterization.

2. Purpose of examination: 10 months of pregnancy will increase the burden on the kidneys, and pre-pregnancy examination will help to know whether there is kidney disease as soon as possible.

3. Examination method: urine examination.

4. Examination time: 3 months before pregnancy.

(5) Oral examination

1. Inspection content: If there is no other problem with the teeth, just clean the teeth; if the teeth are seriously damaged, they must be treated in advance.

2. Purpose of examination: Considering the impact of medication on the fetus, oral treatment during pregnancy is very tricky, so it is necessary to check in advance and treat as soon as possible.

3. Examination method: dental examination.

4. Examination time: 6 months before pregnancy.

(6) Gynecological endocrinology

1. Examination content: follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, etc.

2. Purpose of examination: Diagnosis of ovarian diseases such as irregular menstruation.

3. Examination method: intravenous blood draw.

4. Examination time: 3 months before pregnancy.

(7) Blood routine

1. Examination content: hemoglobin, white blood cells, platelets, etc.

2. Purpose of examination: to eliminate blood problems, anemia and infection.

3. Examination method: intravenous blood draw.

4. Examination time: 6 months before pregnancy.

(8) Thyroid function

1. Examination contents: thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (FT4), thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO-Ab).

2. Purpose of examination: to rule out the possibility of hyperthyroidism (hyperthyroidism) or hypothyroidism (hypothyroidism), both of which have a greater impact on the fetus.

3. Examination method: intravenous blood draw.

4. Examination time: 3 months before pregnancy.

(9) Electrocardiogram

1. Examination content: heart condition.

2. Purpose of examination: to exclude arrhythmias, etc.

3. Examination method: electrocardiogram.

4. Examination time: before pregnancy.

Fifth, the pre-pregnancy examination of pregnant mothers and pregnant fathers need to be completed

(1) Blood group testing

1. Examination content: including ABO blood type and Rh blood group identification.

2. Purpose of examination: to determine whether neonatal hemolysis caused by maternal and fetal blood group incompatibility will occur. The objects of examination are: pregnant mothers with blood type O, pregnant fathers with blood types A and B, and couples with a history of unexplained miscarriage. Rh blood grouping checks whether the Rh factor in the blood is positive or negative. If it is Rh-negative blood, then check if your partner is positive. If both husband and wife are Rh-negative, there is no need to think too much about the troubles caused by rh factors.

3. Examination method: intravenous blood draw.

4. Examination time: before pregnancy.

(2) Chromosome examination

1. Examination content: check for genetic diseases.

2. Purpose of examination: The purpose is to reduce the birth of defective children caused by chromosomal abnormalities. Men or women with a family history of genetic disorders and women with a history of recurrent miscarriage require a check-up 3 months before pregnancy.

3. Examination method: intravenous blood draw.

4. Examination time: 3 months before pregnancy.

Sixth, the basic items of pre-pregnancy examination for pregnant fathers

If infertility is present, the father who is trying to conceive should have the following tests.

1. Semen examination

Semen examination mainly checks the motility and deformity rate of sperm, the total number of sperm, etc., and the quality of sperm directly affects the quality of the fertilized egg. Aggressive treatment is required when there is prostatitis, vesiculitis, epididymitis, or oligospermia and high rate of malformations.

2. Prostatic fluid examination

The prostatic fluid is normally milky white and acidic, and the number of white blood cells increases when there is inflammation, and even a pile of pus cells is seen, which needs to be treated in time, otherwise it will affect the normal function of sperm.

3. Endocrine examination

The function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis can be understood by gonadotropin-releasing hormone or a kvimefen stimulation test. Measuring testosterone levels can directly reflect the function of interstitial cells. Thyroid hormones or adrenocortical hormones can be measured if necessary.

4. Testicular biopsy

It is used for azoospermia or oligospermia, directly check the spermatogenesis function of the varied seminal ducts of the testicles and the development of interstitial cells, and the synthesis and metabolism of local hormones can be reflected by immunohistochemical staining.

5. Karyotype analysis of chromosomes

It is used to check for external genital malformations, testicular dysplasia, and unexplained azoospermia.

7. Be prepared for preconception testing

Combined with the views of the obstetrics and gynecology experts of Peking Union Medical College Hospital and the experience of the team of xiangwang family education guidance lecturers, the suggestions are as follows:

Women's examinations generally avoid the menstrual period and choose 3 to 7 days after a clean menstrual period, but endocrine tests are the most accurate 2 to 4 days after menstruation. 3 to 5 days before the pregnancy test, the diet should be light. Do not have sex for 3 days before the test. Pay attention to rest 1 day before the examination, and do not use lotion to wash the genitals.

Men should not smoke or drink alcohol for 3 days before the examination. Do not eat foods that are greasy and high in sugar. Do not have sex for 3 days before the test. Items that require an empty stomach examination, do not eat again after dinner 1 day before the examination.