Cervical cancer is one of the most common malignancies in women. Globally, on average, one new case is detected every minute, and one woman dies of cervical cancer every two minutes. Every year, China accounts for more than 28% of cervical cancer cases in the world, with 100,000 newly discovered cervical cancer cases and 30,000 deaths, making it the third most common cancer among women aged 15 to 44.
In the case of the high incidence of cervical cancer in the mainland, the prevention and treatment of cervical cancer is imminent, and it has also become an important part of the attention of many women. So, what are the types of vaccines for cervical cancer?
Bivalent vaccine: Targets the HPV16 and 18 subtypes, which are the main subtypes that cause cervical cancer and can cover about 70% of cervical cancers.
Quadrivalent vaccine: HPV6 and 11 were added to the bivalent vaccine, as 6 and 11 also cause 90% of genital warts.
Nine-valent vaccine: On the basis of the quadrivalent vaccine, it covers 31, 33, 45, 52, 58 (of which HPV52 and 58 viruses are the most susceptible to infection in Asia), which can prevent 90% of cervical cancer.
Among them, the nine-valent vaccine has the highest prevention rate and the age limit of vaccination is limited to under 26 years old, which is even more difficult to find and difficult to make an appointment. Therefore, there are also girls through high prices to seek purchasing methods, and even some people do not hesitate to spend a lot of money to find scalpers to buy vaccines, which has produced a black chain of interests, some criminals found "business opportunities", took this opportunity to play a "crooked idea".
Recently, the Supreme People's Court released 10 criminal, administrative and civil typical cases related to drug safety.
One example is the counterfeiting of a nine-valent vaccine with normal saline. The content is as follows:
In the first half of 2018, after the defendant Niu Moumou learned that the nine-valent human papillomavirus vaccine (hereinafter referred to as the nine-valent vaccine) was selling well, he looked for packaging, consumables and related processes similar to the genuine products and prepared to produce counterfeit products.
From July to October 2018, Mr. Niu purchased more than 40,000 sets of needle tubes, pushers, plugs, needles and other items through others, and ordered more than 41,000 sets of packaging boxes, instructions, labels and other items required for counterfeit nine-valent vaccines.
During this period, Mr. Niu and defendant Mr. Zhang produced counterfeit nine-valent vaccines by filling normal saline into needle tubes in a single county of Shandong Province, and then produced a total of 23,000 counterfeit nine-valent vaccines through trademark pasting, tray plastic sealing and other processes.
Niu X and Zhang X sold 9,004 counterfeit nine-valent vaccines through multiple medical aesthetic WeChat groups and other channels, with a sales amount of more than 1.2 million yuan.
After inspection by the Suzhou Drug Inspection and Testing Research Center, the liquid components contained in the counterfeit nine-valent vaccine sampled for testing are basically the same as those of normal saline.
After trial, the court held that the defendants Niu xxx and Zhang xx jointly produced and sold fake vaccines, which constituted the crime of producing and selling counterfeit drugs.
Niu xxx, Zhang xxx production and sales amount of more than 1.2 million yuan, with "other particularly serious circumstances". Counterfeit drugs produced or sold are injectable vaccines and shall be given heavier punishments as appropriate. In the joint crime, Niu XX is the principal offender and Zhang XX is an accessory, and Zhang XX is given a lenient punishment. Both defendants pleaded guilty and accepted punishment.
In the joint crime, Niu XX is the principal offender and Zhang XX is an accessory, and Zhang XX is given a lenient punishment. Both defendants pleaded guilty and accepted punishment.
The production and sale of counterfeit nine-valent HPV vaccines by means of syringes filled with normal saline belonged to the situation of "passing off non-drugs as drugs" as stipulated in the Drug Administration Law of the People's Republic of China, and should be regarded as counterfeit drugs.
Accordingly, defendant Niu XX was sentenced to 15 years' imprisonment and fined RMB1.5 million for the crime of producing and selling counterfeit drugs, and sentenced defendant Zhang XX to 13 years' imprisonment and fined RMB1 million.
Nine-valent HPV vaccine is hard to find
Experts: You don't have to wait for high-priced sub-vaccines
How should vaccines be chosen?
According to industry experts, all four vaccines need to be given three shots and completed within 6 months. Data show that after the first dose of vaccine, it can play a preventive role after half a year to 7 months. Where conditions permit, women of appropriate age may choose to cover more HPV subtypes with vaccines for more comprehensive protection.
However, in the case of a high-priced vaccine not being booked, the public should also receive the low-cost HPV vaccine in time to obtain the best protection effect. Experts believe that the effectiveness of vaccines needs to be verified through clinical trials and data in real-world applications. Due to the different manufacturers, it is not possible to absolutely evaluate which of the several vaccines on the mainland market is the best, and the public should comprehensively consider factors such as protective efficacy and accessibility according to their own conditions when choosing vaccines.
"High-priced vaccines will be the icing on the cake for the prevention of cervical cancer, not a mandatory option." Experts say that if the main appeal is to prevent cervical cancer, the bivalent vaccine has basically met the demand.
Relevant industry experts said that when the vaccine production can meet the market demand, the scope of free vaccination of the national pilot HPV vaccine will also be expanded, and it is foreseeable that the domestic HPV vaccine penetration rate will continue to increase in the future.
Comprehensive content health China, the official website of the Supreme People's Court, the Economic Daily