Before the vaccine was popularized, the mainland reported more than 10 million measles cases every year, polio incidences of 20,000 to 40,000 cases, and more than 2 million cases of whooping cough...
After the implementation of immunization in the mainland, these infectious diseases that make people smell discolored have rarely appeared.
The existing domestic vaccines can be divided into two categories: one is free of charge at birth, and the other is voluntary and self-funded.
Among the self-funded vaccines, there are many that are worth vaccinating but are not well known to the public.
The last week of April is World Immunization Week, and combined with the World Health Organization's stance on different vaccines and the official recommendations of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, The Times of Life (search for "LT0385" in WeChat) interviews experts tell you what vaccines adults and children need protection.
Experts interviewed
Liu Ding, director of the Department of Disease Prevention and Control of the Army Special Medical Center
Tang Yongjun, chief physician of the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University
Gu Yanting, deputy pharmacist of the Department of Pharmacy of Aviation General Hospital
Children should receive the most 6 vaccines
Subject to economic conditions, vaccinating children with a partially self-funded vaccine can provide more comprehensive protection. According to the severity of the disease, the incidence, the timing of vaccination and other factors, it is recommended that children receive the following 6 self-funded vaccines.
Vaccinations for adults are recommended
Not only children should be vaccinated, but adults should also be vaccinated regularly and systematically. In 2020, the "Adult Vaccination Recommendations" published by the American Advisory Board on Clinical Immunization (ACIP) are worth referencing.
In addition to the above vaccines, the elderly should pay attention to the vaccination of pneumonia vaccines, especially those who are prone to colds, basic lung diseases, and diabetes. At present, the mainland is suitable for the elderly to vaccinate against 23-valent pneumonia, and it is recommended to be given every 5 years.
After vaccination, do 7 things
Don't leave the hospital in a hurry after vaccination, and do the following things to help alleviate adverse reactions.
1. After inoculation, observe the scene for 30 minutes before leaving. This is to prevent serious allergic reactions, especially for people who are allergic to eggs, milk, etc.
2. There will be needle holes at the vaccination site, and friction and scratching should be avoided after vaccination to prevent rupture infection.
3. Do not rain or bathe for 24 hours of vaccination.
4. In terms of diet, according to the normal diet, easy to digest, light diet is the mainstay, onion, ginger and garlic can be eaten.
5. After vaccination, it takes a while to produce effective protective antibodies, and it is still necessary to pay attention to protection.
6. After vaccination, local redness, swelling, pain and itching may occur, it is recommended to use a towel to apply hot compresses to the injection site, but avoid the needle eye, apply 4 to 5 times a day for 15 minutes each time, which can effectively alleviate the symptoms of redness, swelling, pain and itching.
7. Some adverse reactions are normal, such as arm soreness, mild fever, etc., usually mild and temporary, and can disappear on their own without special treatment. If you have persistent fever, you can seek medical attention at the nearest place.
It should be reminded that as we age, immune function decreases, and the risk of infection with the new crown in the elderly rises. It is recommended that the elderly who are in good physical condition actively receive the new crown vaccine after full communication with medical staff.
Generally speaking, large hospitals, community hospitals, community health service centers, etc. can be vaccinated, and it is recommended to consult the community health service center where you are located first. ▲
Editor: Jie Zhang