Dear Parents and Friends,
Spring is the season when everything grows, but it is also a time when children are very susceptible to getting sick. According to the previous epidemic law of hand-foot-and-mouth disease in mainland China, April-July is the peak period of hand-foot-and-mouth disease epidemic, and October-December is the small peak of the epidemic.
The kindergarten warmly reminds everyone that hand-foot-and-mouth disease is highly contagious, has many transmission routes, and will recur, and preschool children are susceptible to it. Although most of them can heal themselves, in order not to let the baby suffer from the virus, parents must improve their awareness of prevention, help their children establish good hygiene habits, and do effective prevention work!
What is hand-foot-and-mouth disease?
Hand-foot-and-mouth disease is a common infectious disease in children, caused by enteroviruses, there are more than 20 kinds of enteroviruses (types) that cause hand-foot-and-mouth disease, of which Coxsackievirus A16 (Cox A16) and enterovirus 71 (EV 71) are the most common. Mostly occurs in children under 5 years of age, manifesting oral pain, anorexia, low-grade fever, hands, feet, mouth and other parts of the small herpes or small ulcers, most children self-healing within a week or so, a small number of children can cause myocarditis, pulmonary edema, aseptic meningoencephalitis and other complications.
What are the clinical manifestations of hand-foot-and-mouth disease?
Clinical manifestations of hand, foot and mouth
1.
Hand-foot-and-mouth disease generally has an incubation period of three to five days, and its main feature is a rash on the hands, feet, mouth, and buttocks;
2.
After that, the child may develop a high or low-grade fever with a rash, mainly on both sides of the oral cavity;
3.
Ulcers appear later, and the child feels pain in the mouth and is reluctant to eat. In addition, small rashes on his hands, feet, mouth, and buttocks are some herpes, and some contain herpes fluid.
A small number of severe patients can be complicated by aseptic meningitis, encephalitis, acute flaccid paralysis, pulmonary hemorrhage and myocarditis, etc., some complications of the nervous system, such as drowsiness, mental poorness, and some serious children will have limb shaking, vomiting, as well as heartbeat, rapid breathing, and systemic multi-organ failure, at this time, it is necessary to go to the hospital with treatment conditions for timely treatment.
Route of transmission of HFMD
Hand-foot-and-mouth disease is actually transmitted through three pathways. One is through the fecal-oral route, the second is transmission through contact, and the third is transmission through respiratory droplets.
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Why are preschoolers susceptible?
The high incidence of hand-foot-and-mouth disease is children under 5 years old, especially 6 months to 5 years old, because infants and young children under 6 months have maternal antibodies, most of them are protected, and the number of diseases is relatively small, but if you have hand-foot-and-mouth disease below 6 months, the proportion of severe disease is relatively high. Since the risk of severe illness and death caused by hand-foot-and-mouth disease at 6-12 months of age, especially due to EV-A71-induced hand-foot-and-mouth disease, is higher than that of the higher age group, the EV-A71 vaccine is preferentially given to children aged 6-12 months, which can be prevented early.
Will the same child get their hands and feet multiple times?
The same child may be infected with HFMD multiple times because HFMD is caused by a group of enteroviruses, and more than 20 types of enteroviruses have been found to cause HFMD, and cross-protection between these enteroviruses may not be there.
For example, if infected with EV-A71 and re-infected with hand-foot-and-mouth disease, it may be caused by CV-A16 or CV-A6, so it is more difficult to prevent and control hand-foot-and-mouth disease, because it is a disease transmitted by multiple pathogens and multiple transmission routes.
Is there a vaccine for hand-foot-and-mouth disease?
The HFMD vaccine is now available in China as an inactivated vaccine of the EV-A71 type. This vaccine is mainly targeted at EV-A71 because it causes a much higher rate of severe illness and death than other enteroviruses. After this vaccine is injected, the child can only develop immunity to EV71, and will not be cross-immune to hand-foot-and-mouth disease caused by other viruses. Therefore, it is not that vaccination does not necessarily lead to hand-foot-and-mouth disease.
The EV-A71 vaccine is available for all types of HFMD
Are all preventive?
PROTECT
No. More than 20 kinds of enteroviruses can cause hand-foot-and-mouth disease, and each serotype can only protect the hand-foot-and-mouth disease caused by this serotype after getting it, so vaccination with EV-A71 can only prevent severe illness and death caused by EV-A71, and cannot prevent all hand-foot-and-mouth disease.
Preventive measures for hand-foot-and-mouth disease (family + kindergarten)
Home protection
Prevention and control measures
Mom and Dad please
Wash children's hands before and after eating and after going out, such as soap or hand sanitizer, do not let children drink raw water, eat raw and cold food, and avoid contact with sick children;
Wash their hands before caregivers come into contact with children, change diapers for young children, dispose of feces, and dispose of dirt properly;
When the child's body temperature is lower than 38.5 ° C, parents can use the method of physical cooling and pay attention to hydrating the child. When the body temperature exceeds 38.5 ° C, it is time to give your child antipyretic medicine.
During the epidemic period of this disease, it is not advisable to take children to public places where crowds gather and air circulation is poor, pay attention to maintaining family environmental hygiene, and the living room should be ventilated frequently and dry the clothes frequently;
Children with related symptoms should go to a medical institution in time. Children treated at home, do not contact other children, parents should timely dry or disinfect the child's clothes, disinfect the child's feces in time; children with mild disease do not have to be hospitalized, livable home treatment, rest, in order to reduce cross-infection;
During the illness, the child's digestive function is weakened, and the diet should be prepared with nutritious foods that are easy to digest. During the eruption of the rash, especially during the puncture of the blisters in the mouth and the collapse of small ulcers, children can eat more liquid diets. After recovery from the disease, you can supplement foods rich in protein and vitamins in time. Strengthen children's dietary nutrition, pay attention to food safety, diet and exercise with balance to improve physical fitness.
Once the child is ill, he or she needs to be isolated at home until the symptoms are completely eliminated, and a certificate of recovery and resumption of classes can be issued before entering the kindergarten.
kindergarten
Epidemic prevention and control
Kindergarten-related prevention work
Establish a regular screening routine: in the time after entering the kindergarten and leaving the kindergarten, early and napping, check whether there are red and white spots in the three parts of the child's hands, feet and mouth, if suspicious symptoms are found, timely isolate them from other children, and require parents to take their children to seek medical treatment to prevent the spread of the disease.
Strengthen cooperation with parents: Kindergarten teachers work with their parents to prevent the spread of hand-foot-and-mouth disease. Teachers and parents should communicate regularly and exchange experiences in disease prevention.
Regular disinfection: Toys, tableware, desks and chairs, stair handrails and other easy-to-reach things increase the frequency of disinfection.
Keeping air circulating in the classroom: Infectious diseases are more likely to spread in enclosed spaces, and classrooms in kindergartens are always well ventilated. In the morning, when the children have not yet arrived, the classroom is ventilated in advance.
Children's health education: Washing hands before meals and after going to the toilet can be effective in preventing hand-foot-and-mouth disease. It is necessary to check the hands of children's shoes before and after meals.
Pay attention to diet: The kindergarten diet has been strictly tested, and in addition, in special periods, prepare some foods that can effectively improve resistance, such as vegetables and fruits and other foods rich in vitamin C.
The health of our children is our common expectation
The kindergarten will provide a clean and hygienic and comfortable environment for children, and hope that parents can work with us to strengthen the hygiene protection of children at home. We work together for the health of children!
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