Having a healthy and smart baby is the expectation of all expectant parents. A scientific and nutritious diet not only plays a decisive role in the growth and development of the fetus, but also has great benefits for the health of pregnant women. After pregnancy, many pregnant mothers have the concept of diet: what is good and what to eat. But do you really understand what nutrients need to be supplemented during pregnancy?
1
thermal energy
The increased need for total caloric energy during pregnancy includes the provision of fetal growth, placenta, growth of maternal tissue, storage of protein fats, and thermal energy needed to increase metabolism. No additional increase is required in the first trimester of pregnancy, and after 4 months of gestation until delivery, 200 calories per day are added to the original base. The main source of heat energy for mainland residents is staple food, and pregnant women (diabetic mothers as appropriate) should consume 200-450g of staple food per day.
2
protein
The need for protein increases during pregnancy, additional protein is not required in the first trimester of pregnancy, fetal growth accelerates in the middle and third trimesters, and 15 g of protein per day is increased starting in the second trimester. The main sources of protein are animal foods such as fish, poultry, eggs, lean meats and dairy products.
3
carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are the main substances that provide energy, accounting for 50%-60% of total calories. In the second and third trimesters, increase the staple food category by about 35g per day.
4
fat
Fat is controlled at 25%-30% of total energy, and excessive intake can lead to overweight and easy to cause pregnancy complications. Long-chain unsaturated fatty acids have been shown to be helpful for fetal brain and retinal development, so pregnant mothers can eat more fish and aquatic products, especially deep-sea fish, walnuts and other foods.
5
vitamin
Vitamins for the regulation of body metabolism and maintenance of a variety of physiological functions required, but also necessary for fetal growth and development, especially in the early stage of embryonic development, insufficient supply or excessive supply may increase the risk of malformations, the rapid growth of the fetus in the middle and third trimester of pregnancy, the need for vitamins is also correspondingly increased, so the entire pregnancy needs to increase the intake of vitamins.
6
Inorganic salts and trace elements
Trace elements iron, zinc, iodine, calcium, magnesium in inorganic salts... These are the nutrients necessary for fetal growth and development, if the lack of these trace elements can easily lead to fetal dysplasia, the lack of first trimester is also prone to fetal malformations. Pregnant mothers have increased blood volume during pregnancy and are more prone to physiological anemia, so the intake of these inorganic salts and trace elements needs to be increased throughout pregnancy.
7
Dietary fiber
Although dietary fiber is not absorbed by the body, it can reduce the absorption of sugar and fat and slow down the rise of blood sugar, which can effectively prevent constipation and improve intestinal function. Foods rich in dietary fiber, such as vegetables, low-sugar fruits, and whole grains, should be consumed during pregnancy.
Obstetric experts suggest that the food that pregnant mothers eat every day in addition to the nutrients needed to maintain their own body metabolism, but also to provide the body with the needs of fetal growth and development. Malnutrition during pregnancy is not only related to miscarriage, premature birth, low-weight babies, etc., but also affects pregnant mothers with gestational anemia, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, etc. Therefore, a reasonable diet and balanced nutrition are very important for pregnant mothers and babies in their stomachs.