With the rapid development of new energy vehicles in mainland China, the problem of terminal energy supply has become more and more severe.
According to the data, by the end of 2021, the number of charging infrastructure in the country was 2.617 million units, an increase of 55.7% year-on-year; at the same time, by the end of 2021, the number of new energy vehicles in the mainland was 7.84 million. It is estimated that the current national vehicle-to-pile ratio is about 3:1. This means that the mainland charging infrastructure is far from meeting the needs of new energy vehicles.
Compared with the difficulty of charging, the gap in the mainland replacement power station is even greater. The data shows that there are only more than 1,000 replacement power stations in China, which is far slower than the layout speed of charging piles.
In this context, how to alleviate the problem of replenishment has become a hot topic of discussion among many deputies at this year's two sessions.
In the view of Yin Tongyue, deputy to the National People's Congress, secretary of the party committee and chairman of Chery Automobile Co., Ltd., the current domestic charging system is facing many problems, such as: difficult to build piles in fixed parking spaces in some stock communities; uneven heating and cold of urban public charging stations; large number of charging platforms and start-stop and multi-channel payment have not yet been fully covered; some charging pile operation and maintenance are not timely, highway charging is difficult on holidays; slow charging piles and fast charging piles on the market cannot be used.
Based on this, Yin Tongyue suggested: strengthen the top-level design, study and improve the conversion, trading and dispatch mechanism of new energy vehicles and storage and discharge of green electricity; explore the integrated pilot application of "light storage, charging and discharging" in the charging facilities of units and parks; and accelerate the construction of a charging basic digital system.
Nan Cunhui, member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, vice chairman of the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce, and chairman of Chint Group, feels the same way, in his view, "charging is difficult and charging expensive" has become an important factor restricting many families from buying new energy vehicles. Due to the lack of urban overall charging network planning, the shortage of electricity capacity in the community and other factors, the installation of charging piles is difficult, and the number of charging piles cannot keep up with the growth rate of new energy vehicles.
Therefore, the suggestion put forward by Nan Cunhui at this year's two sessions is to study and formulate a charging and replacement infrastructure development plan as soon as possible, support the promotion of the development model of the global intelligent charging network, and let new energy vehicles better serve the lives of the people.
Wang Jianqing, a deputy to the National People's Congress and the leader of the "Wang Tao Class" class of the first workshop of the general assembly plant of Dongfeng Commercial Vehicle Co., Ltd., also said that due to the limitations of innate planning and site conditions, the old residential areas are facing the problems of small space, shortage of traditional parking spaces, and insufficient voltage, which invisibly deprives them of the possibility of installing private charging piles. He suggested that for the existing residential areas, study and introduce the promotion cases of charging infrastructure transformation, and actively promote and guide the transformation of charging facilities in existing residential communities.
In addition to the residential household charging pile, at present, there are also many problems in the mainland public charging network system. The data shows that at present, there are only 13 public charging piles operated by charging operation enterprises in the country with more than 10,000 units, accounting for 92.9% of the total, and it is clear that the number of public charging piles has a large gap. In addition, in the public charging pile, the proportion of fast charging is only 40%, and the fast charging power is generally low, resulting in problems such as slow charging speed, long queuing time, and low turnover efficiency, and it is difficult to adapt to the rapid development of the current new energy automobile industry.
In the view of Lei Jun, deputy to the National People's Congress and founder, chairman and CEO of Xiaomi Group, it is necessary to continue to enhance the international competitiveness of new energy vehicles in the mainland and promote the development of high-power fast charging.
In this regard, Lei Jun put forward three suggestions: first, to strengthen policy guidance, overall promotion of high-power fast charging network planning and layout; second, the establishment of a national innovation cooperation platform, strengthen the core technology joint research; third, strengthen the construction of service guarantees, promote the popularization of high-power charging infrastructure.
With the large-scale development of new energy passenger vehicles, the demand for highway charging brought about by intercity travel is also growing rapidly. At present, due to the difficulty of entering the site, the difficulty of operation, and the lack of investment willingness of social operators, the service guarantee capacity of highway charging facilities is insufficient.
Xi Guofu, member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, deputy chief engineer of the State Grid Co., Ltd. and director of the Industrial Development Department, suggested that the ability to guarantee highway charging should be strengthened, charging facilities should be included in the construction planning and mandatory configuration standards of expressway service areas, the main responsibilities of the ownership units in the expressway service area should be compacted, and a certain number of highway charging and replacement facilities should be configured according to the standards.
It is worth noting that most of the current domestic charging infrastructure serves passenger cars, and the charging infrastructure that meets the conditions for the use of new energy trucks is relatively insufficient.
In the view of Zhou Fugeng, a deputy to the National People's Congress and a senior engineer of Jiangqi Group, the carrying capacity of new energy trucks is insufficient compared with traditional fuel trucks, and it is difficult to support long-distance operations, so the demand for infrastructure such as charging is also more frequent.
In view of the problem of new energy trucks, Zhou Fugeng suggested that it is necessary to accelerate the construction of new energy truck charging infrastructure, and give priority to improving the high-frequency use scenarios of new energy trucks, such as express delivery, postal services, urban distribution and other peripheral charging infrastructure systems. At the same time, the charging facilities in some scenarios will be optimized to meet the conditions for charging new energy passenger vehicles and new energy trucks at the same time.
Driven by policies, the power exchange model is also ushering in the outlet. The reporter noted that since 2020, in the new energy vehicle promotion subsidy programs issued by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, it has been marked that "pure electric vehicles priced at more than 300,000 yuan have no subsidies, except for models that support power exchange". Not only that, in November 2021, the General Office of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology issued the "Notice on Launching the Pilot Work on the Application of the New Energy Vehicle Power Exchange Mode", and decided to start the pilot work of the application of the new energy vehicle power exchange mode. Obviously, the policy side is exploring the feasibility of popularizing the power exchange model.
At this year's two sessions, Li Shufu, a deputy to the National People's Congress and chairman of Geely Holding Group, frequently praised the power exchange model. Li Shufu pointed out that the power exchange mode of vehicle power separation has the advantages of efficient energy replenishment and cost reduction compared with the traditional charging pile power replenishment mode. Among them, in terms of efficient energy replenishment, passenger cars only need about 1-5 minutes to change electricity; in terms of cost, the initial purchase cost of electric vehicles, power batteries account for about 40%, and the charging mode of "vehicle and electricity integration" makes the cost of the vehicle significantly higher, and in the vehicle-electricity separation mode, the purchase price of electric vehicles can be reduced by up to half.
Therefore, at the two sessions, Li Shufu also put forward three suggestions on increasing the construction of electric vehicle replacement system: First, we should speed up the clarification of the relevant provisions on the construction of substations, high and low pressure box changes, land and construction approval, and incorporate them into the national market management standard system. It is recommended that the government open the resource access and support of public parking lots to effectively and reasonably optimize the allocation of land resources; second, further improve the relevant policies and regulations of the power exchange model, optimize the announcement regulations of the power exchange model, establish an exclusive announcement certification system for the power exchange model, and form a separate certification of the car and the battery under the separation of vehicle electricity; third, accelerate the standardization and generalization of the power exchange mode, such as presetting 2-3 technically advanced interface forms to formulate recommended standards.
From the current situation, whether charging or replacing, are facing a large gap, if you rely on a single energy supplement model, it is difficult to meet the market demand, only to coordinate the balanced development of the two, is the best solution to improve the new energy vehicle energy market.