In the coldest region of the world, where temperatures are minus 50 degrees, how do more than 500 inhabitants survive?
Latitude, land and sea location and topographical characteristics will affect the level of temperature, because different latitudes, the area and angle of the sun's exposure will be different, and the amount of sunlight heat received by the region will be different.
The topographical distribution of the sea route also affects the distribution of temperature, during the day, the ocean heats up slowly, the land heats up fast, at night, the ocean cools fast, the land cools slowly.
When asked where the coldest regions in the world are, most people will answer whether it is the Antarctic or the Arctic.
In fact, Oymyakon, located in the eastern siberia of Russia, has an average winter temperature of minus 50 degrees Celsius and a minimum of minus 71 degrees, making it the coldest living area in the world.
The climatic environment of Oymyakon
Oymyakon belongs to the Siberian region, which itself is in a high latitude zone, close to the Arctic Ocean, which is vast but sparsely populated.
Because the weather here is too cold, it is covered by glaciers all year round, and in winter, the daily sunshine time is only three hours, although it is rich in resources, but many places have not been developed.
Inhabited by 500 villagers, Oymyakon is the coldest inhabited place in the world, with an altitude of about 741 meters and a total area of about 420 square kilometers, which is a basin in the northeast of Siberia, Russia.
In terms of terrain, the north side is relatively low, and the east and west south sides are relatively high, which is also the main reason for the cold weather in the local area.
The altitude of Oymyakon is about 2 kilometers, the higher the altitude, the lower the temperature, so the temperature of Oymyakon is much lower than that of the same latitude, and for every 100 meters of elevation rise, the temperature will drop by 0.6 degrees Celsius, and the temperature of Oymyakon is on average 12 degrees Celsius lower than that of the same latitude.
The continental climate of Oymyakon is very pronounced, with a very large temperature difference between day and night, a long and cold winter, a short cool summer, a very large annual temperature difference, and cold air can enter from the north and gather in the basin.
Because it is surrounded by mountains, cold air can sink down the mountain range to the bottom, so the climate of Oymyakon becomes even colder.
The temperature in Oymyakon is very high, only more than 350 kilometers away from the Arctic Circle, and due to this unique geographical environment, the daily irradiation area and time of the sun are very short, which cannot meet people's daily needs.
This extremely cold environment has led to the fact that the land here is permafrost, and it is impossible to grow crops or build houses directly.
But there is an advantage, in such a cold environment, industrial development is limited, the pollution of the environment is not obvious.
So the food here, including fish and milk, is a natural and healthy food, don't worry about too many toxins in it, you can even eat it raw.
The daily life of the villagers of Oymilacon
Because the weather is very cold, the villagers of Oymyakon will choose the warmest leather coat or mink coat.
Usually, when they go out, they will dress themselves like bears, wrapped tightly, revealing only a pair of eyes, but even so, their eyes will often be frozen, and their eyelashes will sometimes be frosted.
Oymyakon can not grow vegetables, melons and fruits, because the ground temperature is too low, it is all frozen soil, so the vegetables and fruits they need to be transported from afar, and there is no need to worry about preservation, because the temperature of Oymyakon is lower than the refrigerator.
In addition to transporting food from afar, the villagers of Oymyakon also like to make a living by fishing and hunting, and the villagers like to hunt in the mountains and forests or in the lake.
Because the temperature is too low, the fish they catch on the ice quickly become frozen fish, they like to use a knife to soak the frozen fish into slices, and then eat it raw, because they have a good environment there, so the fish does not have any fishy smell.
In order to keep warm, local people also like to eat some foods with high energy, such as eating fat barbecue.
Many villagers also have the habit of drinking spirits, and it is the kind of wine with a high number, because the height of the wine is not easy to freeze, and it can also warm up after drinking, and they like to drink spirits while eating barbecue.
Villagers housing and travel
It is more difficult to build a house in Oymia, because the ground is permafrost, and the melting of the frozen soil will lead to the collapse of the house, and it is also very difficult to lay a foundation on the frozen soil, and people also have to consider the problem of keeping warm.
People like to build houses in the summer, because the summer temperature is relatively high, it will be relatively easy to lay the foundation, in addition, it is necessary to ensure that the foundation reached is more than 1 meter above the ground, which can prevent the cold from invading the house, in order to prevent the permafrost from collapsing, people will also use multiple thick logs under the house as a support.
Although it is particularly cold outside, the indoor temperature of Oymiakon is maintained at about 20 degrees for many years, and each of them has sufficient heating equipment at home, and will also use coal or other materials to burn for heating.
In terms of transportation, Oymyakon has a road connected to the outside city, this road is usually in a state of ice, and many people died because it was too difficult to build this road.
But this road is very important, it is a bridge between Oymyakon and the outside world, and a lot of food and some equipment is transported to Oymyakon through this road.
Oymyakon rarely uses a car to travel, because in cold weather, the car is difficult to start, and it is also in danger of slipping and overturning.
So many people here still maintain the original way of traveling, they like to travel by sleigh, that is, reindeer pulling the sleigh, although not as fast as the car but safer.
Another thing that particularly bothers the villagers of Oymyakon is going to the toilet, in this village, the toilet can not be built indoors, because it is not easy to build a sewer pipe, and even if it is built, the excrement is easy to freeze in the pipe and cause blockage.
So they can only endure the cold and run outside to go to the toilet, which is a cruel thing for them.
