Confucius, a great educator, thinker and politician in ancient China, is not only famous in Shandong, but also one of the world's top ten celebrities. On April 11, 1920, the young Mao Zedong, on his journey from Beijing to Shanghai, once specially went to Qufu, Shandong Province, to visit Confucius's hometown - Qufu, Shandong Province, and visited the "Three Holes" (Confucius House, Confucius Temple, and Confucius Forest) with reverence, truly showing his career ambitions and lifelong career pursuits.
On the afternoon of October 27, 1952, Mao Zedong inspected the mouth of the Yellow River
In October 1952, after a gap of 32 years, Chairman Mao, who had already led the new Chinese people to stand up, came to Jinan, Shandong Province, in his spare time, and after completing the inspection of the local area, Chairman Mao said to Luo Ruiqing, who was in charge of the security work accompanying him: "Eldest son, the next stop, we will go to Qufu to see Confucius!" ”
On the special train, Chairman Mao talked freely about the history of Shandong
According to the itinerary, Chairman Mao's special train needs to stop at Yanzhou Railway Station at the next stop, and then transfer to a car from there to Qufu. After the special train departed from Jinan, Chairman Mao leisurely lit a cigarette, sat down in the reception room of the special train, and accompanied Chairman Mao yang Shangkun, Xu Shiyou, Luo Ruiqing and other central and local leading comrades. On the way, Chairman Mao saw that there was still a bare tree on the nearby mountain, and he couldn't help but sigh at Luo Ruiqing in a serious tone: "I said the eldest son, the last time I joked with Wang Fang (former director of the Zhejiang Public Security Department), saying that when the greening in his hometown of Shandong was done well, the cursive characters on his name could be removed. ”
After the train arrived at The Tai'an Station in Shandong Province, Chairman Mao walked around the train accompanied by everyone. Just at this moment, Chairman Mao suddenly stopped, looked up and saw the towering Mount Tai nearby, only to see the nearby peaks rising one after another and rushing into the clouds, and Mount Tai stood near the east of the motherland with the power of heaven, moving the world with the name of "the head of the five mountains.", and the famous Tang Dynasty poet Du Fu once sincerely issued an exclamation here that "he will be at the top of the mountain and have a panoramic view of the mountains."
The five mountains are exclusively respected - Taishan
Chairman Mao pointed to Mount Tai and introduced himself to everyone, "Do you know what? When ancient Chinese emperors ascended the throne or went out to carry out major activities, they often had to come to Mount Tai to make sacrifices; and some emperors also wanted to come up with some famous halls in the Taiping Dynasty to hold a vast 'sealing ceremony', which was done by qin shi huang, han wu, tang gaozong, and song zhenzong in history. However, the purpose of our Communists and feudal emperors to visit Mount Tai is different, we have come to appreciate the great rivers and mountains of the motherland! ”
Just then, the train driver who had given Chairman Mao a special train got off the train and ran to say hello to Chairman Mao.
Chairman Mao smiled and shook hands with the train driver, and asked with concern: "Teacher, how many years have you been driving a train?" ”
"I learned to drive a train very early, but after the founding of New China, the government arranged for me to do administrative work. This time, in order to ensure chairman Mao's safety, he went back to his old business! ”
In the front row is the Gaoke Pavilion
At this time, Comrade Gao Keting, who was mainly in charge of Shandong's industry, introduced to Chairman Mao: "This comrade had previously driven trains during the War of Resistance Against Japan, and is now the section chief of the Jinan locomotive maintenance section. ”
After hearing this, Chairman Mao happily shook the hand of the duan commander and said, "Thank you for driving the train for me, old comrade!" ”
Later, Chairman Mao re-boarded the special train, and the train continued to Yanzhou. On the way, Chairman Mao first used the method of asking questions to cause the topic: "Do you know how the place name Qufu came from?" ”
Qufu, Shandong
Chairman Mao's question surprised everyone, and if you want to talk about the origin of the "three holes," you may be able to say one, two, three, but when you want to ask about the origin of Qufu, none of you present can answer it.
Seeing that everyone was looking at each other, Chairman Mao smiled and lit a cigarette and told the history of Qufu's place names: "According to Ying Shao, a famous historian of the Eastern Han Dynasty, there is a fu in the middle of Lucheng, and the chief of the song is seven or eight miles, so it is called Qufu. 'There is a tushan mountain in the east of Qufu City called Fangshan, which is much higher than the city like a plateau, which should be the same as the saying 'Tushan Yuefu' in Liu Xi's "Interpretation of the Name" of the Eastern Han Dynasty, which is the origin of qufu place names. ”
Qufu Mountain View
After a pause, Chairman Mao remembered another piece of History in Qufu: "Do you know? Qufu was once home to six national capitals. It is said that the first to come to Qufu was the famous Shennong clan, that is, the Yan Emperor, who was the brother of the Yellow Emperor, and we often say "Yan Huang" refers to these two people. After the death of the Yellow Emperor, Shao Hao succeeded to the throne and moved the capital to Qufu, and he inherited the legacy of the Yellow Emperor, which made the qufu area develop rapidly and became the cultural center at that time. ”
"Then what happened?" Xu Shiyou, who was sitting nearby, hurriedly inquired, saying that Xu Shiyou had always been very attentive to these historical stories told by Chairman Mao as an opportunity for himself to learn and progress.
Schematic diagram of the Zhou GongDong Crusade
Chairman Mao continued to speak with relish: "Later, the title of 'Ancient Capital of the Amami Kingdom' appeared here, and during the Shang Dynasty, It existed as the capital of the king for a long time, and later Pan Geng moved the capital from here to Yin, which is today's Anyang region. By the beginning of the Western Zhou Dynasty, the State of Yan was suppressed by King Cheng of Zhou for supporting Wu Geng's rebellion, which was called "extinguishing Xu Jianxiang" in historical sources. After the destruction of the Kingdom of Xiang, Western Zhou, in order to conquer the needs of the Dongyi clan, built the city of Lu in Qufu, and Zhou Gongdan was divided into Qufu, and his son Bo Yan was enfeoffed on behalf of his father (because Zhou Gongdan wanted to stay in the capital to assist the King of Zhou), which brought a large number of Western Zhou ritual texts and became the first monarch of the State of Lu. Qufu, as the capital of The Lu Dynasty, gave birth to a large number of ancient Chinese cultures, especially the Confucian doctrine headed by Confucius and Mencius, which had a very important impact on future generations. ”
Between Chairman Mao and everyone talking and laughing, the special train has slowly entered the Yanzhou Railway Station, where Chairman Mao transferred to a car and led a group of people toward Qufu, Shandong.
Chairman Mao visited the Confucius Temple and praised with humor: Confucius really has been promoted every year
The news of Chairman Mao's visit to Qufu had already been transmitted to the Qufu County CPC Committee by the Shandong Provincial CPC Committee two days earlier: "In the near future, leading comrades will visit Qufu for inspection, and the security work must be foolproof." At first, Confucius Yu, who was the secretary of the Qufu County CPC Committee, did not pay much attention, but it was not until the Shandong Provincial Public Security Department specially dispatched a group of comrades to be responsible for the security work that Confucius Yu realized the importance of this leadership specification, and suddenly the whole Qufu County was filled with a tense atmosphere. In accordance with the requirements of the Shandong Provincial Public Security Department, Confucius Yu made meticulous arrangements for the security work, of which the Qufu County Public Security Bureau was responsible for the Confucius Temple and the Confucius Palace, and the road safety from Yanzhou to Qufu was responsible for the party members and cadres of the county government.
Confucius took a photo in his later years
After breakfast on October 28, Confucius And others temporarily received a notice that the leader was preparing to visit Confucius directly and asked him to immediately go to the east gate of Confucius to stand by. Soon after, a black car stopped at the east gate of Confucius Palace, and from the car came a tall, red-faced man wearing a yellow tweed coat, and Confucius Yu immediately recognized that it was Chairman Mao! The excited Confucius Ziyu did not even hear how others introduced, so he stretched out his left hand and tightly grasped Chairman Mao's palm: "Hello Chairman, welcome to visit confucius house!" ”
Chairman Mao replied happily, "Good, good! Accompanied by Chairman Mao were more than twenty leading comrades of the Central Committee, and under the guidance of Confucius Yu, Chairman Mao and his party strolled into the gate of the Confucius Temple.
First of all, Chairman Mao came to DonghuaMen, where there are thirteen golden and splendid imperial monument pavilions, eight in the south and five in the north, where 53 stone stele erected by feudal emperors from the Tang to the Qing Dynasty are stored, of which the largest stone stele erected by the Qing Kangxi in 25 years weighs 35 tons.
The Thirteen Stele Pavilions of the Confucius Temple
Immediately afterward, Chairman Mao walked through the Dacheng Gate with vigor and vigor and came to the famous "Apricot Altar." Confucius Explained to Chairman Mao: "This is the place where the legendary Confucius taught. According to historical records, Confucius returned to Qufu after traveling around the world, and set up a pulpit under this tree to give lectures, so he later built an apricot altar in the Confucius Temple. ”
At this time, Chairman Mao's face had begun to sweat, he gently took off his yellow tweed hat, gently trimmed his sweat-soaked short hair, and then admired the magnificent complex of the Confucius Temple with his hands behind his back, as if he was thinking about something. He seemed to think that when he first entered the South Bank Private School in 1902, the first thing the private school teacher taught him was to bow to Confucius's tablet, and in the "Night Study Diary" he later wrote, it was recorded: "The whole team bowed to the national flag and Kong Shengsan, and the vocational teachers and students bowed to each other..."
Night School Day
Subsequently, Chairman Mao seemed to suddenly wake up from his memories, and he thoughtfully walked to the front of the Dacheng Hall, looked around, and saw that on the double-storey stone railing of the Dacheng Hall, a golden yellow hall soared into the air, and in the middle of the hall, there was an aquamarine plaque with three large golden characters written on it: "Dacheng Hall." This hall is one of the main buildings of the Confucius Temple, and is called the "Three Great Halls of the East" together with the Taihe Hall of the Forbidden City and the Tianzhao Hall of the Dai Temple.
Chairman Mao carefully looked at this magnificent Dacheng Hall, and then said to the people who visited: "The so-called 'Dacheng' is Mencius's evaluation of Confucius. Mencius said: "Boyi, the Sage of the Qing, Yi Yin, the Sage of Ren also; Yanagi Xia Hui, the Sage of harmony also; Confucius, the Sage of the Time also." Confucius's saying is a collection of great achievements. Here, Mencius compares Confucius with several sages of ancient China to find out where the real sages are. Because Confucius's thought conformed to the interests of the feudal ruling class, the feudal emperors gave him many high hats, such as Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty deposing the Hundred Families and respecting Confucianism alone, so that Confucianism has been dominant ever since; during the Tang Dynasty, Tang Taizong Li Shimin crowned Confucius as 'First Sage', and during the Gaozong Period, he was also named 'King Wenxuan'; in the Song Dynasty, Confucius was again named 'King Wenxuan', and his name became longer and longer, and finally in the Qing Dynasty, he became the 'Dacheng Most Holy Wenxuan Ancestor'. Speaking of this, Chairman Mao humorously sighed: "It seems that Confucius has been promoted every year and has been crowned from generation to generation!" Chairman Mao's humor made everyone laugh happily, and the confucius temple was full of relaxed and pleasant atmosphere.
Confucius Temple Dacheng Hall
Chairman Mao visited confucius and asked Confucius: Are you and Confucius family?
After visiting the Confucius Temple, Chairman Mao visited the Confucius Palace, located on the east side of the Confucius Temple. The so-called "Confucius Mansion", also known as the "Yansheng Gongfu", is the residence where Confucius lived in the era of the eldest grandson, this private clan continued for thousands of years, the Confucius Mansion carved beam paintings, cornice paintings, is one of the few personal residences in China's feudal society combined with the architectural form of official residence.
After Chairman Mao entered the Confucius Palace, he first saw the words "Holy Palace" hanging high on the gate in gold characters on a blue background, and a pair of Ming Dynasty stone lions standing tall in front of the door, looking very grand. At this time, Confucius Yu, who was in charge of the explanation, explained to Chairman Mao: "During the Song Renzong period, the plaque of confucius was replaced by 'Yan Sheng Gong', which was one of the most privileged nobles in China's feudal society. In the Yuan Dynasty, Yan Shenggong was promoted from a status equivalent to a Wupin official to a Sanpin official, and in the early Ming Dynasty, he was elevated to the same status as a Yipin official. In the Qing Dynasty, the 'Yan Sheng Gong' had a vacant position above the courtiers, and the feudal emperor also specially allowed the descendants of Kong Fu to ride horses in the Forbidden City and walk on the imperial road of the imperial palace. ”
The gate of Confucius
Hearing this, Xu Shiyou, who was accompanying him, smiled and sighed: "Then, the Kong family can be said to be the number one large landlord in the country, a thousand-year-old nobleman!" ”
After passing through the gate, Chairman Mao followed the road through a narrow courtyard and came to the vicinity of the second gate of the Confucius Palace. Behind the second gate of the Confucius Palace, there is a screen with a unique architectural style, called "Weeping Flower Gate" in ancient times, so named because there are eight upside-down wood carving buds around it; at the end of the Ming Dynasty, Ming Sizong personally gave the plaque of "Gift of Heavy Light", so it was later renamed "Sogo Gate". After passing through the Sogo Gate, Chairman Mao visited the Songhe diagram and the Nine Peach Diagrams left by Empress Dowager Cixi in the Second Hall, then went through the Three Doors to check the furnishings of the Three Halls, and then went to the front room to rest.
The front room of the Confucius Mansion is also the place where the owner of the Confucius Mansion entertained relatives and friends before, where Confucius Yu had prepared tea, tables and chairs for Chairman Mao and his party, and asked everyone to take a break. Chairman Mao sat in the middle of the table, and Confucius Ziyu was right next to Chairman Mao. After taking a sip of clear tea, Chairman Mao habitually lit a cigarette, then looked at the special bowl of the Confucius Government, and then asked Confucius: "After walking for so long, I still don't know your name?" ”
Confucius Yu in his later years
Confucius Ziyu hurriedly replied, "My name is Confucius Ziyu." ”
"So are you and Qufu Kong's surname family?" Chairman Mao asked curiously.
"Yes." Confucius Replied affirmatively.
"I don't know how your names are calculated?" Chairman Mao also had a certain understanding of the ancient Chinese name culture, and seemed to want to see what was special about the name of Confucius.
"It is said that during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, the Qianlong Emperor gave Confucius thirty characters as a generational point, and there were about the words 'Xingyu Chuanguang, Zhaoxian Qing prosperous, Ling Dewei Chuiyou, Qin Shaonian Xianyang', and I don't remember the rest clearly." Confucius Replied.
Chairman Mao took out a white cigarette box from his pocket with great interest, drew out the white paper in it and handed it to Confuci Ziyu, asking him to write down these words one by one.
Pictured: Chairman Mao smoking a cigarette
After carefully reading the words written by Confucius Yu, Chairman Mao smiled and handed the paper to his secretary, and then asked: "What do you call Confucius Yu?" I don't think there is this number in the Kong family's generations? ”
Confucius Ziyu replied frankly: "I will not hide from you that Chairman Mao, Ziyu is only my word, not a generation, my original name was Kong Xianbin, and I changed it to my current name after participating in the revolution." ”
Chairman Mao nodded and seemed to have a satisfactory answer. "So where are you from?"
"My family's ancestral home is PeiXian people, and more than four generations of ancestors were still in Qufu, and they fled to PeiXian at that time." Confucius Ziyu told him about his family lineage.
Interior view of the upper room in front of the Confucius House
After learning about Confucius's family lineage, Chairman Mao responded softly and then asked, "Will your children still be named according to their generations after that?" ”
"It's okay to divide by generation, it's okay not to divide it by generation, just give it a name!" Confucius replied with a thick smile.
After resting for about 20 minutes in confucius, Chairman Mao got up and went to visit Konglin by car, but because Chairman Mao was walking too fast, the outline of the speech prepared by Confucius Yu in advance did not come in handy, so he had to follow Chairman Mao's pace closely.
When Chairman Mao visited Confucius Lin, "gunshots" suddenly came out, and Confucius Was Shocked: What happened?
Chairman Mao's last visit to the "KongLin" is the exclusive cemetery of Confucius and the Kong family, and there are more than 100,000 trees in the Konglin, of which there are about 20,000 ancient trees, which are intertwined, intertwined with each other, and cover the sky and the sun, just like a natural forest park. After the group left the north gate of Qufu City by car, the car drove into The Shinto of Konglin, only to see that the green pines on both sides seemed to have been sawn off their heads and grown in tangled roots, so Chairman Mao asked Confucius Ziyu: "Why are the cypress trees on both sides sawed their heads?" ”
Confucius Ziyu pondered and explained, "Around the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, the people of the Twelve Provinces of Qufu, out of jealousy of the special status of the Confucius House, cut off the cypress heads on both sides of the Konglin Shinto, which means to cut off the long and partial branches of the main branches. ”
The towering cypress tree of Konglin
After the car entered Konglin, it stopped in front of the ancient Sushui Bridge, and after Chairman Mao got out of the car, he strolled to the head of the bridge, only to see that the small bridge here was flowing with water, smooth and quiet, and it was not comfortable. However, just as Chairman Mao was walking up to the Sushui Bridge and had just walked to the middle of the bridge, suddenly Chairman Mao's back came with a "bang" sound of a suspected gunshot, which could frighten Confucius.
But chairman Mao was very calm when he heard this voice, and he asked Confucius Ziyu with a calm expression: "Do you often shoot guns here?" ”
In his later years, Confucius took a picture
Confucius Ziyu hurriedly replied, "I don't fight often, I don't fight often, and sometimes I fight." Just when Confucius Ziyu was carefully thinking about what the sound was, the comrades in charge of driving behind him ran over and reported: "The sound just now is that the tires of the jeep behind have fired cannons." In this way, everyone's hanging hearts were relaxed, and Confucius Yu continued to introduce himself to Chairman Mao after a long sigh of relief: "After Confucius died, the disciples buried him on the edge of the Surabaya River north of Lucheng, which was only a tomb at that time, and did not have such a high standard. After the Han Dynasty, with the improvement of Confucius's status, the scale of Confucius Lin also became larger and larger. ”
Chairman Mao could not help but praise after listening: "Kong Lin, this ancient tomb group, is unique in the history of Chinese tombs, here there are not only Spring and Autumn burials, but also Qin and Han burials, if you study the history of ancient Chinese tombs, you don't need to go to other places, just go to Kong Lin!" ”
Tomb of Confucius
Before coming to the tomb of Confucius, Chairman Mao stopped and visited the tombs of Confucius and his descendants Kong Li and Kong Ling, and then prepared to leave Kong Lin, at this time it was already 11:30 a.m. On the way back, Chairman Mao sincerely sighed to Luo Ruiqing, Xu Shiyou, and others: "Qufu is the hometown of Confucius, where his old man ran a school for many years and produced many famous disciples. When I was young, I did not study Marxism-Leninism's school, I still learned Confucius's set of 'learning and learning from time to time, not also saying', although the study of this kind of content is somewhat outdated, but it is also of great benefit to me, because I can say that I can say that Confucius taught me, if it were not for Confucius, I would not even recognize the words! Chairman Mao fully affirmed the great influence of Confucius on China's education, and Chairman Mao's objective and fair evaluation of Confucius also won the unanimous approval of his fellow car people.