Map of Europe in 1648. 1648 was a very important year for Europe, and the Thirty Years' War brought about great changes in the map and political landscape of Europe. France began to rise,

Map of Europe in 1648.

1648 was a very important year for Europe, and the Thirty Years' War brought about great changes in the map and political landscape of Europe.

France began to rise as the hegemon of the European continent.

The Spanish Habsburgs suffered heavy losses, but there were still many territories. Austria remained the largest german state.

Germany and Italy were further torn apart, and the newly independent states of the Netherlands and Switzerland were born.

Britain has not yet been unified, England and the Kingdom of Scotland stand side by side, and Ireland remains alone.

The Ottoman Empire was unprecedented, expanding its power throughout

Southeastern Europe, including the Balkans and the northern part of the Black Sea.

Denmark merged with Norway to form the United Kingdom, competing with Sweden for dominance.

Sweden began to rise and expand, charging the Baltic hegemony.

Russia is just emerging and is preparing for access to the sea.

The Kingdom of Poland-Lithuania was at its peak, but it was on its way downhill.