Cheng Fangwu (1897-1984), a native of Xinhua, Hunan. Proletarian revolutionary of the mainland, loyal communist fighter, important representative of the new cultural movement, proletarian educator and social scientist. After studying in Japan in his early years, after the May Fourth Movement, he engaged in anti-imperialist and anti-feudal revolutionary cultural activities with Guo Moruo and others, and established the famous revolutionary literary group "Creation Society". He joined the Chinese Kuomintang in 1925 and served as a professor at the School of Science of Guangdong University and an instructor at the Whampoa Military Academy. After the defeat of the first civil revolutionary war, he went to Europe, joined the Communist Party of China in Paris, France in 1928, and edited the publication "Red Light", an organ of the Berlin and Paris branches of the Communist Party of China.
After returning to China in 1931, he served as the director of the Propaganda Department of the Eyu-Anhui Provincial Party Committee, the chairman of the Provincial Soviet Cultural Committee, and the secretary of the Hong'an Central County Party Committee. In January 1934, he arrived in the Central Soviet District of Ruijin, attended the Second National Congress of the Chinese Soviet, and was elected as a member of the Central Government of the Soviet Union. After arriving in northern Shaanxi in October 1935, he served as a senior class teacher and director of academic affairs at the Party School of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. After the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression in 1937, he successively served as the president of the Northern Shaanxi Public School, the president of North China United University, the chairman of the Jin-Cha-Ji Border Region Senate, a member of the Central Bureau of the CPC Jin-Cha-Ji, and the vice president of North China University. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, he served as vice president, president and secretary of the party committee of Chinese University, president and secretary of the party committee of Northeast Normal University and Shandong University, adviser to the Party School of the CPC Central Committee, member of the Cpc Central Advisory Committee, and honorary president of Chinese Min University. He was a deputy to the Seventh, Eighth and Twelfth National Congresses of the Communist Party of China, a deputy to the First, Second, Third, Fourth and Fifth National People's Congresses, and a member of the Standing Committee of the First and Fifth National Committees of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.
Before the founding of New China, Cheng Fangwu founded Shaanxi North Public School, North China Union University, North China University and other schools; after the founding of New China, he successively served as the president and party secretary of Northeast Normal University, Shandong University, and Chinese University, and was the main general of the higher education front in New China. Throughout his life, he loved the country, was loyal to the party, pursued the truth, and continued to forge ahead with the development of the revolution, pioneering and innovating. As a Marxist educator, Cheng Fangwu has a high degree of theoretical accomplishment and political foresight, and is full of the spirit of struggle, sacrifice and creativity.
Abandonment from literature: from gun majors to revolutionary literature
Cheng Fangwu (成芳吾), also known as Chang Wu (昌惁), was born on August 24, 1897 in Zhifang Tuan, Xinhua County, Hunan Province (now Langtang Town) in a family of scholars. His grandfather Cheng Mingyu was a scholar of the ninth year of Tongzhi and a third-year scholar of Guangxu, known for his profound knowledge in Xiangzhong, who served as Wuqiang and Xingtang zhi county, and was appointed as a political doctor in the seventeenth year of Guangxu. Grandfather was very fond of his young and studious little grandson, and named him Fangwu, which means that the grandson is as studious and upright as he is. Cheng Fangwu's father, Cheng Da Tao, was the eldest son of Cheng Mingyu, who was fond of books and was a famous local talent. Her mother, Dai Yuetao, is knowledgeable and virtuous, and has a great influence on Cheng Fangwu. Under the influence of the family atmosphere, he began to study at home at the age of 4 and developed a good habit of independent learning. However, Cheng Fangwu's childhood was fateful, and his father, grandfather, and mother died one after another. In 1910, he traveled east to Japan with his elder brother Narima (a member of the League) to study.
After entering Japan, Narigo entered Nagoya No. 5 Middle School, and with his clever diligence and outstanding language talent since childhood, he basically mastered Japanese in less than a year. In 1914, Cheng Fanwu entered the second department (engineering) of Okayama No. 6 High School. During his study abroad, the discrimination and contempt of foreign students against China inspired his aspirations of "saving the country through industry" and "enriching the country and strengthening the army". In the summer of 1917, He was admitted to the Military Engineering Department of Tokyo Imperial University to study gun manufacturing. He studied scientific knowledge assiduously, taking courses such as torpedoes, gun manufacturing, and ballistics, and was exposed to the most advanced military science and technology in the world at that time.
In May 1918, Cheng Fangwu participated in the struggle of students studying in Japan against Duan Qirui's signing of the Sino-Japanese Military Pact, and organized a strike with great patriotic enthusiasm. Cheng Fangwu returned to China for the first time and went to Shanghai to participate in the petition activities. However, this struggle ultimately failed, and Cheng Fangwu fell into an unprecedented depression. The ensuing May Fourth New Culture Movement ignited the fire of ideals in Cheng Fangwu's heart, making him begin to reflect on the fact that it may not be feasible to save the country by relying on science and technology alone, and it is necessary to fundamentally transform the national thinking. Therefore, Cheng Fangwu resolutely "abandoned work and followed the literature" and embarked on a new road of literature and revolution.
In June 1921, Cheng Fangwu, together with Guo Moruo, Yu Dafu, Zhang Ziping, and other students studying in Japan, formed a new literary group "Creation Society", and successively founded various progressive newspapers and periodicals such as "Creation Weekly" to publish revolutionary literary works that awakened the masses and promote the new cultural movement. Cheng Fangwu actively advocated the revolutionary literary movement, published literary and art criticism articles such as "From Literary Revolution to Revolutionary Literature" and "The Necessity of All Criticism", and analyzed the future path of the Chinese revolution with the world outlook and methodology of dialectical materialism. Cheng Fangwu made a unique contribution to the Creation Society, and was called "the heart of the Creation Society" by Guo Moruo.
In the spring of 1924, creation day and creation weekly newspaper were discontinued one after another, and the creation quarterly magazine was also difficult to sustain. In June and July, Cheng Fangwu left Shanghai and came to Guangzhou, the revolutionary center at that time. He is a professor of physical mechanics, a professor of German, a professor of literary and art theory at the School of Science of Guangdong University, and a political instructor at the Whampoa Army Officer School. Here, Cheng Came into contact with mao zedong, Zhou Enlai, Yun Daiying, Liu Shaoqi, Sun Bingwen and many other communists, as well as revolutionary cultural figures such as Lu Xun. In April 1927, Cheng Fangwu studied and applied Marxist theory, and together with Lu Xun, Guo Moruo and others, jointly published the "Declaration of Chinese Writers to the British Intellectual Class and the General Public" on the 30th issue of the 3rd volume of the Creation Society's "Flood" magazine. Based on the slogan of "the proletarians of the whole world united" put forward by Marx and Engels in the Communist Manifesto, the article shouted the loud slogan of "the people of the world hurry up and unite to overthrow capitalist imperialism". At this time, Cheng Fangwu had obviously begun to study the Communist Manifesto and Marxist theory, and changed from a "cultural person" to a "revolutionary person".
Towards Education: The Only University Professor on the Long March
After 1927, Cheng Fangwu not only used his pen, but also directly threw himself into the torrent of revolutionary struggle, gradually developing from a radical patriotic and democratic petty-bourgeois writer into a staunch proletarian revolutionary, and came into contact with education on the Long March Road, and then actively engaged in educational practice. After the defeat of the first civil revolutionary war, Cheng Fangwu traveled through Shanghai, Japan, and Moscow to Europe to study Marxist theory. In August 1928, in Paris, France, Cheng Fangwu was introduced by He Zhaoxu and Zhan Weiqing to join the Communist Party of China, becoming a real communist fighter, and editing the Publication of the Berlin and Paris branches of the Communist Party of China, "Chiguang", which was an important contribution of Cheng Fangwu to the revolutionary cause.
In the spring of 1929, in order to make "Red Light" better and to study Marxist theory in Marx's hometown, Cheng Fangwu moved from Paris, France to Berlin, Germany. The organization of the Communist Party of China in Germany is called the Chinese Speech Group of the Communist Party of Germany, and Cheng Fangwu often participates in the activities of the German Communist Party together with the comrades of the Chinese Group, participates in the demonstrations of the German people, and organizes Chinese students in Berlin to study Marxism. At the same time, Cheng Fangwu also studied political theory courses at the School of Political Science of the University of Berlin and the Communist Night University run by the Central Committee of the German Communist Party, and also studied original Works in German, such as "Capital", "The French Revolution", and "Socialism from Utopia to the Development of Science".
In October 1931, after three years of living in France and Germany, Cheng Fangwu returned to the motherland according to the instructions of the party organization, taking into account the needs of the development of the revolutionary situation in China. In November, he was ordered to the Eyu-Anhui Revolutionary Base Area as the director of the Propaganda Department of the Provincial Party Committee, the chairman of the Provincial Soviet Cultural Committee, and the secretary of the Hong'an Central County Party Committee. Because Wang Ming's "Left" opportunism led to the failure of the fifth anti-"encirclement and suppression" campaign, the Red Army had to start a difficult Long March. At this time, Cheng Fangwu had just recovered from his illness and was weak, and his organization wanted him to stay in the Soviet area. Li Weihan, then director of the Organization Department of the CPC Central Committee, asked Cheng Fangwu for his own opinion, and Cheng Fangwu said categorically: "I am used to acting with the troops, let me go!" So Cheng Fangwu, as the only intellectual in the Red Army at that time with the title of university professor, dragged his weak body to participate in the Long March, and together with Xu Teli served as a political instructor in the cadre regiment. On October 19, 1935, Cheng Fangwu arrived with the Red Army in Wuqi Town, the Red District of Northern Shaanxi, and won a great victory in the Long March of the Red Army. Among the writers of the Chinese revolution, only Cheng Fangwu and Feng Xuefeng personally experienced the Long March; as a university professor, only Cheng Fangwu experienced the hardships and trials of the Long March alone.
As the only university professor on the Long March Road, Cheng Fangwu undertook a lot of educational work and cultivated a large number of revolutionary talents with firm faith. He successively served as a senior class teacher and director of academic affairs at the Party School of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. In order to expand Marxist propaganda, the CPC Central Committee attached greater importance to the translation, publication, and study of Marxist-Leninist classics, and established the Marxist-Leninist Academy, which has a compilation department under it, which is specially responsible for the translation of Marxist works. In order to meet the urgent needs of the anti-Japanese struggle and train young people and intellectuals to become revolutionary cadres, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China decided to establish a new type of revolutionary university. In August 1937, Cheng Fangwu was nominated by Mao Zedong to preside over the establishment of the Northern Shaanxi Public School, and served as the president and secretary of the Northern Shaanxi Public School. From the beginning of the school year on November 1, 1937 to July 1939, in less than two years, the school sent more than 6,000 cadres to the anti-Japanese front and absorbed more than 3,000 outstanding elements to join the Communist Party. Under the rather difficult conditions at that time, a large number of cadres and talents were trained for the Chinese revolution at a high speed and with high quality, which can be called a miracle in the history of Chinese education.
In June 1939, in the face of the severe situation at that time, the central government decided to merge The Shaanxi North Public School, Yan'an Lu Xun Art Institute, AnWubao Youth Training Class and Yan'an Workers' School to form North China United University, with Cheng Fangwu as the president. In July 1939, a group of teachers and students of North China United University set out from Yan'an and rushed to the front line of the Anti-Japanese Resistance in North China, Jinji, Hebei, Luyu, and North China to support the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression in North China by rapidly training a large number of cadres. Later, Cheng Fangwu wrote "University in the Fire of War" to recall this experience. In 1941, there were more than 4,000 teachers and students at North China Union University, which was equivalent to three times the number of people when they arrived behind enemy lines from Yan'an. In April 1945, Cheng Fangwu attended the Seventh National Congress of the Party as a representative of Jin-Cha-Ji.
Later, Cheng Fangwu's Memoirs of the Long March was officially published by the People's Publishing House in 1977. The book reproduces the whole process and all major events of the Long March, and the text is full of tragedy and joy, vividly embodying the heroism of the Red Army in overcoming difficulties, and becoming a classic bibliography for the party history circles to study the history of the Red Army's Long March.
Sticking to the Original Intention: Five Proofreadings of the Communist Manifesto
From April 23 to June 11, 1945, the Seventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China was held in Yan'an, and Cheng Fangwu returned to Yan'an from Fuping County, Jin-Cha-Ji Border Region to attend the "Seventh National Congress". In addition to his busy work, he continued to proofread and translate the Communist Manifesto. After completing it, he handed the manuscript to the Liberation Society for publication. The proofreading during the "Seventh National Congress" in Yan'an was not his first proofreading of the Communist Manifesto, but the third time. However, in the process of the bombing of Yan'an and the subsequent evacuation of Yan'an, the manuscript of the Communist Manifesto, which was translated this time, is unknown or destroyed, and its whereabouts are unknown and there is no trace. In fact, the 1945 translation was preceded by two proofreadings of the Communist Manifesto, and twice since. Cheng Fangwu's five-time proofreading of the Communist Manifesto is a brilliant example in the history of the translation of Mann's works on the mainland.
The first proofreading of the Communist Manifesto dates back to 1929, when he studied Marxist theory in Europe. Cai Hesen, the main head of the CPC Central Committee and a member of the CPC delegation to the Comintern in Moscow, learned that Cheng Fangwu was knowledgeable and proficient in many foreign languages, so he sent him a letter from Moscow asking him to translate the Communist Manifesto. Since no one had ever tried to translate the Communist Manifesto directly from German before, there was no experience to draw upon, no translation to refer to, and this was bound to be a difficult task. But after reading the letter, Cheng Fangwu resolutely decided to accept the work. As a result, he completed the Chinese translation of the Communist Manifesto based on the German version of the most popular Communist Manifesto of the time, as well as the English and French translations. Cheng Fangwu went to the Central Committee of the German Communist Party and commissioned a German Communist Party member to take the translation to Moscow and forward it to Cai hesen. However, in early 1931, Cai hesen had been ordered to return to China as the secretary of the Guangdong Provincial Party Committee, and died in August of the same year. The translation of cheng fangwu's first edition of the Communist Manifesto Chinese was unfortunately lost during the process of transmission.
The second proofreading of the Communist Manifesto was during his tenure as the principal of the Northern Shaanxi Public School in Yan'an. In 1938, the Propaganda Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China accidentally found a German version of the Communist Manifesto, believing that it would be more accurate to translate it directly from the original text, so xu Bing (Xing Xiping), the editor of the Liberation Daily, who had returned from Germany, commissioned Xu Bing (Xing Xiping), an editor of the Liberation Daily, to re-translate the Communist Manifesto directly from the German version. After taking over the task, Cheng Fangwu and Xu Bing divided the book into two parts to cooperate in translation, Cheng Fangwu was responsible for translating the first half, and Xu Bing was responsible for translating the second half. At that time, the material conditions in the Yan'an Liberated Area were poor, reference materials were scarce, and there was not even a German dictionary. In August 1938, Cheng Fangwu and Xu Bing overcame many difficulties to complete the joint translation of the Communist Manifesto, which was integrated and read through by Cheng Fangwu and delivered to the newly established Liberation Society as the fourth official publication of the "Man Series". The translation, which contains the text of the Communist Manifesto and the three prefaces to the German edition, is the first edition published in China to be translated from the original German language. This edition was directly organized and translated by the Communist Party of China, and for the first time published a standard image of Marx and Engels in front of the book, so that people could intuitively see Marx and Engels; this edition had both vertical and horizontal layouts, and began to have the characteristics of modern books; this edition was highly valued by the Party, printed and published with high quality during the period of Cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, and was highly recognized by the Party. It can be said that during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the translated "Communist Manifesto" was a must-read book for party members and cadres, and it was also an indispensable textbook for the Marxist-Leninist curriculum of Northern Shaanxi Public School, which played a tremendous role in improving the theoretical level of Marxism in the whole party. Li Kuiliu, who later assisted Cheng Fangwu in his translation work, said in his memoirs: The advent of this translation can be said to be a brilliant lightning bolt on the front of spreading Marxism at that time, causing a thunderous response.
The fourth translation of the Communist Manifesto was to commemorate the 135th anniversary of Marx's birth. In 1952, based on his firm belief and unremitting pursuit of the cause of communism, Cheng Fangwu decided to translate the Communist Manifesto for the fourth time. He squeezed out time and worked tirelessly to once again comprehensively and systematically proofread the Yan'an version of the translation, and strived to reflect the content and views of the original work more accurately and completely. Soon, Cheng Fangwu left Chinese Min University and was transferred to the president of Northeast Normal University. Therefore, the four translations were later printed as commemorative editions of the 105th anniversary of the publication of the Communist Manifesto and the 135th anniversary of Marx's birth, and were printed in small quantities by Chinese Min University and Northeast Normal University for use on campus. This proofreading was done by Cheng Fangwu alone, and the bittersweet and bittersweet in it may be difficult for ordinary people to appreciate. In the afterword to the re-proofing, he said: The translation of the text is very difficult to satisfy, but fortunately, the Communist Manifesto is a treasure suitable for careful chewing, and I believe it will still be helpful to comrades who have studied carefully or studied it repeatedly.
The fifth proofreading of the Communist Manifesto was carried out in accordance with the instructions of Comrade Mao Zedong. In July 1974, the elderly Cheng Fangwu wrote a letter to Mao Zedong in Jinan, hoping to re-proofread the original work. When Mao Zedong received the letter, he immediately gave instructions: "Transfer him to Beijing as an imitation of Wu and let him specialize in the translation and proofreading of Marxist classics." In September of the same year, Cheng Fangwu was ordered to be transferred back to Beijing. At the same time, the Central Party School dispatched Wang Yawen, Ma Qijing, Li Kuiliu, Zheng Yiqian, and others to form a working group for the proofreading and translation of the Communist Manifesto to assist Cheng Fangwu in re-proofreading and translating several original works of The Communist Manifesto, including the Communist Manifesto. During the proofreading period, he would discuss with his assistants for three or four hours a day, study several different German versions, find differences, and study them sentence by sentence. It took three years and underwent three major revisions to form the first draft. After the first draft came out, he immediately sent it to Hu Qiaomu, Fan Ruoyu, Zhang Zhongshi, and other comrades, asking them to criticize and correct them. He also summoned more than 30 people from the theoretical circles to attend the symposium and solicit opinions extensively. The new translation was highly praised by Marxist theoretical circles, who held that "the old translation has improved in principle, not technically" (Fan Ruoyu). In 1976, the new translation was printed at the Central Party School for trial and submitted to the Politburo. On May 18, 1976, Cheng Fangwu submitted the new translation of the Communist Manifesto to Zhu De, chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, for review. Zhu De was very happy to see the new translation, and personally went to the apartment of Cheng Fangwu of the Central Party School to meet him, and the two old comrades-in-arms talked for more than an hour. In 1978, it was officially published by the People's Publishing House. By this time, Cheng Had already proofread the Communist Manifesto five times, and more than half a century had passed since he began translating chapters of Marne's writings in Paris in 1929.
Cheng Fangwu experienced the theoretical study of European Marxism and the revolutionary baptism of the arduous Long March of the Red Army, and fully realized the importance of Marxist theory to education. As an educator, he attaches particular importance to the education of Marxist theory in his students. Taking advantage of his proficiency in the five Chinese of Japanese, German, English, French, and Russian, he proofread and translated the Communist Manifesto five times, which is an important manifestation of this original intention. He regarded Marxist theoretical education as the core content and important characteristic of proletarian education, which not only reflected his loyalty to the cause of communism, but also fully reflected his original adherence to the cause of proletarian education.
Faith: Dedicate your life to the cause of education
In the spring of 1948, many large cities in North China were liberated one after another, and in order to welcome the birth of New China, it was necessary to train a large number of construction cadres. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China decided to merge North China Union University and North China University into North China University, with Wu Yuzhang as president and Fan Wenlan and Cheng Fangwu as vice presidents. From its establishment in August 1948 to November 1949, North China University graduated a total of about 19,000 students, which is undoubtedly a blessing in disguise for the new China, which is in urgent need of a large number of cadres and construction talents, and has made historic contributions to the new democratic revolution and construction. On October 1, 1949, Cheng Fangwu ascended the Tiananmen Tower to participate in the founding ceremony. On October 9, as the chief representative of educators, he attended the first meeting of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.
Cheng Fangwu attaches great importance to China's education cause and persistently dedicates himself to the party's education cause. As early as August 1945, during the third translation of the Communist Manifesto in Yan'an, he lived in Yangjialing. One day, Mao Zedong personally visited Cheng Fangwu's cave, solicited his opinion on "On coalition government," and asked him: "Comrade Fangwu, after the founding of New China, do you plan to engage in political power or education?" Cheng Fangwu replied without hesitation: "I still do education work." After the founding of New China, Zhou Enlai also asked Cheng Fangwu what work he wanted to do, and he still said happily: "Still do educational work." Since then, Cheng Fangwu has been working the education front until the end of his life.
After the founding of New China, talents were urgently needed for all construction undertakings. Under the direct care of Liu Shaoqi, Wu Yuzhang, Cheng Fangwu and others took charge, based on North China University, and began to create China's first new type of university, Chinese Min University. In February 1950, Chinese University enrolled 136 workers and students, and in October, the Department of Specialized Studies enrolled another 27 workers, beginning the history of recruiting workers to university. On October 3, 1950, Chinese University held a grand opening ceremony, which was attended by Liu Shaoqi, Zhu De, and leading comrades of various central ministries and commissions. During his work at Chinese Min University, Cheng Fangwu actively explored ways and means to reform higher education and adopted some new measures. For example, let the outstanding workers go to Chinese University for further study. At the same time, the teaching and research department is regarded as the most important teaching organization of colleges and universities, and systematic political theory courses are set up.
In October 1952, the Ministry of Education transferred Cheng Fangwu from Chinese University to Northeast Normal University as president and party secretary. His work at Northeast Normal University is very distinctive and fruitful, and while doing a good job in the overall work of the school, he highlights the key work and conducts systematic education in Marxist-Leninist theory in the school. Cheng Fangwu believes: "Political and ideological education is a very important issue, and attaching importance to systematic political theory education is the characteristic of the new type of university. In December 1952, in order to strengthen systematic marxist-Leninist theoretical education, Cheng Fangwu established four directly subordinate teaching and research departments, including "History of the Chinese Revolution", "Foundation of Marxism-Leninism", "Political Economy", "Dialectical Materialism and Historical Materialism", and concurrently served as the director of the teaching and research department of "Foundation of Marxism-Leninism".
■ In July 1954, President Cheng Fangwu signed a commemorative photo for the graduates of Northeast Normal University. Profile picture
In August 1958, the Ministry of Education transferred Cheng Fangwu from Northeast Normal University to Shandong University as president and party secretary. Cheng Fangwu organized teachers and students of Shandong University to move from Qingdao to Jinan. While doing a good job in the work of the teaching and research department, Cheng Fangwu pays attention to the political and ideological education of students, so that students can establish a correct world outlook and values. In the first 8 years of Shandong University, the work has achieved gratifying results. After the "Cultural Revolution" began in 1966, Cheng Fangwu was suspended from his post for reflection and became the target of criticism. In 1973, Cheng Began to write "Memoirs of the Long March". In October 1977, it was published by the People's Publishing House. At the same time, Cheng Fangwu also wrote historical works such as "Universities in the Midst of War: A Review from Northern Shaanxi Gonggong to Renmin University" and "Remembering the Traitor Zhang Guotao". These are precious historical documents that have the dual value of historiography and literature. Following the translation of the Communist Manifesto, the Translation Team carefully translated the Critique of the Gotha Programme, The End of Ludwig Feuerbach and German Classical Philosophy, and The Development of Socialism from Utopia to Science.
In July 1978, the State Council appointed Cheng Fangwu as president and secretary of the party committee of Chinese University, and Guo Yingqiu as vice president and second secretary of the party committee to restore Chinese min University. At this time, Cheng Fangwu was 81 years old, and under his leadership, Chinese University, which had been suspended for 8 years, restored and built 15 departments and 7 new research institutes.
The years did not spare people, and the long-term fatigue finally made chengfang's overwork into a disease. On May 17, 1984, Cheng Fangwu died in Beijing due to cerebral hemorrhage at the age of 87. He was not only an early translator and disseminator of Marxist theory on the mainland, but also a firm practitioner of Marxist theory in the revolutionary period, devoted himself to the research and education of Marxist theory, and a pioneer and pioneer of Marxist theoretical education on the mainland. These revolutionary experiences shaped his spiritual temperament and firm faith as a Marxist educator.
As stated in the "Life of Comrade Cheng Fangwu" examined and approved by the Secretariat of the CPC Central Committee, his life was "a life of eternal attack for the cause of communism, a life of arduous exploration and creation for the cause of proletarian education, and a life of bowing to the spread of Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought." His persistent and firm belief in communism and his spirit of ceaseless struggle for the cause of proletarian education are the eternal driving force leading us to forge ahead in the new era and new journey.
(Author Affilications:Faculty of Marxism, Northeast Normal University)
Edit: Hu Zixuan