People's Daily - People's Daily
Born in August 1897 in Xinhua County, Hunan Province, Cheng Fangwu studied in Japan in his early years and returned to China in 1921. After the May Fourth Movement, together with Guo Moruo and others, they successively engaged in anti-imperialist and anti-feudal revolutionary cultural activities in Japan and at home, and established the famous revolutionary literary group "Creation Society". In March 1926, Cheng Fangwu went to Guangzhou, the revolutionary center at that time, to teach at Guangdong University, and at the same time served as the acting director of the Weapons Department of the Whampoa Military Academy. After the defeat of the Great Revolution, Cheng imitated me through Shanghai and Japan, went into exile in Europe, persisted in the revolution, and studied Marxism. In August 1928, Cheng Fangwu joined the Communist Party of China in Paris, and edited the publication "Red Light", an organ of the Berlin and Paris branches of the Communist Party of China.
In September 1931, after returning to China, Cheng Fangwu arrived at the Eyu-Anhui base area in early November and served as a member of the Standing Committee of the CPC Eyu-Anhui Provincial Committee, the Director of Propaganda, the Chairman of the Provincial Soviet Cultural Committee, the Director of the Education Committee, and later the Secretary of the Hong'an Central County Party Committee. In January 1934, Cheng Went to Ruijin to attend the Second National Congress of the Chinese Soviet Republic and was elected as a member of the Central Executive Committee. After the meeting, Cheng Fangwu stayed in the Central Propaganda Department and the Central Party School. In October 1934, he participated in the Long March with the Central Red Army, and on the way, he served as the political commissar of the cadre regiment with Xu Teli.
After arriving in northern Shaanxi in October 1935, Cheng Fangwu served as a teacher and director of the senior class of the Central Party School. After the outbreak of the National War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression in 1937, the Central Committee decided to establish Shaanxi North Public School, with Cheng Fangwu as its principal. In 1939, he led thousands of young students to the enemy's back and founded the North China United University, successively serving as the president of the North China Union University, the chairman of the Jin-Cha-Ji Border Region Senate, a member of the Central Bureau of the CPC Jin-Cha-Ji, and the vice president of North China University. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, he successively served as vice president, president, party secretary and honorary president of Chinese Min University, president and party secretary of Northeast Normal University and Shandong University, and adviser to the Central Party School.
Cheng Fangwu has been engaged in the party's education since he taught at the Ruijin Central Party School in 1934. Fluent in many languages, he has long devoted himself to the propagation and defense of Marxism. He translated the Communist Manifesto five times, and proofread and translated marxist classics such as the Critique of the Gotha Program and The Idea of Socialism from Utopia to Science, making important contributions to the accurate propagation of Marxism. He advocated revolutionary literature and created many works, which played an important role in promoting the new cultural movement of our revolution.
On May 17, 1984, Cheng Fangwu died of illness in Beijing. He was 87 years old.