What is the difference between wars fought in the past and wars fought in the future?
Nie Rongzhen held that fighting wars in the new period must be gradually modernized, and narrowing the gap with the world's advanced level is the biggest issue at present.
Indeed, wars that used to be fought on tactics and numbers are now increasingly dependent on modern weapons such as nuclear weapons, radar, and so on.
Nie Rongzhen knew this well.
So what happened next?
Before dying, Nie Rongzhen instructed Zhang Jieqing to convey which five sentences to Peng Zhen?
Nie Rongzhen and his wife
Today's Brief History Archive will talk to you about Nie Rongzhen's story.
Nie Rongzhen listened to Hong Xuezhi's opinions
For modern weapons and equipment, Nie Rongzhen has always been in charge and attaches great importance to it.
In 1977, Nie Rongzhen said at a meeting on the Standing Committee of the Central Military Commission, which studied the task of national defense scientific research:
"To carry out cutting-edge projects such as satellites and missiles, it is still necessary to implement the spirit of centralization, unification, and great cooperation."
It is true that the new model cannot wait until the old model is finalized before starting to test, after all, the development of a weapon, especially a sophisticated weapon, is a long cycle.
In order to develop modern weapons, Nie Rongzhen specially invited Liu Huaqing, assistant chief of the general staff in charge of weapons and equipment at that time, to talk.
Liu
During the conversation, Nie Rongzhen ordered Liu Huaqing to pay attention to buying patents when buying foreign weapons.
However, Nie Rongzhen believes that the main reason for buying foreign weapons is imitation research, which can be designed and manufactured for self-reliance in the future.
Indeed, studying and producing one's own is king, and it is absolutely not subject to others.
However, this idea was quickly denied by Hong Xuezhi, director of the Office of Defense Industry.
Hong Xuezhi said to Nie Rongzhen:
"It is delusional to rely on imports to modernize weapons and equipment, and we must not rely on imports to buy national defense modernization, but we must still base ourselves on self-reliance."
Nie Rongzhen thought about it carefully and agreed with Hong Xuezhi's statement.
Hong Xuezhi
Subsequently, arrangements were made in the order of development of weapons and equipment:
First do a good job of army equipment, followed by air force equipment, and then naval equipment.
Soon, problems followed!
On October 7, 1982, China's first submarine-launched submarine-launched submarine-to-surface missile test failed.
After Nie Rongzhen learned of this situation, he neither complained nor criticized, but personally called the leaders who were directing at the scene to comfort him.
Nie Rongzhen said:
"Since it is an experiment, there are two possibilities of success and failure, just like China's women's volleyball team competes for the championship, victory is not arrogant, defeat is not discouraged, everyone should not be discouraged."
After listening to Nie Rongzhen's words, the leaders and scientific and technological personnel at the test site were moved to tears.
Submarine-surface missiles
Five days later, a second submarine launch of a submarine-launched submarine-to-surface missile was carried out.
And this time it finally worked!
In addition to this, Nie Rongzhen has always been concerned about the development of nuclear weapons.
In February 1988, Nie Rongzhen invited the then premier to come to his home, and the two had not seen each other for a long time, just as Nie Rongzhen had something to say.
After some greetings, the two sat down, and Nie Rongzhen said with concern:
"We must have nuclear weapons, but not more, less and more refined, and the same is true for surface-to-surface missiles, without which we don't count what we say, and no one listens."
Nie Rongzhen
Indeed, with the development and progress of the times, without missiles and weapons, it is impossible to confront and break the nuclear blackmail of the imperialist countries.
After hearing these words, the Prime Minister very much agreed with the old chief.
It has to be said that Nie Rongzhen's far-sightedness has made new and valuable contributions to the revolutionary modernization of the People's Liberation Army.
Nie Rongzhen received the Five Heroes of Wolf Tooth Mountain
The cause of national defense is booming, and the direction of New China is moving toward prosperity step by step.
In addition to this euphoria, the keen Nie Rongzhen noticed that some people had lost the correct political direction and began to have some feudal ideas.
So Nie Rongzhen decided to start writing a revolutionary memoir!
In the spring of 1980, the writer Wei Wei was very excited to hear that Nie Rongzhen was going to start writing his memoirs, and then under the instructions of the Party Committee of the Beijing Military Region of the Communist Party of China, Wei Wei came to Nie Rongzhen's home.
Wei Wei
Wei Wei then expressed the meaning of the Central Military Commission to Nie Rongzhen and decided to write a biography for Nie Rongzhen.
After Nie Rongzhen listened, he was silent for a long time and did not express his position.
Two months later, Nie Rongzhen replied to Wei Wei, feeling that it was really inappropriate to write a biography for himself, and he still wanted to write a memoir.
However, Nie Rongzhen changed his mind and decided to use his own personal experience to write this memoir, which is also of historical significance.
Done with that!
Subsequently, Nie Rongzhen began to meet with heroic and exemplary figures from all walks of life and listen to them tell their stories about the glorious revolutionary history of the Communist Party of China.
In the process, Nie Rongzhen also personally wrote inscriptions for many people and events with publicity and education significance, and wrote a preface to many good works.
To put it bluntly, as long as it is beneficial to carry forward the revolutionary tradition, Nie Rongzhen will spare no effort to do it.
Ge Zhenlin
For example, in 1983, Nie Rongzhen personally received Ge Zhenlin, one of the five heroes of Wolf's Tooth Mountain.
At that time, Ge Zhenlin happened to be passing through Beijing, and Nie Rongzhen took this opportunity to personally invite him to his home.
The deeds of the five heroes of Wolf-Tooth Mountain are famous all over the world, and the spirit of revolutionary heroism displayed by the five heroes is the pride of the Chinese nation.
Nie Rongzhen excitedly said to Ge Zhenlin:
"You are the only one left in the whole class of the Five Heroes of Wolf's Tooth Mountain, and you have the most right to speak in carrying forward the revolutionary spirit of the Five Heroes of Wolf's Tooth Mountain."
With the help of Nie Rongzhen, Ge Zhenlin later went to Zhangjiakou to participate in a revolutionary activity.
In this activity, Ge Zhenlin told a moving revolutionary story, which triggered more people's yearning for revolutionary heritage.
In May 1983, "Nie Rongzhen's Memoirs" was finally completely completed and handed over to the People's Liberation Army Publishing House for the first edition;
In March 1986, the second edition of Nie Rongzhen's Memoirs was published;
In 1988, Nie Rongzhen's Memoirs were translated into English;
In 1991, "Nie Rongzhen's Memoirs" was published in Hong Kong in traditional Chinese vertical typesetting and distributed all over the world;
After the release of "Nie Rongzhen's Memoirs", it has been well received by all walks of life in the society, and has won the National Excellent Bestseller Grand Prize and the "Oriental Cup" Documentary Literature Award.
The influence brought by this book is exactly what Nie Rongzhen wants to do, and he has done it!
Nie Rongzhen was sad to shoot a wheelchair after hearing about Rong Guanxiu's death
On August 13, 1989, Nie Rongzhen was recuperating at home.
The first on the left is Nie Rongzhen
In recent days, Nie Rongzhen's health is not very good, in order to facilitate the movement, so Nie Rongzhen was sitting in a wheelchair at the time, wandering around in the courtyard.
At this time, the secretary suddenly ran in and reported:
The Pingshan County CPC Committee sent a telegram of condolences that Rong Guanxiu, the "mother of the children and soldiers," unfortunately died of illness yesterday.
After Nie Rongzhen heard this news, he slapped the armrest of his wheelchair in pain and refused to stop.
It was not until two or three minutes later that Nie Rongzhen stopped slapping the wheelchair, and in a low voice instructed the secretary to immediately draft a telegram to the Hebei Provincial Party Committee and the Pingshan County Party Committee.
Rong Guanxiu
The telegram says:
I was deeply saddened to learn that Comrade Rong Guanxiu, the mother of the famous "disciple soldier", had unfortunately died of illness.
During the war years, comrade Rong Guanxiu's heroic deeds. It has inspired the tens of millions of people and the people's children and soldiers in the Jin-Cha-Ji Border Region. I was also deeply touched by her spirit.
It is precisely this kind of feeling between the military and the people that has won the victory of the revolutionary war, and we should continue to carry forward her revolutionary spirit, inherit her legacy, and strive to defend and build a socialist new China.
Please convey my condolences to the family of Comrade Rong Guanxiu, and express my cordial condolences, and when bidding farewell to the body of Comrade Rong Guanxiu, please send a wreath on behalf of me to express my condolences!
It is not difficult to see that Nie Rongzhen is really sad about the death of Rong Guanxiu.
During the war years, Rong Guanxiu actively raised grain and grass for the Eighth Route Army and ensured the logistics reserves of the Eighth Route Army.
Moreover, Rong Guanxiu also personally organized the Women's Salvation Association and literacy classes, so that many women embarked on the road of propaganda and anti-Japanese resistance.
The left one is Rong Guanxiu
In addition, Rong Guanxiu also personally went to the front line, actively supported the front, took care of the wounded, and made great contributions to the War of Resistance Against Japan.
Later, at the founding ceremony, Rong Guanxiu was also invited to participate and was an absolute hero of New China.
That night, Nie Rongzhen asked the secretary again if he had sent a telegram mourning Rong Guanxiu.
The secretary replied, which made Nie Rongzhen feel at ease.
Suddenly, Nie Rongzhen remembered that in 1942, When Rong Guanxiu personally sent himself a pair of cloth shoes made by himself.
The stitches of the cloth shoes were dense and thick, very strong, and the cloth shoes also accompanied Nie Rongzhen through many places.
Thinking of this, Nie Rongzhen once again couldn't help but shed tears, and the secretary present was also deeply moved.
The next day, the secretary reported the situation of the story to the Xinhua reporter, and after listening to it, the reporter immediately wrote down the newsletter "Marshal and the Mother of the Sons and Soldiers".
The full text was published in the People's Daily on August 25, 1989, and the people of the whole country were also able to understand a moving story of the army loving the people and supporting the army.
Later, at the request of all sides, Nie Rongzhen also personally contributed to many revolutionary martyrs, heroic model figures, and major historical events... And so on, a lot of inscriptions and prologues were carried out.
According to statistics, from 1990 to Nie Rongzhen's death in May 1992, in less than two and a half years, Nie Rongzhen wrote a total of 228 inscriptions and prefaces.
It can be said that Nie Rongzhen has been making contributions to carrying forward revolutionary education!
Nie Rongzhen confessed that he had two unfinished wishes
Looking back on his life, Nie Rongzhen often said that he was very happy, but he still had two unfulfilled wishes.
Nie Rongzhen and his daughter
The first wish was that Nie Rongzhen was attached to his hometown and wanted to return to Sichuan Province and Jiangjin's hometown to see.
However, nie Rongzhen's body in his later years was always good and bad, and doctors were also worried that long-distance bumps would cause damage to Nie Rongzhen's body.
Therefore, Nie Rongzhen's desire to return to his hometown has not been realized.
Out of affection for his hometown, Nie Rongzhen wrote a large number of inscriptions for his hometown, such as:
"Jiangjin is a good place", "Jiangjin Martyrs Monument", "Jiangjin Martyrs Cemetery", "Jiangjin Middle School", "Jiangjin Library", "Jiangjin Radio and Television Center"...
These Nie Rongzhen handwritings appeared on the major eye-catching buildings in Jiangjin.
This can also be regarded as Nie Rongzhen's emotional sustenance for his hometown!
The second wish is that Nie Rongzhen will love the people of the old district and regard the old district of Hebei Province as his second hometown.
From the beginning of the August 1 Nanchang Uprising to the founding of the People's Republic of China, Nie Rongzhen fought a revolutionary battle for more than 20 years.
Half of the time, Nie Rongzhen spent in Hebei, so Nie Rongzhen had long regarded Hebei as his second hometown.
In 1991, Nie Rongzhen personally wrote a letter to the Hebei Provincial Cpc Committee and the Provincial People's Government and other party and government organs.
In the letter, Nie Rongzhen expressed his gratitude to the people of the old area for caring for him, but Nie Rongzhen also stressed that he should never bring any more local specialties.
At the end of the letter, Nie Rongzhen also ordered the provincial leaders to do a good job in construction and help the people in the old areas get rid of poverty and become rich.
This old marshal who loves the country and the people, until the moment his life stops, cares about the people!
Nie Rongzhen's life had a miracle
In the early 1950s, Nie Rongzhen was very tired in his position as acting chief of the general staff, so he had a lot of illness at that time.
It was also from this moment that Nie Rongzhen began a long-term struggle with the illness. However, the illness did not affect Nie Rongzhen's life in the slightest.
Luo Ronghuan, He Long, Nie Rongzhen
On the contrary, Nie Rongzhen still insisted on exercising every day, and when he was too tired at work, Nie Rongzhen would also ask He Long and Luo Ronghuan to go fishing together.
However, in 1968, Nie Rongzhen suddenly had a very serious heart attack, and the atrial flutter lasted for more than 60 hours.
After 1970, this happened more frequently, lasting up to 72 hours at a time.
This kind of arrhythmia made Nie Rongzhen miserable, but Nie Rongzhen still comforted the doctor and asked them to make a bold decision and not have doubts.
In November 1981, Nie Rongzhen suddenly fell ill with membranous enteritis, which made him often have diarrhea, sometimes 15 times a day.
There was no good treatment for this disease at that time, the mortality rate was as high as 70%, and the chest fluid produced by pneumonia also oppressed the heart, resulting in Nie Rongzhen's heart failure.
Leaders at all levels and doctors were very anxious, but Nie Rongzhen was very calm.
Not only that, Nie Rongzhen in turn comforted everyone, and joked bluntly:
"I'm 82 years old, and if it doesn't work, it's not a short life."
And then, a miracle happened!
Nie Rongzhen, who was suffering from many diseases, under the efforts of the hospital and experts, actually made a miraculous recovery.
And this process, which only took 4 months, is really a miracle!
Nie Rongzhen asked Mrs. Peng Zhen to convey five words
In September 1991, Nie Rongzhen, who had always been in good health, suddenly began to have heart failure again.
Nie Rongzhen, Deng Yingchao
Although Nie Rongzhen temporarily turned the corner after going to the hospital, the doctor still restricted Nie Rongzhen's activities.
Perhaps Nie Rongzhen also realized that he would soon die, and this time he did not resist the doctor, but obediently obeyed and no longer busy around.
In January 1992, on a whim, Nie Rongzhen suddenly ordered his secretary to place an enlarged portrait of Chairman Mao in his office.
The secretary quickly went through the process and found two photos.
One was for Chairman Mao to work alone, and the other was for Marshals Nie Rongzhen, He Long, Luo Ronghuan, and other marshals to accompany Chairman Mao to watch the air force air show.
Nie Rongzhen thought for a while, and finally decided to hang a separate photo of Chairman Mao.
Chairman Mao, Luo Ronghuan, He Long, Nie Rongzhen
After hanging up, Nie Rongzhen looked at the portrait of Chairman Mao on the wall, did not speak for a long time, and had a smile on his face.
Now it seems that perhaps Nie Rongzhen knows that he will soon die, so he misses Chairman Mao, and this friendship is really touching!
In February, Nie Rongzhen suddenly remembered Peng Zhen's condition, so he called Peng Zhen's wife, Zhang Jieqing, and said:
"Help me convey five sentences to Peng Zhen, first, only four or five party leaders who participated in the revolution during the great revolution are alive, please take care of yourself, don't force it when you can't leave, but sit on the car and let people drag them along." According to my many years of experience, this is still good for my body; second, my heart disease has improved slightly, but the problem is still serious, the gastrointestinal digestion is not good, thank comrade Peng Zhen for his concern, and often greet people; third, I am 93 years old, joined the party for more than 70 years, and still want to try to live a few more days to see the excellent situation of the construction and development of the socialist motherland; fourth, I have died without regrets in my life, and I have no regrets in death; fifth, there are too many books and periodicals published now, and the same thing, saying the long and the short, let others comment on it. ”
Peng Zhen
After arranging these things, Nie Rongzhen's condition became more serious, and even eating and talking became a problem.
In early April, the General Hospital of the People's Liberation Army issued a notice that Nie Rongzhen was critically ill.
The leaders of the Central Committee and the Central Military Commission, as well as many old comrades, were very concerned about Nie Rongzhen's health, but Nie Rongzhen was worried that his comrades were afraid, so he refused to visit him.
Until his deathbed, Nie Rongzhen was caring for others!
Nie Rongzhen died without suffering a bit
May 14, 1992, was the last day of Nie Rongzhen's life.
As usual, in the morning, Nie Rongzhen was still listening to the staff reading the "People's Daily" and "Reference News", and she couldn't see that she was about to die.
In the afternoon, Nie Rongzhen also listened to the secretary read the document as usual, and when he read that the national fiscal revenue was greater than 26% of the expenditure, Nie Rongzhen nodded his head and smiled with satisfaction.
Later, when reading a briefing on the situation in Taiwan, Nie Rongzhen also expressed affectionate hope for Taiwan's early reunification.
The realization of the reunification of the motherland has also become the last major national event that Nie Rongzhen cared about in the last moments of his life.
At 10 p.m., Nie Rongzhen still went to sleep according to the old time.
After falling asleep, a serious ventricular rhythm disorder suddenly appeared on the ECG monitor, and soon after Nie Rongzhen began to have heart failure.
Although the doctor found it in time and carried out rescue, he still did not rescue Nie Rongzhen's life.
Without pain, without groaning, the last marshal of the Republic left peacefully.
Perhaps, this is also the blessing of Marshal Nie Rongzhen!
After all, how many people can't do it at the end of their lives and be able to leave peacefully?
On May 15, 1992, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, the State Council, and the Central Military Commission issued an obituary of Nie Rongzhen's death.
Later, at the memorial service, Yang Chengwu and Xiao Ke and others also sent eulogies to Marshal Nie Rongzhen:
One
Tear the liver and destroy the bad news,
The loss of a good teacher is infinitely mournful.
History of Fortune Telling,
The teachings are deeply remembered.
Two
In recent years, every August Day,
Always think of this martyr.
There are several temples in the past,
Only the old handsome Rong Zhen Nie remained.
The Southern Expedition to the North established a new dynasty,
Science and technology to build the army is the forerunner.
For the attack tip of Ganlaojiao,
Sigh I mourn old age for old age.
Although Marshal Nie Rongzhen passed away, the heroic deeds he made for the Chinese revolution will live on forever.
Today, our motherland has grown into an increasingly prosperous country, and I believe that Marshal Nie Rongzhen will be very pleased when he learns about it!
Salute to Marshal Nie Rongzhen!
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