I believe that many people have read the article "Zhu De's Flat Burden", its content is touching and profound, it is said that Zhu De, when he was forty-three years old, still went to the mountains with the small warriors to carry grain, although the mountain road was dozens of miles, his laughter was continuous, so that the soldiers around him were infected, everyone dissuaded him from picking up the flat burden anymore, but Zhu De resolutely refused to comply. The author of this article is Zhu Liangcai, who also wrote "A Wick", the reason is that Chairman Mao will read books hard every night, in order to save the wick, the two are changed to one, the lighting is not too good and can not stop the Chairman's learning momentum.
Mao Zedong once had four comments, one of which was: Pulling does not occupy the pit.
On September 27, 1900, Zhu Liangcai was born in the Shuxiang family of Waisha Village, Rucheng County, Hunan Province, and his original name was Zhu Ming. His father made a living teaching at a private school. In addition to his father's share of income, their family has more than 20 acres of land and 7 rooms, and their lives are very rich.
However, all this changed when he was one year old, his father died of illness that year, and since then, the family has begun to decline. At the age of 9, he was sent to a private school, and at the age of 11, he had to drop out of school and go home because his family really did not have money, after that, he was admitted to the county higher primary school and was admitted to the Hengyang "Chengde" school after graduation. At this school, Zhu Liangcai was exposed to new ideas. After graduating from middle school, he returned to his village to work as an elementary school teacher.
During his studies, Zhu Liangcai read extensively and was influenced by new ideas, and when he returned to the village as a primary school teacher, he vigorously organized the peasant association and was elected as a member of the village peasant association.
In 1925, Zhu Liangcai participated in the Great Revolution, and on the land of Hunan, a struggle against the enemy was launched, the masses were mobilized organizationally, the workers and peasants were encouraged to revolt, and with full of anger, young fighters emerged one after another, but the enemy's strength was too strong. Zhu Liangcai and others were arrested and imprisoned, and in prison, the warlord He Jian slaughtered many revolutionaries, and in the face of torture and interrogation, Zhu Liangcai was unable to resist at all.
In crisis, he decided to change his name, so the enemy failed to find him on the list.
In October 1927, Zhu Liangcai officially joined the Communist Party, and soon secretly participated in the Shonan Uprising, Zhu Liangcai, who was already the head of the organization department of the Zixing County Party Committee, later went to Jinggangshan with the troops and served as Zhu De's secretary, Tan Zheng served as Chairman Mao's secretary, and the two served as secretaries in the Red Fourth Army.
Soon, at his active request, he was sent to the First Battalion of the Thirty-first Regiment of the Red Fourth Army as a party representative, which was the main regiment of the Red Fourth Army, and Zhu Liangcai's military ability was brought into play.
Zhu Liangcai's unit was ordered to hold firm in the Huangyang Boundary, and in the face of the encirclement and suppression of the enemy's 4 regiments, the soldiers of the Red Army fought back heroically and finally won victory.
In the first anti-encirclement and suppression battle, Zhu Liangcai and the division commander captured the enemy commander-in-chief Zhang Huizhan alive and made a great contribution. In this battle, our army captured a large number of weapons and equipment, including not only 2,000 guns, 1 cannon, but also 1 radio station. This radio station was the first military radio station of our army, and our army's communications undertaking also began from then on. This radio station played a great role in the subsequent anti-"encirclement and suppression" battles.
When Chairman Mao learned of this, he was very happy and wrote down a poem with a stroke of his pen, "Xijiangyue Jinggangshan," the content of which was: The flag is in sight under the mountain, and the drums and horns on the mountain are heard. The enemy was besieged for thousands of times, and I stood still. Barriers have long been tightened, and more united in will. The cannons on the Huangyang Boundary roared, reporting that the enemy was at night.
After that, Zhu Liangcai successively served as the political commissar of the Red 15 Army, served as the director of the Political Department of the 34th Division of the Red 5 Army, participated in the anti-encirclement and suppression battles in the Central Soviet Region, and also won the "Second Class Red Star Medal" issued by the Provisional Central Government of the Soviet Union for his merits.
In October 1934, the Long March of the Red Army began. Zhu Liangcai, then secretary of the party committee and director of the Political Department of the Red 34th Division, commanded all officers and men to block and delay the enemy troops who were in hot pursuit to cover the march of the party Central Committee and large troops.
On November 30, Zhu Liangcai's old injury recurred, and his blood flowed continuously. After a simple bandage, he lay down on a stretcher and insisted on fighting. At this time, after Liu Bocheng, chief of staff, learned of the situation, he immediately sent someone to send Zhu Liangcai to the General Hospital of the Central Military Commission for rescue. After that, the Red 34th Division fell into the heavy encirclement of the enemy army, and the entire division was destroyed. Among them, division commander Chen Shuxiang was seriously injured and captured, and then dragged off his intestines and died heroically. After several decades, when the past was recalled, General Song Renqiang also sighed:
"If Zhu Liangcai didn't leave, the Red 34th Division wouldn't be completely destroyed."
At the beginning of 1937, the Red Army's Western Route Army failed in its operation to open up contact with the Soviet Union, and the Party Central Committee and the Central Military Commission established the Western Aid Army with Liu Bocheng as commander and Zhang Hao as political commissar. In Zhenyuan, Gansu Province, a certain regimental headquarters of the Aid Western Army walked in with an "old man" who was struggling to walk, and he turned out to be Zhu Liangcai, who was already serving as deputy director of the Political Department of the Red Thirty Army of the Western Route Army. It turned out that after a long and bloody battle, the Western Route Army was surrounded by heavy enemy troops in the Ni family camp, and the Red Army soldiers fought hard for more than 40 days, but they were outnumbered. Zhu Liangcai fought with the enemy in the Qilian Mountains, and finally there was a lone shadow left. With a firm belief, Zhu Liangcai disguised himself and went east, crawling and walking for 36 days, and finally found the team when he exhausted his last energy.
In 1938, the rescue and screening of the scattered and captured Western Route Army was successfully completed.
Zhu Liangcai was ordered to go to Yan'an, where, on the one hand, he studied at the Central Party School and, on the other hand, he systematically reported to the Party Central Committee on the follow-up work of the Western Route Army.
In the Jin-Cha-Ji Military Region, as Marshal Nie Rongzhen's most effective assistant, he was deeply trusted by Nie Shuai in the North China Battlefield, and he was even more indispensable in the development of the vast base areas in North China.
Zhu Liangcai attached great importance to the ideological and political construction of the troops, and he summed up and publicized a number of advanced models, such as the "Five Heroes of Wolf-Tooth Mountain," "Militia Hero Li Yong," and "Rong Guanxiu, the Mother of The Sons and Daughters of Soldiers," and publicized the anti-Japanese image of the Eighth Route Army. It has played an important role in encouraging the improvement of the combat effectiveness and cohesion of the troops. In fact, this is not the first time he has written, as early as the Red Army period, he wrote "A Wick", "Zhu De's Flat Burden" and other masterpieces. During this period, he also cultivated deng Tuo and other leaders in the field of propaganda and culture.
Because of his ability to write and fight, Zhu Liang was appraised by Chairman Mao as: "Militarily competent, politically qualified, and a good military talent."
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Zhu Liangcai was awarded the rank of general and served as the political commissar of the Beijing Military Region, holding a high position of authority, but he often said: "When a cadre in a high position is often prone to corruption from luxury, forgets the people, and even goes to the opposite side of the people, we must bear in mind this lesson." ”
Zhu Liangcai not only led by example himself, but also for his family, he also had three chapters of the law, and all public things could not be taken advantage of, and the special car assigned to him could not sit in anyone in the family except him and his secretary.
During the war years, Zhu Liangcai was wounded many times, and due to the harsh conditions, he was discharged from the hospital before his injuries were healed twice, and in addition to working selflessly for a long time, he became ill with overwork and was very weak. During his tenure as the first political commissar of the Beijing Military Region, he often had headaches and severe pain, so he took two painkillers. General Zhu did not want to eat vegetarian food, and in order not to affect the construction of the army, he resolutely decided to retire completely and give way to others. In 1958, he proposed to the Central Military Commission to retire from leadership positions, which seemed inconceivable to many at the time, because the general was only fifty-eight years old and was in a high position as the political commissar of China's largest strategic region, which was a high position of authority, and leaving his post meant losing power and privileges.
Nie Rongzhen and Zhu Liangcai were old comrades-in-arms during the war years, and Chairman Mao also entrusted Nie Rongzhen to go and understand the situation and do his best to keep him: You can rest assured, we will do the work for you, there is no need to resign, and then come back when you are well.
But Zhu Liangcai politely refused, saying: "The back wave of the Yangtze River pushes the front wave, and the revolution must have a successor." Our old comrades have retired early and ceded their seats to the young people, which is good for the revolutionary cause. ”
The leaders of the Central Committee and the Central Military Commission approved his request, praised him for being open-minded and devoted to the party, and called on everyone to learn from him.
Zhu Liang was the first senior cadre to take the initiative to ask for resignation and resignation. Chairman Mao humorously said a rude word to praise him: People occupy the pit and do not, you are the and do not occupy the pit! ”
In 1961, the Ministry of Education officially included two articles, "Zhu De's Flat Burden" and "A Wick", into the Chinese textbooks of middle schools and primary schools nationwide. When the Ministry of Education sent someone to seek Zhu Liangcai's opinion, he agreed very happily and put forward two requirements: one is not to pay for the manuscript; the other is not to sign the author's name.
In the decades since, the article "Zhu De's Flat Burden" has been selected as a Chinese textbook for middle and primary schools many times, and some people have estimated that at least 350 million people have studied this article, and it has become a classic in the hearts of many people.
Figure | Zhu Liangcai
Zhu Liangcai kept his identity as low as possible, and he had no position and no power for more than thirty years. In February 1989, Zhu Liangcai died. His children originally thought that at the memorial service, only relatives would mourn. Unexpectedly, there was a scene that surprised them.
Although no notice was widely issued, on the day of the memorial service, the people who went to the Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery to send off included Yang Shangkun, Li Xiannian, yao Yilin, leaders of the party, the state, and the army, as well as old Red Army, old Eighth Road, and old cadres who had retired for many years, as well as ordinary people who had never known each other. Some of the people who attended the memorial service said: This kind of scene that has not been seen for many years is really shocking!
Xinhua News Agency issued a special press release praising:
Zhu Liangcai was a loyal communist fighter, a tried and tested proletarian revolutionary, and an excellent leader and military commander of the Chinese army.