In 1949, after the founding of New China, the high-ranking war criminals of the Chiang Kai-shek clique from all over the country were transferred under the instructions of the Party Central Committee
Beijing Gongdelin
Conduct centralized detention.
In the difficult game of reform and counter-reform in the Gongdelin, the ideological concepts of many war criminals began to change quietly.
Deeply touched by the spring breeze, they began to take the initiative to confess their historical crimes.
Gongdelin Prison
And our party from
1956 to 1975
, in total
6 pardons
, 556 Kuomintang war criminals who changed their evil from good were released.
However, there were 3 national troops who were not pardoned until their deaths.
So, who are these 3 people? What evil things have they done to our Party? What happened to them in prison?
Next, the author will unveil the mystery for everyone one by one.
1. Yang Wenyu
at
"Latent"
There is such a scene in this TV series, Dai Kasa said when he came to the Tianjin Station of the Military Command: This time I came to Pingjin, first, to deal with the Ma Hansan corruption case, and secondly, to deal with it
Handling the "Concubine Case" of Yang Wenyu, Deputy Commander of the 94th Army
。
Where
Yang Wenyu, deputy commander of the 94th Army
It is one of the protagonists we are going to talk about today.
Yang Wenyu
Yang Wenyu was born in 1905 in Jiang'an County, Sichuan Province. At that time, it will coincide with the great changes that China has encountered in thousands of years, as a person of insight,
Yang Wenyu took the opportunity to join the revolutionary ranks
On June 16, 1924, at the initiative of Dr. Sun Yat-sen, the Kuomintang Army Officer School (common name
Whampoa Military Academy
) was officially established in Guangzhou.
After Yang Wenyu, who had no way to serve the country, learned the news, he quickly rushed to Guangzhou and participated
Whampoa Military Academy Phase II Freshman Entrance Examination
In the end, he was successfully admitted with excellent results and began a 7-month study career at the Whampoa Military Academy. After graduation
Because of his excellent grades, Yang Wenyu was arranged by his superior leaders to stay in the school
From Yang Wenyu's study career, it is not difficult to see that Yang Wenyu is a talented person with superb military knowledge. Besides
He is also a good player in terms of actual combat
In 1926,
Northern Expedition
At the beginning, Yang Wenhu, who was teaching at the school at this time, saw this opportunity and immediately resigned and threw himself into the revolutionary movement.
In the Battle of Zhumadian in Henan Province, the Northern Expeditionary Army attacked Zhumadian in Henan,
Yang Wenyu took the lead and bravely charged, taking the lead in conquering the enemy's strongholds, bringing a huge victory advantage to the war
At that time, he was the colonel of the Sixty-third Regiment of the Twenty-first Division
Temporary
Seeing that this young man in his 20s had such talent, he recommended it
Chiang Kai-shek
When Chiang Kai-shek saw that Yang Wenyu was young, he was personable and talented, and immediately transferred him to his side as a major staff officer.
This was the first intersection between Chiang Kai-shek and Yang Wenhu.
After that, Yang Wenyu even got Chiang Kai-shek's weight
Military power gradually began to expand, and the official movement also flourished
In June 1931, Yang Wenyu was appointed to the 1st Division of the Nationalist Guard Army
Lieutenant Colonel Director
In August 1937, Yang Wenyu was promoted to the 181st Brigade of the 61st Division
Brigade
In August 1938, he was transferred to the Fifty-fourth Army
Deputy Division Commander of the Major General
With the rise of the official position,
Yang Wenyu's respect for Chiang Kai-shek has also become deeper and deeper, and he is even more courageous and good at fighting on the battlefield, and has repeatedly made military achievements
In 1937,
The July 7 Incident
erupt.
Yang Wenhu risked his life to go to Shanghai to investigate the field, exposing the truth of the Japanese provocation and igniting the fuse of the war
From 1937 to 1938, Yang Wenyu participated successively
The Battle of Songhu, the Battle of Xuzhou, the Battle of Wuhan, and the Battle of Nanchang
。 In these battles,
Yang Wenyu took the lead as a soldier and braved the rain of bullets and bullets to stubbornly resist the Japanese army, which caused the Japanese army to suffer frequent setbacks
In April 1945, the Ninety-fourth Army, under the leadership of Yang Wenyu, was in western Hunan Province
Annihilated the 58th Brigade of the Japanese Army
。 This was also highly praised by allied U.S. military commanders.
In summary, in
In the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Yang Wenyu always stood in the front line of the main force of the Nationalist army and commanded the battle
。 It can also be said that Yang Wenyu is a patriotic general who has experienced hundreds of battles, has both wisdom and courage, and dares to fight and fight.
In addition to his bravery in the War of Resistance Against Japan, Yang Wenyu was praised by the people
Contributions to his hometown xingwen county
It has also been praised by people.
During the War of Resistance,
Yang Wenyu once donated 10,000 yuan for the expansion of Yuping Township Primary School in his hometown of Xingwen County
It is such a patriotic general who is concerned about his hometown and the people, but he
Under the command of Chiang Kai-shek, he turned his gun on his compatriots
In 1945, the Kuomintang-Communist Civil War broke out. At this time, many generals of the Nationalist Army began to feel troubled: Is it inappropriate to fight their own compatriots now?
but
Yang Wenyu did not have this concern, because he was thinking all over how to make contributions to Chiang Kai-shek
Liu Bocheng
In April 1946, Yang Wenhu was appointed as the commander of the 72nd Division of the Nationalist Army, and was ordered by Chiang Kai-shek.
In Henan, the Central Plains Liberation Army blocked our party
To a certain extent, Yang Wenyu can be regarded as a military wizard. Only to see him
Fortress-to-fortress tactics
Will me
The 2nd Independent Brigade of the People's Liberation Army in Eastern Hubei
Playing the lineup scattered,
The last resort was to enter the Dabie Mountains to carry out guerrilla warfare
In December 1946,
The army surrounded the Nationalist 85th Division. Just when Liu Bo admitted that there would be no reinforcements for the 85th Division, Yang Wenyu led the Seventy-second Division to suddenly rush in.
In order not to disrupt the strategic deployment of our army, in desperation, Liu Bocheng led his troops to retreat.
After this battle,
Yang Wenyu boasted that he had destroyed 100,000 communist troops, which was extremely arrogant
Chen Shiyu
However, such arrogant days did not last long.
On April 26, 1947, Yang Wenyu's final battle came. Chief of staff of Huaye of the Chinese People's Liberation Army
（jǔ）
He led his troops to besiege Yang Wenyu and the 72nd Division in the small town of Tai'an.
In the face of the fierce offensive of our army, Yang Wenhu did not surrender, but frequently launched a breakthrough. After a few days of bloody fighting,
The outnumbered Yang Wenyu's army was defeated, and together with his subordinates, they were taken prisoner and sent to the war criminals management center for reform
When he was just captured, Yang Wenyu was still extremely arrogant
。 He scolded our army in his cell all day long, and his emotions were extremely excited,
It was as if Chiang Kai-shek would save him, the former beloved general
After a while, maybe he was tired of scolding, or maybe he knew that he had no way out, he began to stop, but
I still don't appreciate the kindness of our army.
After the Liberation War, Yang Wenyu was sent to Beijing Gongdelin for transformation.
Unlike other Kuomintang war criminals in Gongdelin, Yang Wenyu was extremely different
Love neatness
。 His room was always clean and tidy; his clothes were never stained with a speck of dust; his hair was always neatly combed behind his head.
The excellent qualities of a soldier were vividly displayed in him.
In the face of such a general, our army is also happy to give him the opportunity, as long as he sincerely repents and confesses his crimes, he can get a pardon.
Perhaps it is Yang Wenhu's own arrogant character, or perhaps he still has a glimmer of hope for Chiang Kai-shek. he
In the time of reform, he still refuses to repent
。 And in the face of the amnesty of his former friends one by one, Yang Wenyu returned
Dismissive
In 1973, Yang Wenyu was seriously ill and was sent to the hospital for treatment. However, in his few lives, he was still in the ward,
The slogan "Long live Chairman Chiang Kai-shek" was chanted
This move shocked everyone present and made people feel deeply puzzled.
So to speak,
Yang Wenyu was a good general, but he was too "foolish and loyal"
2. Liu Jiashu
Liu Jiashu
, born in 1903 in Yiyang, Hunan,
He graduated from the first batch of the Whampoa Military Academy
。 after
He also served as a teacher at the Military Police CoachIng Institute of the Military Commission of the National Government
。 That's where it is.
He became the teacher of ShawKe, the founding general of our country
But unlike Yang Wenyu, who was also a teacher,
Liu Jiashu did not have such outstanding military talent in actual combat
Bai Chongxi
Once commented on Liu Jiashu:
The commander of the big belly, Liu Jiashu, was just a rice bucket
It is precisely because of this that
Liu Jiashu was captured by our army a total of 3 times, becoming the most frequently captured by the Communist army among officers above major general of the Kuomintang.
The first time it was captured
In 1927, the Nanchang Uprising fired the first shots of armed resistance to the reactionary rule of the Kuomintang. At this time
Liu Jiashu, who had resigned from school, served as a regimental commander in the Kuomintang army
Liu Jiashu, who was just starting out, was eager to make meritorious achievements, and was eventually captured by our army because of his command and adventurous advance
Nanchang Uprising
Because Liu Jiashu's position was low at this time, and the overall strength of our army at that time was weaker than that of the Kuomintang army,
For the sake of the whole, our army did not embarrass Liu Jiashu, but released him shortly after
The farmer and the snake, and Liu Jiashu is the "poisonous snake".
Liu Jiashu, who was released, was not moved by our army's lenient policy, but was ashamed of being arrested. He returned to the Kuomintang army and began to participate more actively in the persecution of our army
Captured for the second time
In May 1931, Chiang Kai-shek personally served as commander-in-chief and launched the third encirclement and suppression war against our Red Army. Under the correct leadership of Mao Zedong and Zhu De, our army adopted the principle of "luring the enemy to go deep and attacking his weaknesses," which once again smashed the Kuomintang's bad attempt to eliminate our army.
At this time
Liu Jiashu, who served as a regimental commander in the Nationalist army, fell into a trap laid by the Red Army and became a prisoner in the war against the Red Army
Shawke
Ironically, he was here
Met my former student —
At this time
In the third anti-"encirclement and suppression" battle, he served
Commander of the Fifth Division of the Red Army in the Central Soviet Region
After the victory of the war, Xiao Ke, the commander of the Fifth Division, was casually flipping through the pages
List of captives
。 Suddenly, he saw the name "Liu Jiashu" in the list.
Will this be his teacher? Xiao Ke came to the cell in the central base area of Jiangxi with mixed feelings.
In the upper left is Liu Jiashu
Sure enough, it was him, the teacher Liu Jiashu at that time.
This is also the first time that Xiao Ke and Liu Jiashu met after graduation
Once a guest, now a prisoner. In the past, although the two were teachers and students, now they are their masters. The atmosphere was very awkward, the two did not know what to say for a while, and finally Xiao Ke loosened the shackles for his former mentor.
At that time, our army pursued it
Preferential treatment of captives
policy, namely:
Those who want to join the Red Army will stay, and those who do not want to join the army can leave
Liu Jiashu also took this opportunity to return to the Kuomintang army.
Logically, Liu Jiashu was released by the Red Army twice, and he should also be grateful for this, and then the prodigal son turned back.
But Liu Jiashu, who has a stubborn personality, still has no remorse in his heart. After returning to the Kuomintang army, he continued to actively participate in encirclement and suppression and made enemies of our army.
It is precisely because of this that Chiang Kai-shek did not have the slightest doubt about this person who was repeatedly captured, but entrusted it to reuse. At last
Liu Jiashu, who had no general talent, actually became a corps-level commander all the way
Captured for the third time
During the War of Liberation,
Entrusted by Chiang Kai-shek with heavy responsibilities,
He served as the commander of the Hunan Provincial Military District and commanded the military affairs of Changsha
Nanjing Ninghai Road Liu Mansion
But during this time, Liu Jiashu did not pay any attention to the development of the war. He just thought
When the war came and the materials were in short supply, they wantonly amassed wealth
。 Extravagant
It is Liu Jiashu's expense
9 gold bars
Bought it.
However, just when he tried his best to make his mansion more luxurious, the People's Liberation Army began to sweep the country with overwhelming force.
Liu Jiashu, who was stationed in Changsha, Hunan Province, saw that the situation was not right and led his troops to the south of our country
Collapse
As the saying goes: a nest will be instigated. The troops led by Liu Jiashu, when faced with the unremitting pursuit of the People's Liberation Army, quickly laid down their weapons and surrendered directly.
That's it
Liu Jiashu became a prisoner of our army for the third time
As the saying goes: again and again, not again. This time, for the former "teacher",
There were no preferential treatment, not even visits.
However, our party has a compassionate heart, and gives preferential treatment or even amnesty to war criminals who have sincerely repented.
However, it is very puzzling that
Liu Jiashu, who was imprisoned in Gongdelin, Beijing, was very uncooperative with the reform, and even obsessed with it, and did not repent of his death
Du Yuming
In fact, Du Yuming and Wang Yaowu, war criminals who were older and more famous than Liu Jiashu's officials, were all pardoned by our army afterwards, and if Liu Jiashu could actively repent in prison, he would have a greater chance of being pardoned.
However, perhaps it is its stubbornness. Until 1972, Liu Jiashu had been living a hard time in prison. ultimately
Because of a sudden cerebral hemorrhage, he died in prison
Third, Xu Yuanju
Unlike the previous two Yang Wenyu and Liu Jiashu, who inflicted heavy losses on our army on the battlefield,
Xu Yuanju can be called our army's "enemy in the shadows"
Xu Yuanju
Xu Yuanju was born in 1914 in Daye County, Hubei Province, to a wealthy family.
In 1929, through the introduction of relatives, Xu Yuanju served as a student soldier in the Fourth Army's Battalion Officers' School, and then entered the Whampoa Military Academy to study.
After graduating as a cadet of the seventh batch of the Whampoa Military Academy,
assigned
in the troops,
Participated in the encirclement and suppression of the Red Army
At that time, because the Kuomintang army had been failing to encircle and suppress our army, the morale of its soldiers was low. Xu Yuanju was also one of them, he
Believing that he had no future in the unit, he fled the unit after working with the company commander
From this we can see that it is different from the ordinary officers of the Kuomintang,
Xu Yuanju is a person who is good at drilling camps, good at calculation, and attaches great importance to personal future
A few months later, Xu Yuanju ushered in a major change in his life.
March 1932,
Li
Appointed by Chiang Kai-shek
Director of the Special Service Of The Company
After that, it begins
Widely recruit secret service organization personnel
Xu Yuanju, who was aware of the darkness of his future, got this news, as if he saw a kangzhuang avenue of his own.
afterwards
18-year-old Xu Yuanju
With
Cadet of the 7th Whampoa Military Academy
identity,
He successfully entered the infamous Lixing Society Secret Service and became a military command agent
In the military command, Xu Yuanju saw all the deception, corruption, and corruption of the Kuomintang government and the army.
ultimately
Unable to withstand the pollution of the environment, this young man began to abandon the lofty ambition of serving the country, determined to achieve "people on top" at all costs.
In order to gain dai's attention and Chiang Kai-shek's appreciation, Xu Yuanju can be said to have done everything to the extreme.
In February 1947, Xu Yuanju
close down
the organs of the Sichuan Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Xinhua Daily, and will
Ccp members were forcibly sent to Yan'an by force
In 1948, Xu Yuanju actively charged into the battlefield and persecuted democrats. he
arrest
Former president of Tongji University
Weekly average hours
, Editor-in-Chief of New Shu Bao
Wang Bai with
and a large number of patriots, and
Kill it
In 1949, when the defeat of the Kuomintang was already decided, Chiang Kai-shek was indignant with Yang Hucheng, who had launched the "Xi'an Incident" with Zhang Xueliang at that time, and decided to put him to death before withdrawing from the mainland.
Yang Hucheng
Yang Hucheng, as a patriotic general, is well known throughout the country. Xu Yuanju, who was a high-ranking military commander, could not have been unaware. But nevertheless,
In order to gain Chiang Kai-shek's appreciation, Xu Yuanju still took on this task without hesitation
In the middle of the night on September 6, 1949, Xu Yuan raised his general
General Yang Hucheng and his sons and daughters
As well as serving as Yang Hucheng's secretary
Song Qiyun's family
He was taken to the remote Pine Forest PoDai Gong Ancestral Hall and killed. What is resentful is that he even has song Qiyun's younger son
"Little Radish Head"
Don't let it go.
In addition to killing those who have their own grudges, the rout comes at the time of the rout
, also formulated
Massacre of political prisoners
Policy.
At that time, although Xu Yuanju also realized this point,
No matter how many people are killed, they only add to the evil and have no effect
But as a military command agent, he was still
This order was carried out aggressively and brutally
White Mansion
Only to see him personally draw up a list of massacres and arrange the massacres. Between October and November 1949, he
A total of 494 Communists were massacred in prisons such as the White Mansion and Zha Di Dong
And after the massacre, set fire to the Slag Cave Prison to destroy the corpses.
Bad people will always have bad retribution. Just a month later, Xu Yuanju had no foothold on the mainland.
Just when he was preparing to flee to Taiwan through Kunming and dream of "being a man on earth", he was captured by our army, and he was only 35 years old at this time.
After being imprisoned, Xu Yuanju profoundly experienced the difference in the attitudes of the Communist Party and the Kuomintang toward war criminals
One day, thousands of people spontaneously carried out commemorative activities near the White Mansion where Xu Yuanju was imprisoned.
The loud slogan made Xu Yuanju's face turn pale, and he once thought in his heart that he would die under the fists of the masses.
However, he found that the guards outside the prison had been strengthened to prevent the angry crowd from rushing in and hurting them.
In this regard,
Xu Yuanju was extremely grateful and said that in the future, he would definitely make a good transformation and repay the favor of the Communist Party
After that, Xu Yuanju was sent to Beijing Gongdelin for renovation. he
In the reform, he had a good attitude, actively cooperated with management, and helped and educated some other counter-revolutionaries who resisted confessing their crimes
Gong Delin
But life in prison made Xu Yuanju move
The temperament is more irritable, and the emotions are more agitated
This also laid the groundwork for his subsequent misfortunes.
In December 1959, the state began to grant amnesty to Kuomintang war criminals, and by April 1966, six batches of amnesties had been granted. Xu Yuanju watched his former inmates pardon out one by one, even more
I firmly believe that as long as I seriously repent, I will be able to get the final understanding of the people
In 1966, due to political upheavals, some of the released war criminals were re-imprisoned.
Gong Delin began to be enveloped by a dull atmosphere, which also made Xu Yuanju, who was actively reforming, despair.
The labor prisoners of Gongdelin
Fortunately, in 1971, the political air in Gongdelin was renewed. Under this situation, Xu Yuanju began to actively treat reform and work hard.
In 1973, Xu Yuanju clashed with the security officers in charge of the Gongdelin Forest.
Xu Yuanju, who has a stubborn personality and is impatient and difficult to change, actually used cold water to take a bath that night.
whereas
This also led to Xu Yuanju, who suffered from high blood pressure, eventually died of a sharp rise in blood pressure and rupture of cerebral blood vessels
epilogue
Looking at the three generals of the nationalist army:
Yang Wenyu did not repent until his death; Liu Jiashu did not repent at all; Xu Yuanju repented too late
The prodigal son does not change his head. It is not terrible to lose your footing and make mistakes, but you are afraid that after that, you still don't wake up and change yourself.