Old photo of Wang Yaowu
preface
Among the Kuomintang war criminals imprisoned by Gong Delin, there was such a person who was very careful in handling things. One day, someone asked, "In Romance of the Three Kingdoms, who do you most admire?" He thought for a moment and replied, "I admire Guan Yu Guan Yunchang." ”
After only a short while, he hurried back and said to the man with a frightened face, "I don't worship Guan Yunchang, I worship Zhuge Liang." ”
Later, people learned that the reason why he had such behavior was because he was afraid that he would say that he worshipped Guan Yunchang, and that he would be said to be "in Cao Ying's heart in Han", so he deliberately ran back and explained it to them.
This person is the famous former chairman of Shandong Province, Wang Yaowu!
I didn't expect to be sold by toilet paper
On July 16, 1948, the Battle of Yanzhou ended. On the same day, Chairman Mao and the Central Military Commission, in light of the changes in the war, sent a telegram ordering Xu Shiyou, commander of the Shandong Corps, and Tan Zhenlin, political commissar, to concentrate all the corps to "seize the Jinan airfield at all costs of fatigue and quickly complete preparations for attacking Jinan, with a view to capturing Jinan as soon as possible, and "you should strive to capture Jinan within ten days."
Chairman Mao and Su Yu were together
Later, when the war situation changed, Su Yu, acting commander of the East China Field Army, said: "Except for the three and eighth columns of the seven columns of our Western Corps, which are relatively complete, the remaining columns are neither enriched nor complete, and must be reorganized to block reinforcements." ”
In the following two months, after repeated consultations between the East China Military Region, the Shandong Corps, and Su Yu, and reported to the Central Military Commission, it was decided:
"With 6 and a half columns of about 140,000 people, the siege corps was formed to complete the task of 'mainly conquering Jinan'. At the same time, two groups, Nie Fengzhi and Song Shilun, carried out a pincer-shaped assault on Jinan, under the unified command of Xu Shiyou, commander of the Shandong Corps of the East China Field Army, Tan Zhenlin, political commissar, and Wang Jian'an, deputy commander. ”
On September 16, the East China Field Army launched the Battle of Jinan. Soon after, Wu Huawen, commander of the Kuomintang 96th Army, led an uprising. This made Wang Yaowu, who was in charge of the defense of Jinan, very uneasy, and he immediately set out to readjust the deployment and resisted in the city for a few more days.
In the course of the campaign, Chairman Mao sent a telegram to the front-line command, asking Xu Shiyou to arrange multiple layers of blockade forces to prevent Wang Yaowu and other chiang kai-shek's henchmen from escaping.
Under the powerful offensive of the People's Liberation Army, the city of Jinan was in jeopardy. Wang Yaowu, who had a premonition that Jinan was about to fall, changed his clothes to a peasant's outfit and escaped from the cave with the guards. On September 24, Jinan was liberated and returned to the hands of the people.
Chairman Mao
Sure enough, as Chairman Mao expected, after the battle, Wang Yaowu's figure was not found in Jinan City, and in Wang Yaowu's office, there were also people going to the empty building, and only Wang Yaowu was in a hurry, and the American General McRue gave him a silver pistol in a hurry.
On the way to Qingdao, Wang Yaowu wrapped his head in a towel, wore a blue cloth jacket, wrapped his legs in multiple layers of white cloth, disguised as being injured by a bullet, covered with two large quilts, lay on the carriage, along Jiaoji Road, humming and moving east...
When he arrived at the bridgehead of Zhang Jianchang in Shouguang County, Wang Yaowu's heart relaxed a lot. The heart relaxes, the physiological problems appear, the excrement in the stomach is no longer willing to continue to stay quiet, and there is a great tendency to fall for thousands of miles.
Wang Yaowu covered his stomach, went to a peasant's latrine, and excreted comfortably. After finishing the matter, he took out a few pieces of white paper from his pocket, quickly packed them, put on his pants, walked out of the toilet, took a breath of fresh air, and left with ease.
On the way back, Wang Yaowu did not forget to look back at the road when he looked back, and a proud smile appeared on his face, as if to say: "Communist army, bye-bye!" ”
However, what Wang Yaowu did not expect was that with such an oversight, he became a prisoner of the communist army.
Wang Yaowu at the time of capture
It turned out that shortly after Wang Yaowu left, the villagers came out to go to the toilet. In the latrine, he saw the used, white paper at a glance, and thought that most of the people in the village used after going to the toilet were soil lumps, even if they were rich, they could only afford to use rough loess paper, and felt that this matter would certainly be unusual.
This incident immediately aroused the vigilance of the peasant, who immediately reported it to the comrades of the People's Liberation Army. This abnormal clue immediately aroused the great attention of the People's Liberation Army, believing that the people who used these white toilet papers must not be ordinary people, and it was very likely that Wang Yaowu was running away.
Thinking of this, the People's Liberation Army immediately arranged personnel and set up sentries to conduct an inventory of those passing by.
Soon, on the Linbai River Bridge northwest of Tuntian Village, there was a group of merchants dressed as personnel, which attracted the attention of the People's Liberation Army, and one of them spoke with a Shandong accent, which was very similar to Wang Yaowu, who was born in Tai'an, Shandong.
The comrades of the People's Liberation Army who took the lead did not interrogate too much, and directly pulled out the snow-white high-grade imported toilet paper from the pocket of a person next to them, and asked: "How can you, a small trader, afford to use such a high-grade toilet paper?" ”
Immediately, the soldiers found business cards, seals, and other relics from his pockets, and confirmed that the person who called himself a "small trader" was Wang Yaowu, chairman of the Kuomintang Shandong Province who had escaped from Jinan.
A member of the study committee in the Meritorious Forest
After Wang Yaowu was captured alive, during the interrogation, Wang Yaowu said that Jinan's failure was mainly caused by low morale, Wu Huawen's uprising, and the loss of the airport. Interestingly, Wang Yaowu said:
"The Kuomintang is always backward, and the Communist Party is always progressive. The Communist Party advanced one foot, and the Kuomintang advanced further. I saw you rectify the wind, I also called the next side of the wind rectification, the result is nothing... Because they only say and don't do anything, in addition, the four major elements of politics, economy, culture, and military are inferior to you, so the Kuomintang cannot do it. ”
Later, Wang Yaowu was escorted to a squadron directly under the People's Liberation Army Officer Regiment of the Yidu East China Military Region for resettlement. Subsequently, he was sent to the Sanye People's Liberation Army Officer Training Corps. Here, Wang Yaowu was placed in centralized custody.
Soon after, Wang Yaowu proposed to see Chen Yi. Due to Chen Yi's busy work, he was received by Shu Tong. After the meeting, Wang Yaowu not only defended himself, but also told his views on the current situation, and his attitude was very positive. This also makes a good start for future transformations.
After Wang Yaowu (first from the left), he talks to the generals
Shu Tong gave affirmation and praise to Wang Yaowu's performance in demanding progress, and asked him to calm down and learn how to get along with the people. The enthusiastic Shu Tong also recommended to Wang Yaowu books such as "On New Democracy" and "The Present Situation and Our Tasks" written by Chairman Mao, so that he could return to the people as soon as possible. In this regard, Wang Yaowu has repeatedly said:
"I will study hard, seriously reflect on my crimes, resolutely revolutionize, do a good job, and contribute to the people as much as possible."
After the conversation, Wang Yaowu seemed to have found the light and felt mao sai suddenly open. The first thing he thought of doing should be to strive for meritorious service in order to seek the forgiveness of the people.
Therefore, Wang Yaowu took the initiative to say:
"I am convinced that it can still play some role in certain people in the upper echelons of the Kuomintang, and can also exert a certain influence on certain Kuomintang troops stationed in Xuzhou. If you don't do it, you have to do it, and if you want to do it, you must be vigorous. As long as there is a need on the part of the Communist People's Liberation Army, I Wang Mou is willing to follow the work of dogs and horses and go to the soup to fight the fire. ”
For Wang Yaowu's performance, the East China Bureau attached great importance to it, and after careful study, decided to let him give a speech. In his first speech, Wang Yaowu analyzed the reasons for the repeated defeats of the Kuomintang troops under the title of "A Word to Mr. Chiang Kai-shek" and shouted to Chiang Kai-shek in the hope of stopping the civil war.
Old photo of Wang Yaowu and Chiang Kai-shek together
Subsequently, not long after, Wang Yaowu united a group of former Kuomintang generals and wrote a "Letter to The Officers and Men of the Kuomintang":
"Officers and men of the Kuomintang army in Xuzhou, classmates, and compatriots, please calculate your future, survive, or wait for death?" If you want to survive, it is best to revolt on the battlefield. ”
It is said that after hearing Wang Yaowu's speech on the radio, Chiang Kai-shek was very angry, scolded Wang Yaowu for having no backbone, and even threw his hands away, pushed the radio to the ground, and kicked him. After one kick, the radio made a "clanging" sound and could no longer be used.
As the saying goes, if a soldier is defeated like a mountain, no one can save it. Wang Yaowu's speech was like a stone stirring up a thousand layers of waves, radiating extremely widely, and the lethality was also unspeakable.
During the Battle of Huaihai, the Nationalist soldiers went crazy, either surrendering or fleeing. Some cities and pools could wait until the People's Liberation Army arrived, and the officers and men defending the cities fled one after another. Some PLA generals have said that the speed at which the Kuomintang is fleeing is even faster than the speed at which our army is pursuing!
Some diehards of the Kuomintang were so angry that they said bluntly that the tens of thousands of Kuomintang troops and horses had been scattered within three days of their ascension, and they had been chased away by the communists, that is, tens of thousands of pigs, and the communists could not catch them for three days!
In 1956, Wang Yaowu was escorted to Gongdelin. In the Gongdelin Forest, Wang Yaowu saw Wen Qiang and other old acquaintances who had come first, and he felt inspired and wrote a couplet: "Come in early, come in late, come in sooner or later; go out first, then go out, go out successively", and the horizontal batch is: "All are coming.".
In The Meritorious Forest, in order to better reform war criminals, study groups were set up. Wang Yaowu was elected as a member of the Study Committee for his good performance.
Considering that at the time of the transformation, Wang Yaowu still had some concerns in his heart, Chairman Mao deliberately asked Luo Ruiqing to relay to Wang Yaowu:
"Your work is work, and your life is too much." Your anti-Japanese merits will always be remembered by us Communists. As long as you are at ease with the transformation, you will soon return to the people. ”
With Chairman Mao's reassuring pill, Wang Yaowu was relieved from the bottom of his heart, completely opened his mind, and accepted the transformation well. Comb through your past experiences.
The transformation of the anti-Japanese general Wang Yaowu
Wang Yaowu, born in 1904, was admitted to the third phase of the Whampoa Military Academy at the age of 20. During this period, Wang Yaowu strictly abided by the school motto, studied diligently, and was recognized by the general leader of the student team, General Serious, and participated in the Second Crusade before graduation, and in the course of the battle, he also showed great bravery.
Wang Yaowu at the Whampoa Military Academy
After the victory of the Second Crusade, the troops were stationed in Fuzhou. Wang Yaowu was appointed commander of the first company of the gendarmerie battalion. During this period, Wang Yaowu was appreciated by Zheng Tuishi of the Fuzhou District Court and married Zheng Yizhi (alias Zheng Yilan).
Later, in the Battle of the Central Plains, Wang Yaowu became the regimental commander because of his military merits. At this time, Wang Yaowu was just 26 years old. After that, Wang Yaowu participated in the "encirclement and suppression" of the Red Army, and thus became the commander of the Fifty-first Division.
After the outbreak of the All-out War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, it was Wang Yaowu's most brilliant time. He led his troops to participate in the Battle of Nanjing and the Battle of Lanfeng. In the Battle of Lanfeng, the Second Division of the Japanese Army's Toihara Department was severely damaged.
In 1938, in the Battle of Wanjialing, Wang Yaowu led the 51st Division, together with other units of the Nationalist Army, to fight fiercely with the Japanese army for several weeks, wounding and killing more than 4,000 Japanese troops, and achieved victory. After the war, Wang Yaowu was promoted to deputy commander of the Seventy-fourth Army and commander of the Fifty-first Division.
In 1939, Wang Yaowu was appointed by Chiang Kai-shek as the commander of the Seventy-fourth Army. In September, during the First Battle of Changsha, Wang Yaowu was ordered to lead the Seventy-fourth Army to intercept two Divisions of the Japanese Army attacking Changsha. In gao'an, a major town in northern Gan, the Seventy-fourth Army fought fiercely with the Japanese army. Wang Yaowu used the tactics of anti-encirclement, and after 3 days of fierce fighting, he recaptured Gao'an City.
Later, Wang Yaowu led his troops to participate in the Battle of Shanggao in Jiangxi, the Battle of Zhejiang, and the Battle of Western Hubei, and after the war, he was appointed deputy commander-in-chief of the 29th Group Army and commander of the 74th Army.
Anti-Japanese general Wang Yaowu
In November 1943, the Japanese army gathered 7 divisions to attack Changde, Wang Yaowu led the 74th Army, in the northeast of Changde, fierce battle with the Japanese army, after 6 days of fierce fighting, to retake Changde City. In February 1944, Wang Yaowu was appointed commander-in-chief of the 24th Group Army.
In April 1945, the Japanese army gathered five divisions and regiments under the command of Banxi Kazuryo, and attacked along the Xiangqian Highway towards zhijiang. Wang Yaowu led his troops and the security forces led by Wu Qiwei in Hunan Province fought fiercely with the Japanese army. In more than two months, it repeatedly repelled the Japanese attack. Soon after, the Chinese army began a counterattack, and the Japanese army was defeated.
In this battle, the Chinese army wounded and killed 28,174 enemy officers, captured 17 enemy officers, 230 soldiers, 347 war horses, 24 artillery, 100 machine guns, more than 1,300 rifles, and more than 20 tons of other booty.
As a result, Wang Yaowu was also elected as a member of the Kuomintang Central Executive Committee at the age of 40. After the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Wang Yaowu was appointed chairman of Shandong Province by Chiang Kai-shek.
However, just when the people of the whole country were rejoicing and rejoicing because of the victory in the War of Resistance, Chiang Kai-shek did not think of seeking happiness for the people, recuperated, unilaterally tore up the armistice agreement, and civil war broke out.
In 1948, after careful consideration, Su Yu sent a telegram to Chairman Mao expounding to Chairman Mao the grand strategic concept of "fighting in eastern Henan", "attacking Jinan", and then "fighting a decisive battle against Xu Beng", thus achieving the grand strategic concept of completely resolving the Kuomintang reactionaries.
Chairman Mao and Zhou Enlai were studying
After a few days of consideration, Chairman Mao approved Su Yu's plan. After the victory in the Battle of Eastern Henan, Su Yu set his sights on Shandong.
Soon after, most of Shandong Province was liberated, leaving only the isolated city of Jinan. Before the war, Chairman Mao gave full consideration to the situation of Wang Yaowu, the defender of Jinan, and believing that this Wang Yaowu was not simple, he sent a telegram to Xu Shiyou, who was in charge of attacking Jinan, instructing him to arrange multi-layered blocking forces to prevent Wang Yaowu and other Chiang Kai-shek's henchmen from escaping. In this regard, General Su Yu did not dare to be careless.
In May 1948, Wang Yaowu, the chairman of Shandong Province, who felt that the situation was critical, was summoned by Chiang Kai-shek and hurried to Nanjing, preparing to take advantage of the summons to report to Chiang Kai-shek in person that he had "abandoned Jinan" and withdrawn his troops to Xuzhou.
When Wang Yaowu's plane landed in Nanjing, Chen Bray was waiting. He shook Wang Yaowu's hand and said, "Commander Wang, the principal is already waiting for you." ”
Wang Yaowu said: "Now the situation in Shandong is critical, and Jinan has become an isolated city. I would like to suggest that the chairman of the committee abandon Jinan, withdraw his troops to the north of Xuzhou, and form a defensive line with Qiu Qingquan and Huang Baitao in Xuzhou. It may be able to stop the southward advance of the communist army. ”
Listening to Wang Yaowu's words, Chen Brei showed a look of embarrassment and admonished: "I remind you, recently, Jiang Gong's anger is very great, and nothing can go against his will, you have to think twice!" ”
Chiang Kai-shek and Soong Mei-ling
After arriving at Chiang Kai-shek's official residence, Wang Yaowu found that the principal had prepared a family banquet, including several dishes, which were cooked and fried by Song Meiling himself, and Wang Yaowu saw his favorite braised chicken nugget stewed powder skin at a glance.
During the banquet, Chiang Kai-shek picked up the wine glass rarely and drank a few glasses with Wang Yaowu. After talking about the right thing, Wang Yaowu carefully told Chiang Kai-shek the ideas he had prepared.
Before Wang Yaowu could finish speaking, Chiang Kai-shek lost his temper and ordered Wang Yaowu not to abandon Jinan and to guard against it. He promised Wang Yaowu that if Jinan was besieged, he would personally supervise the reinforcements of the troops. Later, in order to encourage Wang Yaowu, Chiang Kai-shek softened his tone and said:
"Juncai, don't forget the importance I attach to you, my original intention in making you the commander of the Second Appeasement District is to hope that you can lead hundreds of thousands of people to rely on Jinan to stabilize the situation in Shandong." Since the suppression of the rebellion, the city and land have been lost from your hands, and more than 100,000 horses and horses have been eaten by the communist army, I will not hold you responsible, but you should blame yourself. Stick to Jinan, if you lose faith, you tell me how to arrange it! ”
These last words made Wang Yaowu's heart suddenly understand that Principal Jiang was playing with his "coercion and inducement" again, and he was determined not to let himself retreat, even if he lost his own life and the lives of 100,000 soldiers, he would occupy Jinan. In other words, in the eyes of Principal Jiang, the city of Jinan was far more important than the lives of Wang Yaowu and 100,000 soldiers!
Wang Yaowu
After coming out of Chiang Kai-shek's official residence, Wang Yaowu looked up, looked at the sky, sighed deeply, and finally became dead to his former mentor.
"Mourning is greater than death of the heart", which refers to Wang Yaowu's current state of mind.
On the way back to Jinan, Wang Yaowu closed his eyes and reflected: "Am I Wang Yaowu afraid of death?" After so many years of iron blood, the knife head has come, will I be afraid? Alas, it's not worth it! ”
As soon as he arrived in Jinan, Wang Yaowu made a very important decision for him, that is, to quickly send his mother, wife and children out of Jinan safely.
Therefore, Wang Yaowu asked his cronies to send their mothers, wives and children, as well as some of their only property, to the plane, and when they left, they also specially confessed:
"If I have an accident, you can go to Hong Kong, but not to Taiwan!"
Why not let your family go to Taiwan? Wang Yaowu's heart was clear, he knew Chiang Kai-shek too well, and for the old subordinates who had no use value, no matter how loyal he was and how much merit he had made, in the eyes of old Chiang, he was not even a fart, and he could dispose of it at any time!
Chiang Kai-shek
The fact is also that after arriving in Taiwan, Hu Zongnan, Liu Zhi, Tang Enbo, and others all ended up in one end: they were abandoned as if they were our own!
Later, in the Battle of Changde, Wang Yaowu, who had warned Yu Chengwan that "even if he dies, he must keep his position", but in the Battle of Jinan, he stopped the Kuomintang officers who wanted to commit suicide, saying:
"After all, this is not anti-Japanese, there is no need to seek short-sightedness." Your family is still waiting for you to come home! ”
After Wu Huawen's uprising, under the slogan of "liberate Jinan Province, capture Wang Yaowu alive", Jinan was unable to return to heaven.
At the last moment, Wang Yaowu, in the face of Chiang Kai-shek's order to kill all the underground party members and prisoners in Jinan Prison, made an extremely important decision: open the prison, pay everyone for the road, and release all the underground party members. And let the subordinates protect the factory and warehouse to prevent the agents from blowing up.
Chiang Kai-shek and Wang Yaowu
After Wang Yaowu was captured and the speech was broadcast, Chiang Kai-shek was very angry and wanted to attack his family. I don't want Wang Yaowu's family to leave Hong Kong long ago with the help of the underground party. His plan to deal with Wang Yaowu's family had to be abandoned.
In October 1952, when Chairman Mao inspected Shandong, he was accompanied by Xu Shiyou and went to see the secret passage when Wang Yaowu absconded. Chairman Mao looked at the dark passage and said, "Wang Yaowu, you still haven't escaped from the palm of your hand." Xu Shiyou replied, "It is the chairman who expects things to be like gods, otherwise he will really let him escape!" Chairman Mao added: "No reactionary can escape the punishment of the people." ”
In 1956, Wang Yaowu was taken to Gongdelin for rehabilitation; in 1959, at the direction of Chairman Mao, wang Yaowu was one of them, who was one of them, announced amnesty for the first 33 war criminals.
On December 14, at the West Flower Hall in Zhongnanhai, Premier Zhou Enlai specially received Wang Yaowu's amnesty personnel and others. According to their personal wishes, they were assigned to the fruit and wood team of the Jiugong Brigade of the Red Star People's Commune in Daxing County, Beijing, to participate in production and labor. Later, under the arrangement of Premier Zhou Enlai, Wang Yaowu went to the Literature and History Materials Research Committee of the CPPCC National Committee to participate in the compilation of literary and historical materials.
In 1964, Wang Yaowu was elected as a member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.
Yang Botao, Puyi, Wang Yaowu, and Zhou Zhenqiang, commissioners of literature and history of the CPPCC National Committee, studied the work together
In July 1968, Wang Yaowu died of illness in Beijing at the age of 64.
In May 1980, the United Front Work Department of the CPC Central Committee and the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference held a solemn memorial service for Wang Yaowu, Puyi and Liao Yaoxiang, and placed their ashes in the Babaoshan Revolutionary Martyrs' Cemetery in Beijing.