In 249, east of Luoyang, Cao Shuang met with Sima Yi's envoys in the camp of the great general. At this time, Cao Shuang had three cards in his hand: the direct descendants of the Cao clan; Cao Fang, the king of Qi; and the military power of the world. However, Sima Yi's envoys still disdained: "The book of Sima Yi and the great general Cao Shuang read: 'Shuang is unscrupulous, deceives the superior and the inferior, is arrogant and debauched, and invades the generals.'" Taifu is a man of virtue, and the world is the one who returns to his heart. After the Present Nian Er Cao clan, the Wei state was a heavy subject, and if he removed his armor and surrendered, the position of wealth and nobility could be guaranteed, and the three generations of grandchildren would prosper. If they disobey the order, the position of the clan will be abolished, and all three clans will be destroyed'." Huan Fan, one of Cao Shuang's factions, anticipated Sima Yi's change, rushed out of Luoyang in advance to see Cao Shuang, and vowed: "Xuchang, but Zhongsu, Xuchang Beiku, is fake; so worried about the grain food, and the great Sinong seal is on me!" Huan Fan's meaning is clear: As the last mainstay of the Cao clan, if you admit it, the Cao clan will be gone. But the tiger father and dog son finally chose to deceive themselves: "I am too vain, but I want my brother to be with himself", and then obediently surrendered. Sure enough, arrogance is habitual, and it is impossible to have blood.
After Cao Shuang surrendered, Sima Yi naturally did not "want to make his brothers turn to himself" as Cao Shuang naively thought. Sima Yi first put Cao Shuang under house arrest, then searched for his guilt, and when the evidence was conclusive, he found an opportunity to raz Cao Shuang's three tribes. As Cao Shuang's staff, He Yanding and the like were naturally not spared, and those who had not escaped the disaster also had Huan Fan who was on the verge of defecting. Sima Yi hated this to the bone, and angrily said, "If you slander people and oppose them, how should you respond to the law!" (Book of Jin and The Chronicle of Emperor Xuan) "In the end, the Huan fan tribes were also razed. However, it is very strange that Huan Fan had a young son at that time, named Huan Kai, and before Sima Yi went to Huan Fan Mansion to collect his entire clan, this young son was taken out of Luoyang and eventually survived. At that time, it was still very difficult to get out of the clan curse, so the successful escape of Huan Fan's young son was quite a fluke. What is even more bizarre is that not only Sima Yi could not have expected it, but Huan Fan himself could not have expected that it was Huan Fan's young son's successful escape this time that made Huan Fan's direct descendants turn the Jin Dynasty upside down after 154 years.
After Huan Kai escaped from Hukou, he was taken to Gucheng (west of Luoyang and north of Gushui) and handed over to a woman named Zhongchangshi. It should be pointed out that although the historical records do not record whether Huan Fan did not explain to his family before leaving Luoyang, if he encountered an accident, where should his family go, but from the perspective of Huan Kai's whereabouts, this possibility is extremely great. The Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms says: "Huan Fan said to his wife Zhongchang: 'I would rather be a secretary of state and bow down to the three princes, and I cannot show my humility for Lü Zi.'" It shows that Huan Fan's wife is also of the Zhongchang clan, which is most likely related to the Zhongchang woman that Huan Kai was entrusted to, and even this Zhongchang woman is a member of Huan Fan's wife's clan. Huan Kai's subsequent escape experience is not recorded in historical records, but it is certain that he gave birth to his son Huan Hao in his hometown of Long Kang, and the "Genealogy Table of The Huan Clan of Long Kang" says: "Huan Hao (桓颢), the eldest son of Kai (桓楷), the peiguo long kangren." ”
Regarding Huan Kai's deeds, it is certain that he was once an official in Jibei. The Book of Jin says: "Kai, raise filial piety into the shi, and the official to the Jibei Xiang", this is remarkable. The whole Huan Kai clan was destroyed, the so-called Yi Three Clans, the Qin Benji says: "At the beginning of the Fa, there were three clans of sin, and the father, the mother, and the wife also ... The rule of "the latter three generations cannot be shi", and the rule of "the last three generations can not be shi" was retained until the Three Kingdoms period, that is, the huan fan clan was cursed, according to the law of the time, huan kai was not shi - whether he or he escaped by chance. But he not only became a minister, but also sat in the position of minister of state. The minister of state is a product of the administrative structure of the Eastern Han Dynasty. At that time, the whole country implemented the system of prefectures, counties (or countries), and the Zizhi Tongjian said: "When the world is divided into nine prefectures, there are counties in the prefecture, and there are counties in the county, and there are townships under the county, and Wuyue is a hill." "Jibei Xiang is the state minister of jinan, and this official position, which people are more familiar with, is Bao Xin, who started his army when the eighteenth road princes rebelled against Dong Zhuo at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, and his official position at that time was Jibei Xiang. At that time, the position of minister of state was a relatively large official position, and the actual power of some major countries was even comparable to that of "the governor of a state" and could lead troops.
Huan Fan's descendants survived, and after that, they became more and more prosperous. Huan Kai's son, named Huan Yi, during the reign of Emperor Ming of Jin (Sima Shao, 298-325), the official Zhishan rode Chang shi, and posthumously sealed Tai Chang, this kind of practice of "adding officials to scatter riding Chang Shi, posthumously sealing Tai Chang", only he and He Xun did it in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. The "He Xun Biography" contains "Jianwu Chu, Xun wei Zhongshu Ling, Jia San riding Chang Shi ... He also changed his worship too often, and often served as before", and what was the status of He Xun in the two Jin Dynasties is self-evident. Huan Yi's son, named Huan Wen, was extremely famous, and had been in charge of the government for more than ten years, and was already a figure of the same level as Sima Shi, who had eliminated his ancestors. The "Book of Jin and Huan Wen Biography" says: "Emperor Jinwen (Huan Wen) marched on the Western General, the Great Sima and the Kaifu", "Kaifu" this kind of thing, even Sima Yi did not do it during the Three Kingdoms period, only Zhuge Liang did it, huan Wen's position in the Eastern Jin Dynasty is also self-evident. Huan Wen's son, named Huan Xuan, was born in 369, exactly 120 years after his ancestor Huan Fan was killed (249), and the Huan family finally broke out in this generation.
From Sima Yi to Huan Xuan, it is once again proved that history is reincarnated. Sima Yi and Sima Zhao, just in contrast to Huan Wen and Huan Xuan. Sima Yi and Huan Wen respectively dominated the imperial government, paving the way for future generations to ascend to the throne. Sima Zhao and Huan Xuan used the capital accumulated by the previous generation to either usurp real power or directly ascend to the throne. In the first year of the tycoon (403), Huan Xuan forced Emperor An of Jin to abdicate, angrily overthrew the Jin Dynasty, overthrew the Sima clan, and established the "Huan Chu Dynasty" and became the founding emperor of the Huan Chu Dynasty. At this time, exactly 154 years had passed since his ancestor Huan Fan was killed by Sima Yi. The descendants of Huan Kai, the youngest son of the Huan clan who had luckily escaped at that time, finally let the Sima clan pay off the blood debt after 154 years of lying down and tasting the gall for 154 years. From Huan Fan's death, another mystery of eternity can be drawn: how did Cao Shuang, who had absolute superiority in all aspects of Gao Pingling's change, be eliminated by Sima Yi?
The contrast between the strengths of Cao Shuang and Sima Yi
Cao Shuang was the son of Cao Zhen, and Cao Zhen was Cao Cao's adopted son. After Cao Cao's death, Cao Pi took the throne, and there were only two people guarding the Wei state of Jiangshan, one was Cao Zhen and the other was Sima Yi; after Cao Pi's death, Cao Rui took the throne, and the Wei state of Jiangshan was guarded by Cao Shuang and Sima Yi. From Cao Cao to Cao Rui, Sima Yi has always been a foreign clan, a member of the Cao clan and an old vassal of Cao Wei, all of whom were his mortal enemies. In this context, the Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms states: "Cao Shuang is less respectful of the clan room, and Emperor Ming is very dear... It is not surprising that Cao Shuang can get special preferential treatment from Cao Rui. Cao Shuang had such a powerful background that the entire Cao clan and Cao Wei's former vassals, who were enemies of Sima Yi, became his supporters.
When Emperor Ming died, he "led Cao Shuang into the bedchamber, paid homage to the great general, faked the festival, supervised all chinese and foreign militaries, and recorded Shang Shushi." At that time, the Military Governor of the Capital, the Book of Jin and the Hundred Officials Chronicle, said: "The Governor of the armies is the top, and the envoys are the top, and they must kill the officials below 2,000 stones... Do not report", the envoy here refers to the "governor of the region" from the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Three Kingdoms period, such as Cao Ren's "governor of Jingzhou and Yangzhou", that is, responsible for the military of Cao Wei Jingzhou and Yangzhou at that time. The governor of this level can kill the officials below the two thousand stones without the need to play, and the officials below the two thousand stones are basically the first level of the Thorn Shi County. In other words, the governor not only had the right to command the army, but also the right to live and kill, and could cut off the high officials of the jurisdiction at that time first. And Cao Shuang's "Governor of internal and external militaries" is obviously the governor of the entire Cao Wei military, what is this concept, at a glance. Compared with Cao Shuang, although Sima Yi was known as an auxiliary government, he actually had no great power in his hands.
In addition to having an orthodox bloodline, a predecessor foundation, and Cao Wei's military power, Cao Shuang's faction was also very powerful. The Biography of Cao Shuang reads: "Cao Shuang made He Yan, Deng Biao, and Ding Mi the Shangshu, He Yandian elected, Bi Rail division lieutenant, Li Sheng Henan Yin ... Huan Fan Dasi Nong...", these people are all staunch supporters of Cao Shuang. The first three controlled Shangshutai, which was the center of power at the time. The "Biography of Yu Xue" says: "Shang Shutai has the right to inform the Son of Heaven in and out", and the Book of Later Han states: "Although the Eastern Han Dynasty placed three dukes, the matter returned to the Tai (Shang Shu Tai) Cabinet ... Shang Shu saw the responsibility and was heavier than the Three Dukes (Sima Yi was one of the Three Dukes' Taifu)", Shang Shutai, because he could have direct contact with the emperor and was responsible for more administrative affairs than the Three Dukes, so he was extremely powerful. He Yan was Cao Cao's adopted son, and his election was equivalent to directly controlling the entire Cao Wei talent election power, and controlling this power, he would naturally choose to support his own talents - no matter what his talents were, "Baopuzi Mingshi" said: "Shi Ju Xiucai, do not know the book, cha filial piety, father does not live", which is a vivid reflection of the phenomenon of factional talents at that time. Bi Rail was a lieutenant colonel, responsible for the supervision and vigilance of the entire Beijing Division and its surroundings. Huan Fan was the Great Si Nong of Cao Wei and controlled the entire grain and grass allocation power of Cao Wei.
Therefore, before the gaopingling change, Cao Shuang had the cao bloodline, the foundation of the predecessors, and the internal and external military power, and his faction firmly controlled the administrative center, the vigilance of the beijing division, and the grain of the world. And what Sima Yi has is only his old scheming, battlefield experience, not chaos in the face of danger, and a group of dead soldiers.
The day of the gaoping tomb
Regarding the changes in GaoPingling, the Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms states: "In the first month of the tenth year, the car drove towards Gaopingling, and the Cao Shuang brothers all followed. Sima Xuan's troops and horses, first based on the arsenal, took out the Tunluo Water Pontoon Bridge", and then sent emissaries to Cao Shuang's camp to persuade them to surrender--this is the opening scene of the article. Therefore, on the day of the Gaopingling Rebellion, Sima Yi only controlled Luoyang and part of its surroundings, as well as the useless "moral threat" Empress Dowager, and still had no advantage over Cao Shuang. Military power, in the hands of Cao Shuang, grain, in the hands of Cao Shuang, Tianzi, also around Cao Shuang, there are these three things, Sima Yi simply can not help Cao Shuang, so Huan Fan will "should not be the empress dowager (Sima Yi proposed), correct the edict to open the Gate of Pingchang, south to Cao Shuang." However, Cao Shuang and his men eventually reacted like this:
The Cao Shuang brothers hesitated, and their brother Cao Xi could not accept the words (Huan Fan's advice), while xu Yun and Shang Shu Chen Tai said that Cao Shuang had already blamed himself. Cao Shuang then sent Xu Yun and Chen Taiyi sima Xuanwang to blame and ask for death. King Xuan then spared The Cao Shuang brothers (曹爽) and Cao Xi (曹嵩) and returned hou to hou.
Well, without any resistance, it was obediently surrendered. Therefore, Huan Fan would scold the Cao Shuang brothers: "Ru Father (Cao Zhen) is beautiful, sheng Ru brothers, calf ears!" ”
Cao Zhen surrendered his hand under the condition of absolute superiority, and the most fundamental reason was that he was weak and incompetent by nature. For example, he always had the deepest fear and jealousy of Sima Yi. When Emperor Ming was alone, Sima Yi only had the name of a lonely vassal and had no real power, but Cao Shuang was still afraid of him. The Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms says: "Ding Ming drew a plan, so that Cao Shuang was a daytime son, and he issued an edict to turn Sima Yi into a taifu, and he was honored by his name, and he really had to control his weight." As mentioned earlier, at that time, "the government affairs were introduced into the cabinet", the three dukes were basically elevated, and Cao Shuang overlifted Sima Yi, which was the manifestation of his fear of Sima Yi. Cao Shuang did not have the ability to oppose Sima Yi (like Cao Zhen), and still less was he able to tolerate Sima Yi (like Cao Cao), so he had to use these conspiracies and tricks to calculate Sima Yi. And the scheming Sima Xuanwang was already familiar with Cao Shuang's trick, and when Cao Shuang overthrew Sima Yi, Sima Yi was probably thinking: "Milk, Emperor Ming just died, you have leaked out of the bottom line, alas." ”
Cao Shuang's weakness and incompetence can also be seen in his brocade and jade food. The "Biography of Cao Shuang" says: "Cao Shuang's diet and car clothes are intended to be taken by public opinion; Shang Fang zhen plays and fills his family; his wife and concubine Yinghou court, and he privately takes seven or eight people from the former emperor, and thirty-three generals, teachers, advocates, and children of the liang family, all of whom think that they are happy." "Che You, Zhen Bao, wives and concubines, and talents are all products of corruption and degeneration, and it is precisely because cao Shuang is incompetent in nature that he will turn a blind eye to the harm of these corrupt things and cannot resist these temptations." Compared with Cao Shuang's simple but powerful predecessors, such as Cao Cao, "the world is not yet stable, after burial, all are removed... Xiahou Huan "has a simple nature, has surplus wealth to divide, does not have enough capital to be official, and does not rule the industry", Cao Shuangyan has the reason of being invincible?
It is precisely because of his cowardly nature that Cao Shuang will live to become a veritable flower shelf. From the outside, he is powerful and unmatched, and from the inside, he is strong and dry on the outside, and he is strong and strong inward. And Sima Yi is the extreme opposite of Cao Shuang's personality, from the outside, he has been recuperating at home for more than ten years, has long been like a dry bone in the grave, not afraid, but from the inside, Sima Yi can endure for decades, from Cao Cao to Cao Shuang, it is the performance of his self-confidence. Cao Cao saw this, but he did not get rid of Sima Yi in time, leaving this time bomb to posterity, from this point of view, Cao Cao single-handedly founded Cao Wei Jiangshan, and also destroyed this Jiangshan with the other.