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In front of the world, the art that can represent China is Chinese painting. It is the excellent tradition of our Chinese nation, the elite culture, the essence of the country, and the core subject of Chinese art. A few years ago, I met an elderly man who was engaged in Sinology and asked, "Is it a painter?" "Yes." "What painting?" "Chinese painting." "Alas, even if there is any Chinese painting now, it has become foreign garbage." I was amazed. Reading "Chen Shouxiang: Chinese Painting is Not Ink Painting", the text mentions: "The current painting is very simple, not Chinese and western, no guidelines, no purpose. This "no China, no West" shows that today's Chinese painting is no longer a Chinese painting in the true sense. Guo Qingxiang, a famous art collector, shouted that "Chinese contemporary art is a pile of garbage."
The 5-year National Art Exhibition is the highest festival of Chinese art, which not only reviews the achievements of art creation every 5 years in the country, represents the highest level of Chinese art creation, but also guides the direction of the development of Chinese art. However, since the sixth session, there have been many criticisms, and by the ninth and tenth sessions, many people have called for a halt to the exhibition. It is not that the state wants to hold this exhibition badly, on the contrary, it is a very good thing, but there is a problem with holding this exhibition, it has not achieved the purpose of holding the exhibition, on the contrary, it has a very big side effect.
The 12th National Art Exhibition in 2014 was filled with clouds of spectators, sighing, and more sad and confused. Because this is no longer a Chinese painting exhibition, some people say that at most it is a "cottage version of the Chinese painting exhibition", and some people say that it can be regarded as "half a cottage version of the Western painting exhibition". Of the nearly 600 works selected for the entire exhibition, there are nearly 500 Gongbi paintings, and a national Exhibition of Chinese Paintings has become a national Gongbi Painting Exhibition. Is it the feeling of the brush stroke to facilitate the shape closer to the Western painting? Everyone knows that Chinese painting takes freehand painting as the main body, Gongbi is only a basic painting subject, and no matter how good a Gongbi painting cannot represent the highest level of Chinese painting.
Judging from the works in the whole exhibition, there are the following characteristics:
First, both the brushwork and the freehand are based on the sketch three-dimensional shape of the object.
The second focuses on manual production, even collage and mechanical creation.
The third pursuit of large canvas, full picture, and even stacking, blindly pursue the visual impact of the picture.
The fourth is not to pay attention to penmanship and ink, that is, not to pen and ink.
Fifth, copy and copy each other, many people on the same side, some abstract works directly copied to the West.
Some people say that according to this standard, the best works of anyone, such as Shi Tao, Ren Bonian, Wu Changshuo, Zhang Daqian, Huang Binhong, Li Keyan, Pan Tianshou, Qi Baishi, etc., cannot be selected for this exhibition, for only one reason, not on the same road. Nearly 600 masterpieces, vast, thousands of meters of exhibition line, an hour of road has not finished the painting has been finished. If you think about seeing a fan of Huang Qiuyuan in an art museum, you have to stop for several hours, and there is only one reason, one is the appearance, and the other is the inside.
What exactly is Chinese painting?
Chinese held an exhibition of Chinese paintings, which became a cottage version. Embarrassed, I had to turn around and ask, "What is Chinese painting?" "Maybe this question is ridiculous, but it is true that not many people can say it clearly, because there is no exact definition so far, as if it is an unfinished or immature thing that has been developing and changing. To lose something from the ancestors, to forget something that has existed for thousands of years, is it amnesia or is it a real cultural fault?
First of all, from the perspective of the origin of Chinese painting, "Chinese painting, the origin of ancient, hieroglyphs, laying the foundation; literature and painting, in the beginning, there is no difference, this way." In ancient times, there was a saying that calligraphy and painting were of the same origin. Some people believe that Fuxi's painting of Gua Gua and Cangjie's creation of characters is the precedent of calligraphy and painting, and "there is no difference between words and drawings at the beginning." That is to say, Chinese calligraphy and painting are the same from the text, Chinese characters are Chinese characters, Chinese characters are hieroglyphs, pictograms are pictures, and each Chinese character is a complete painting. Chinese characters are composed of dot lines, according to the principle of balance between east and west in heaven and earth, yin and yang phases and eight directions of balance, is the ancestor of mechanics, but also the ancestor of philosophy, is the world's most magical text. According to the principle of mechanics, the only Chinese characters can lie down and stand up. Each Chinese character not only has an independent sound, shape, and meaning, but also has the "meaning" behind it, and has an independent life. For example, "wu" means "stopping the war", and "fate" means "prostrating one person", that is, lying on the ground and prostrating to all things, knowing that reverence is "destiny". "Fu" learned from the oracle bone hieroglyph that a person held a wine altar sacrifice, wine is the essence of grain, the most precious thing in ancient times, to be sacrificed, so "dedication" is "blessing". From this point of view, Chinese painting and calligraphy are all based on different points and lines for a certain reasonable layout, in order to depict a certain form to express a certain ideological connotation.
"Early Spring Diagram" Song Guoxi
Second, from the perspective of the basic tools of Chinese painting, the 3 magic weapons left to us by the ancestors: brush, ink, and rice paper, on the whole, the 3 magic weapons have a common feature that they are all changing, that is, the brush is soft, its state is changing, the ink is also changed, and the ink on the rice paper is also changed. From this point of view, Chinese painting is not a painting art that seeks modeling, but more of an art that has a reasonable grasp of the changes in brush and ink through painting modeling and pursues the art of "the unity of nature and man". Qi Baishi said that "similar is vulgar, not similar is not, wonderful is between similar and not similar" is the mystery of Chinese painting pursuit. For example, the medication of traditional Chinese medicine is measured according to two or money, and according to the condition, with an appropriate dosage, the medicine will be removed from the disease, and the good doctor will also be. Chinese painting is also based on the change of brush and ink, finding a certain moderate form, and expressing certain feelings and ideas. Therefore, Chinese painting reflects not only the objects depicted, but also the artist's ideological concept itself, so there are "all things created, the source of the heart", "the chest is confident", and "consciousness" is the main body of Chinese painting.
Third, from the perspective of the composition of the elements of Chinese painting, Chinese painting is composed of poetry, books, paintings, printing and other aspects. "Poetry" does not have to be inscribed with verses on the picture, and "book" does not have to be written with calligraphy on the picture, but means that the picture scenery should be poetic, sublime, and wonderful. The object modeling requires the brushwork of calligraphy, which requires endless changes, and is just right and natural; "painting" is the shape of the picture, requiring it to be between similarity and dissimilarity; "printing" is not independent of the falling paragraph, but in the balance, filling, adding color and use, but also the size, shape, knife carving style of the "print" with the painter's temperament, and the picture style kisses with Tiancheng. These show that Chinese painting requires a high comprehensive ability, and a single painting modeling ability is only its most basic skill, but more is something other than painting modeling. Since ancient times, there have also been many paintings that are proficient in modeling, but they are all called "craftsmen", and true Chinese painting must have calligraphy, literature, philosophy, ethics, and many comprehensive skills such as nature and society.
Fourth, from the perspective of the expression of Chinese painting, it is pen and ink. Pen and ink refers to the form and method of the painter using the pen and ink. Painters express their unique emotions and ideas through brush and ink forms, and there is a saying that "painting is like his person" in ancient times, so pen and ink forms are the first element of Chinese painting, and the study of brushwork and ink methods is the main pursuit of painters. Because the pen and ink itself has an independent vitality, carrying the national social ideology and aesthetic concepts, such as the "Tibetan front" in the pen used in calligraphy, why "Hide" is beautiful? Because to "converge", not to "sharpen". "Rich do not show wealth, poor is not short-sighted" is a kind of social cognition. In ancient times, there was a saying that "the text carries the Tao, and the painting carries the Tao", "Tao" is not only the law of the development of things, but also the social cognition and wisdom, the "Tao" in the painting is mostly the "Tao" of pen and ink, such as a line in Chinese painting, which requires "three twists and turns" to be straight, thick, thick, wet, virtual and many other changes, and the pen should have a light, heavy, fast and slow atmosphere. A straight line, called a "dead line". This special aesthetic is precisely the world view of the Chinese nation, that is, change and development are the true meaning of things. Therefore, there are "born in trouble, died in comfort", "victory is not proud, defeat is not discouraged", "transport gold into iron, transport iron into gold", "prevent micro-gradually", "do not look at today's joy, wait until the future to pull the list" and so on are relatively changing life. For example, in Chinese painting, two connected lines, it is best not to connect directly, but to leave a little away, called "pen breaks the meaning of the connection", in fact, in life, such as architecture, there is a "seam docking", otherwise the heat expansion and cold contraction will be a problem; the relationship between people is also "gentlemen's friendship is as light as water"; husband and wife should also "respect each other as guests"; in doing things for people, it is "talking can not be full, doing things can not be absolute", there must be room. Master Huang Binhong's landscape paintings directly "replace lines with dots", ethereal, plump, thick and elegant.
Fifth, from the perspective of the structural law of Chinese painting, Chinese painting does not talk about natural perspective, some people say that the three distances are the law of perspective, in fact, the layout principle, Chinese painting in the picture of the landscape structure only according to the relationship between pen and ink, such as black squeezing white, white squeezing black, thick is light, light is thick, virtual is real, real is virtual, long is short, short is long, etc., through the principle of contrasting pen and ink relationship to depict the relationship between objects and images, which is also the natural law of the universal unity of all things, but also the philosophical principle of antithesis and unity. The composition rules of Chinese painting are generally "triangle", "Z-shape", and "S-shape". "Triangle" is based on the scientific principle of "three points determine a plane", in Yixue "three" is the source of all things, "one life two, two births three, three births of all things", "three legs stand tall", there is "three" there is a world. "Three" is a commonly used cardinal principle in Chinese painting, such as dot moss in groups of three points, painting leaves and bamboo leaves in groups of three petals, painting stones with three sides to fix shapes, painting flowers, grasses, forests, and so on. The ancients yun "three people must have my teacher", "three stinky cobblers topped one Zhuge Liang", "nothing but three", "a good man three gangs" and so on are all the same concept in life. A family can be happy with "father, mother, and son", and a world can have at least three forces to be harmonious, which is the world outlook and aesthetic concept of the Chinese nation. "Z-shaped" and "S-shaped" are spiraling upwards, in line with the law of the development of things, and can also be regarded as multiple "triangle" composition methods, but it requires that the two adjacent "triangles" must be on the same side, and the same side can be connected to one. This is a great beauty, the Chinese nation has been living endlessly for thousands of years, the "blood source" relationship is the foundation of its existence, Chinese society has always been composed of family society, such as hundreds of family names, the implementation of heterosexual intermarriage, is not only scientific reproduction, but also to maintain peace. In ancient times, there were many examples of wars through "easy marriage and peace". Harmony is the highest concept of society. Chinese paintings talk about "interspersing", such as "adjacent two lines must intersect (extension line)", parallel lines are "bad strokes", three or more lines can not intersect at one point, otherwise it is a "dead knot", which is a scientific dotted line arrangement and combination principle, while carrying a deep social ethics, everything in the world is connected, "there is a cause and effect", "there is a mountain and a water", "wood is fire, fire is gold, gold is born of earth, native wood" society is a net, must be sorted out in an orderly manner, if many things are entangled in one place, there will be problems, People should hold hands and care for each other, and "harmony" is the great beauty of society.
Sixth, from the perspective of the subject matter of Chinese painting: although it is divided into landscapes, figures, flowers and birds, it all follows a "high, big, and up" principle, "high" is noble and noble; "big" is atmospheric and righteous; "up" is supreme and elegant. This is our national spirit, such as the landscape painting "search for the Qifeng draft", with "Qi", "Jun", "Wei", "Xiong", etc. as the beauty; the "Meilan Bamboo Chrysanthemum Four Gentlemen" in the flower and bird paintings are all loved, because the plum blossoms are cold-resistant, the chrysanthemums are proud of frost, the orchids are fragrant, and the bamboo is humble, all of which are of the highest quality. At that time, Qi Baishi was ostracized in the Beijing painting circle, although Xu Beihong lifted up, it was the white eyes of many people, the reason was not that he was all from the stall, but that he broke the taboo of Chinese painting subjects, such as toilets, dung, rats, insects and other things that did not fit into the painting, people called him a riba, did not know elegance, and finally gave him a name of "great elegance". Chinese painting gives people the highest realm, the supreme concept, the excellent wisdom, to purify the soul. Some people summarize the "Yi" sutra into 3 words, that is, "up, stop, right", "up" is to be positive, look forward, there is a pursuit, "stop" is to have a bottom limit and criterion, such as "to be a king, stop at benevolence; for people subjects, stop at respect; as a son, stop at filial piety; be a father, stop at kindness; make friends with the people, stop at faith." "Righteousness" is the Tao, which stands tall against heaven and earth and is upright. In fact, Chinese painting is not only the subject matter, pen and ink, structure, artistic conception, all of which are pursuing these 3 words.
In this way, Chinese painting is not a pure painting art, because it does not take the depiction of the object itself as the first purpose, but more through the pen and ink of the depiction of the object, it expresses a social concept, showing human intelligence, wisdom, morality and ethics, as well as cognition and grasp of the world. If you look at Chinese and Western painting, Western painting is science, Chinese painting is philosophy; Western painting gives people image perception, Chinese painting gives people more enlightenment of ideas and purification of the soul; Western painting talks about technology, Chinese painting talks about skill; Western painting is called looking, Chinese painting is called product; Western painting is expression, Chinese painting is preaching; Western painting makes people excited, and Chinese painting makes people wake up.
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