The words that originated in the five dynasties of the late Tang Dynasty ushered in a prosperous situation in the Song Dynasty in which a hundred flowers bloomed and a hundred schools of thought contended. Therefore, Song Ci has become a "generation of literature" comparable to Tang poetry. Words are both a literary genre and an emerging pop song. In the late Tang Dynasty, when the five dynasties were born, they wrote more delicate emotions of love and love and entertaining moments.
In the Northern Song Dynasty, the soft style of xiaoling and slow words created by fan zhongyan, Ouyang Xiu, Liu Yong and other literati all met these necessary aesthetic characteristics. Su Shi's creative technique of "using poetry as words" not only expanded the theme of the lyrics, but also brought imposing lyrics to the word world. Since then, the word began to break through the "erotic feelings", from a single entertainment demand to the expression of the mentality of the scholars, and printed the characteristics of the literature of the times, Su Shi's creative methods influenced a large number of contemporaries.
Whether in terms of content or form, the writing of delicate emotions and entertainment is not the same as the expression of pride and ambition and the feelings of home and country. In the Ming Dynasty, Zhang Qi proposed the technical terms "bold" and "gentle" to distinguish between these two words in the "Shiyu Atlas", which was widely accepted by later generations. Bold words and euphemisms are like two flowers and flowers in the garden of Song Ci Hundred Flowers, each with its own wind and currents, dividing the autumn colors equally.
Therefore, when people talk about Song Ci or Song Song people, they will subconsciously and naturally attribute them to the Euphemistic or Extravagant faction. When it comes to Liu Yong, Qin Guan, Zhou Bangyan, and Li Qingzhao, people will naturally classify them as the representative lyricists of the Wanyue school, while Su Shi, Zhang Yuangan, Xin Shuyi and other poets are firmly in the list of poets of the Haofang faction.
Among the lyricists of the Haofang faction, Su Shi and Xin Zhiyi, the two lyricists, are the absolute double pride of the Haofang faction. In addition to the two of them, many lyricists have made attempts at bold word writing.
Among them is a lyricist, he is He Zhu. His bold words are broad in subject matter and not shallow; his euphemisms are clear and elegant, timeless and long. His lyrics are both elegant and bold in one, and can be integrated, its own family, his lyrics have a high literary value, in the history of Song Dynasty played a transitional role in the history of Song Dynasty.
He Zhu, the character Fang Hui, self-proclaimed Qinghu Relic Elder, late Northern Song Dynasty lyricist. He Zhu was born into the nobility, and his ancestors were the founding heroes of the Northern Song Dynasty. However, by the time of He Zhu's generation, the family was in the middle of the road, and although He Zhu embraced the desire to focus on the whole family and serve the country, he only stepped into the career as a low-level military attaché.
This kind of edification from the military attaché family made He Zhu adhere to the temperament of a generous hero, and the declining family lineage made him accumulate more sighs in his heart.
In the sixth year of the Yuan Dynasty, He Zhu returned to Beijing after serving in the local area, and many years of running and working made him transform from a heroic teenager full of chivalry into a twilight hero who had experienced the vicissitudes of the world.
After returning to Beijing, under the strong recommendation of Li Qingchen, Su Shi and others, He Zhu abandoned Wu Zhiwen and took up the official position of Zheng Jiupin, although this was a civilian official position, but the grade was very low, so that he lamented in the poem "Farewell to Wang Jingtong": "The official title has fallen to the bottom of the hundred staff, and the shirt is muddy and steals two sideburns." ”
He Zhu's creation in this period also faced a choice. He has built himself into a generalist, integrating boldness and elegance, harmonizing poetic words with lyric traditions, and maintaining the unique aesthetic characteristics of words when introducing the poetic tradition into lyrics, which is a problem faced by He Zhu and an aspect that reflects his aesthetic creativity.
He Zhu has a child's tender side, and his amorous thoughts will also be reflected in the lyrics, and He Zhu's euphemistic words "Qingyu Case" is a representative work of love and rhyme:
Lingbo is not hengtang road. But see, go away. Who is the degree of Kinsehua Nian? Platform flower pavilion, trivial window Zhu household, only spring knowledge.
The clouds are rising and falling. Color pen new title broken intestine sentence. How much idleness do you have? A river of tobacco, flying all over the city, plums yellow when the rain.
The poem is written about a chance encounter of the lyricist, perhaps he really met, or maybe just dreamed in a dream. A beautiful woman came to herself, getting closer and closer, but just as she was about to reach the hengtang where she was, she turned in another direction. The amorous gaze of the writer followed the fading figure, and he could not help but feel pity in his heart.
Who would have been so lucky to be with her? In such a questioning voice, the woman had left the writer's field of vision, and her graceful figure had disappeared into the platform flower pavilion and the trivial window Zhu Hu.
The whole film is written as far as the eyes of the word and the mind thinks, and the visual impression is reflected in the inner emotions. It was a woman, and the object of his dreams, and she slowly disappeared from her eyes little by little.
The next film writes confused feelings, in the loneliness and sighing, the writer looks at the scenery in front of him, the twilight is vast, the heart is confused, how to express his mood? At this time, the lyricist intercepted three montage-like pictures: "A river of tobacco, a city full of flying feathers, plums yellow when the rain." ”
It's a hazy, looming scene, and there's a hint of melancholy and resentment in it. This scene is no longer a simple ordinary picture, but a very eye-catching picture, but also a beautiful, emotional scene, and at the same time a new artistic lens: the creek. The tobacco is cloudy; the city is fluttering; the sky, the drizzle is shining.
So the plain river, the tobacco, the city, the flying feathers, all melted into the drizzle. This series of shots superimposed together will inevitably bring people a continuous aesthetic experience and a long period of thinking activity. Through the artistic conception created by the lyricist, people will also experience the emotion, temperature and infinite charm contained in the text.
That's where the charm of this song lies. The three sentences at the end of this poem won him the elegant title of "He Meizi" because of his continuous sentiment and rich meaning.
As he grew older, He Zhu transformed from military attaché to scribe. The change of identity added an elegant charm to his lyrics, both in reality and in the lyrics, he was happy to accept and quickly adapted to this transformation. When he lingered in his career, although his lyrics still maintained the shadow of heroic temperament, they were already obviously literati, and the choice of imagery, the management of emotions, and the use of poems revealed cultural meanings everywhere.
Seeing that there was no way out of his life, no way to serve the country, and it was difficult to reward his ambitions, He Zhu chose to reconcile with himself. He became depressed, had little hope for the future, studied behind closed doors, immersed himself in learning, and at the age of fifty-eight he retired to Suzhou. Since then, he has been far away from his career and immersed himself in learning.
He Zhu ran from his prime to old age, the change of social role did not bring him hope, but made him more sentimental, aesthetic concepts are also changing, his aesthetic pursuit shows the depth of emotion, the elegance of language, and the heroic atmosphere that is full of writing and life ideals, which are the unique personality characteristics of his lyrics.
He Zhu spent his life at the age of 74, and in his lifetime he also witnessed the prosperity of Song Ci, and his personality was bold, and this bold personality was as he wrote in "Six States Song Head", which was the arrogance of "young chivalry, intercourse with the five capitals". "Six States Song Head" is one of He Zhu's representative works, and it is also a bold poem he expresses his pride and ambition and home and country feelings:
Young chivalrous, befriending the five capitals. Liver and gallbladder holes, hairs shrugged. In the standing talk, death and life are the same. A promise weighs a thousand gold. Push the brave, dignified and indulgent. Light cover embrace, joint flying skeleton, Doucheng East. Boom drinking, spring color floating cold urn, sucking sea hanging rainbow. Idle eagle dog, white feather plucked eagle bow, cunning hole Russian air. Happy hurry.
Like Huang Liang Dream, Ci Dan Feng; Bright Moon Gong, Yang Lonely Peng. Bureaucracy, courtesy; dust cages, book series. The birds are like clouds, for rough use, kuki gong. Agitation, Yuyang Lane, Si Sorrowful Weng. Do not invite the long wisp, tie the heavenly pride seed, the sword roared in the west wind. Hate the mountain climbing near the water, send the seven-stringed tong in hand, and see the return to Hong.
Through the memories of his heroic life in the capital for six or seven years, this poem creates a character image of Renxia. The first is to write a group of young people with heroic chivalrous personalities, they are like-minded and take care of each other; they are righteous and fearless; they are heavy on righteousness and light on wealth, and they promise thousands of dollars; they respect bravery and heroic indulgence.
The second is to write about his own behavior with these young samurai. They were surrounded by light vehicles and rushed to the outskirts of Beijing; they were noisy and talkative, drinking and talking; they drove eagles and dogs, hunting and sweeping the enemy's nest. Through the main description of the mental outlook and behavior of this group of young chivalrous people, let us fully feel the vitality of these young people's lives, exuberant energy and passion for fighting.
However, at the transition between the upper and lower films, the lyricist uses "happy hurry" and "like a yellow sorghum dream" as the key to the change of meaning and emotion. Although the heroic life of renxia in his youth was cheerful, it was a pity that the years were fleeting, the wind and rain were fluttering, everything was like a yellow sorghum dream, and when he looked back on the past, there was only a piece of smoke left.
What comes into sight is no longer the vigorous and heroic ambition of the young people, nor is it the happy life, the happy drinking and wandering; instead, the ups and downs of the eunuch sea and the impermanence of the world in reality, especially the sadness and loneliness of the roadless, the doorless service to the country, and the staggering years.
In the next film, the lyricist says that he left the capital to take up a post in a foreign country, riding a lonely boat on a lonely journey, with silent water and trees, only accompanied by the bright moon. The cold moonlight reflected the cold river, and the ripples that spread out layer by layer still reverberated in the hearts of the writers.
The writer recalls the past years, and his heart can't help but feel that "Confucian crown is more mistaken". He couldn't help but think: If he could really abandon his official position like Tao Yuanming and truly return to the mountains and forests, success or failure, honor and disgrace would not be taken into account, and he would still be clean. And now that it is the autumn of many events, how can we bear to stand by and watch.
The writer introspects himself, he has empty ambitions, but he is a man who speaks lightly, cannot serve the country, and has been depressed in his heart for many years and complains that he is not unhappy, just like the river that breaks the embankment, gushing endlessly. The lyricist expands from lamenting personal encounters to the cry of those who are depressed and depressed with similar experiences to themselves, and finally points the sharp edge of speech to the limitations of the times.
However, the situation is incompatible with the wishful thinking of the lyricist, and the patriotic soldiers have no ambition and are useless. He couldn't help but be distressed: it was the autumn of troubles, the river was restless, and I, a sad and angry veteran, could not come to the battlefield in person, and the sword I was wearing also broke out in the autumn wind with an angry roar. At this point, the Wulingxia Shao, who had flown eagles and lackeys when he was young, had completed his transformation into the image of a benevolent man who "did not dare to forget the country", and the image was tall and plump.
The last three sentences say that their aspirations to serve the country cannot be realized, and they can only climb the mountain and water, and play the piano to express their nostalgia to dispel their anger. However, when the country's situation is fluctuating, can the writer really stay out of the matter and stand by? It can be seen that the first sentence of a "hate" word is full of helplessness and pain in the heart of the lyricist.
In the form of short sentences, paved techniques, and sonorous rhythms, this song sang for us a heroic song that has no way out and no way to serve the country, and the more passionate and generous the words, the more heart-shaking, it has had an important impact on the opening of the patriotic style of the Southern Song Dynasty.
He Zhu's bold lyric "Six States Song Head", the style is desolate and tragic, the narrative, discussion, lyricism are closely combined, the pen is strong and vigorous, the spirit is soaring, and the grammar is rigorous, the sentences are short and dense, and the agitated vocal feelings are reflected in the dancing melody, and the two are perfectly unified.
In fact, He Zhu's life was relatively bleak. He has always served as a local low-level official, his enthusiasm and his talents have not been displayed, and his ambition has only been exchanged for years of stagnation, passing through the clouds, mirror flowers and water, and achieving nothing.
When He Zhu retired to Suzhou in his later years, he wrote the famous lyric "Qingyu Case", which reflected his lonely and sad life of not meeting and refusing to go with the world in his own nostalgia, and how similar to the realm expressed in "Six States SongTou" that "hates to climb the mountain and the water, sends seven strings to the tong, and sees The Return to Hong" in "Six States SongTou".
He Zhu's amorous thoughts have formed his unique aesthetic mentality, and the emotional direction of his own choice of imagery is relatively vague, which can express direct emotions about his own life, and can also seek sustenance through the image itself. In these works, the aesthetic characteristics of the lyric tradition are expressed.
However, whether there is sustenance or not, He Zhu writes at a glance. He writes love with things, emotional people, his aesthetic world is relatively pure, there are not so many scruples, all are handwritten, straight to the chest, but let people feel that it is the true expression of natural emotions.
If He Zhu's lyrics are simply divided into two lyrical subjects, bold and gentle, it is obviously not very pertinent. He Zhu's euphemism and bold words should be "you have me, I have you", in other words, He Zhu's lyrics combine the two styles of grace and boldness.