Author: Lao Tan, Source: Tang Poetry song poetry ancient poems (ID: tsgsc8)
There were many poets in the Tang Dynasty, who were good at chivalry and loved swords and blades, and they also wrote many passionate and generous poems.
Jia Dao once wrote: "Ten years of grinding a sword, the frost blade has not been tried." In the final analysis, he only sharpened his sword, at most it was "showing the king", and he should not have the courage to kill.
Li Bai seems to prefer violence. "Killing people is like mowing grass, and drama is the same as traveling." He seemed to make no secret of his "ambition" to kill people and set them on fire; "to be in the white blade, in the red dust." "This fanatic seems to be a little dashing, a little more arrogant...
The fact is that Li Taibai most likely did not kill anyone. Poetry is poetry, Sword Hao is Sword Hao, what is written is written, what is done is done, and that is more or less.
After more than two hundred years before and after the Tang Dynasty, the most important thing is poets, whether there are poets who kill people, the answer is of course yes.
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This hero who dared to kill people and set fires was named Su Zhuo.
It is ridiculous to say, when it comes to Su Zhuo, the first thing that many people think of is Su Dongpo's uncle. Su Zhuo of the Song Dynasty is obviously more like a "good student" in the traditional sense, people read seriously when they were young, and never let teachers and parents worry about it, because of Su Zhuo's erudition, nephew Su Dongpo still regards him as an idol.
Compared with Su Zhuo of the Song Dynasty, the only thing that the two have in common is that they are both Meishan people in Meizhou.
Yan Zhao has been generous and sad since ancient times, but it is undeniable that there is no shortage of heroes in the land of Bashu. According to historical records, in the past years, when King Wu of Zhou cut down the silk, he relied on the soldiers here, "Ba shi brave, singing and dancing to Ling Yin people, former disciples defected, so the world called 'King Wu cut down the silk, before the song and dance' also." ”
After Qin Shi Huang unified China, he intentionally or unintentionally relocated all kinds of criminals to the Shu Han Dynasty, including but not limited to traitors (Yan Yi's family), political prisoners (Lü Buwei's people), big businessmen (Zhuo Wenjun's ancestors), and a variety of "unscrupulous people".
Various types of prisoners, local magnates, and emigrant aristocrats gradually made Bashu a "paradise for heroes". Later generations of Bashu literati also involuntarily engraved the spirit of RenXia into their genes.
For example, Zhuo Wenjun's husband Sima Xiangru, who came from Bashu and was praised by later generations as a "saint", but as a teenager, he "read well and learned fencing".
Another example is the early Tang Dynasty poet Chen Ziang, who grew up in a family of great wealth, "Ren Xia Shangqi, Yi Bo", it is said that Chen Ziang also personally slashed and injured people.
Compared with them, Su Zhuo can be called "the hero of heroes".
First of all, Su Zhuan is a down-to-earth bandit, so arrogant that even the most brutal traders are afraid of him. Secondly, the weapons used by Su Zhuan were also quite different.
The average literati love swords, but in real wars, short swords are mostly used in close-range combat, as Li Taibai said, "ten steps to kill a person, a thousand miles do not stay", but if the distance is too large, the swordsmanship of chivalrous is often not conducive to play. For the literati, the essence of the sword is more important to highlight the spirit of shangwu.
Su Zhuo is a "doer", and his weapon is a bow. Ancient poems about swords are mostly embodied in chivalry, and the battlefield is only an appendage, but when it comes to bows, the stage is mostly a battlefield.
The black geese of the moon flew high and fled alone at night.
To drive the light horse away, the snow is full of bow knives.
The reason is simple, compared to the "formalism" of the sword, the bow is more powerful, in the era of cold weapons, the bow and arrow can be called the most lethal weapon.
Su Zhuo was good at using a white strong bow, and the merchants and heroes of Bashu were afraid of him, secretly calling him "White Metatarsal".
In folklore, the "thief" is known as "the first great thief in ancient times", he led thousands of bandits, ran amok in the world, invaded the princes, and wherever he went, the people did not have a good life.
The people's style of the Bashu merchants described Su Zhuo as "thieves", and their power can be imagined.
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The people of any dynasty feared robbers, and poets expressed their hatred for them through poetry, and Du Fu once condemned robbers:
The good will not last long, and this life will be too laborious.
Poor but boneless, the group of thieves is still like hair.
Su Zhuan's bad reputation is very loud, but his poetry title is not large, and the poetry he wrote later is not high, only about four poems have been handed down, and in the star-studded Tang Dynasty poetry circle, such figures are really not eye-catching.
The reason why Su Zhuan has left his name for eternity is first of all to thank Du Fu for his strong praise. Yes, the poet who hates thieves admires the leader of thieves.
The reason why Du Fu admired him was reduced to eight words in the history books, "after knowing what is wrong, apostasy learns from it."
Su Zhuan realized his mistake and knew that there would never be a future for being a bandit, so he studied diligently, and soon after, he really became famous, and some people said that he entered the army and the first - it should be known that neither Li Bai nor Du Fu had passed the entrance examination in his life.
Later, Su Zhuo was repeatedly promoted to the post of imperial history.
In 769, a year before Du Fu's death, the old man was in Changsha, living in a boat, lonely and miserable.
Suddenly, a man named Su Zhuo went to visit Du Fu, and between tea and wine, Su Zhuo also sang several poems he had written.
Du Fu's evaluation of his poetry was, "talented and strong, moving words", "Yin Yin has the voice of leaving gold", and what is even more incredible is that in the face of this young man, Du Fu actually poured out and prepared.
It should be noted that Du Fu wrote more than a thousand poems in his lifetime, and many of his poems are indeed, "the pen falls into a storm, and the poems become weeping ghosts and gods." A year before his death, the old man threw himself on the ground and admired the young man.
In the late autumn of 769 AD, Du Fu was still in Changsha, and the poet and Su Zhuan had long been separated, but they still missed him for no reason.
Feast once spoke Su Jizi, and later outstanding Yunsun Bi.
Mao Zhai Ding Wang Cheng Guo Men, medicine Chu old fish merchant city.
Every time the north shoulder of the city is joint, Guo Nan holds the urn and hides a few.
Countless generals xi dicheng, early as the prime minister of the east.
The meaning of these poems is that Su Zhuo and himself once lived outside the "Dingwang City" (that is, Changsha), the two often met in the medicine shop and the fish market, and sometimes they would take a palanquin to the north of the city to play together, and sometimes they would go to the south of the city to sit on a low chair to watch the farmers cultivate the fields.
At the time of writing this poem, Du Fu was already dying of old age, and he was very pessimistic in the poem, "When will the drums and horns of the world rest, and the front part of the battle will die all day long." "I'm old and not at all. In his opinion, Kuang Shiji's hope lies in someone like Su Zhuan.
In the last years of his life, Du Fu wandered around, and in addition to staying in Changsha, he also entered Hengzhou twice. He specially wrote a poem "Into Hengzhou" to commemorate the last wandering in his life. In the poem, Du Fu mentions Su Zhuan again:
Drama Meng Seven Kingdoms Fear, Ma Qing Four Endowments.
Men Yan Su was born, brave and white.
In these four poems, a total of three ancients are mentioned, namely the great literary hero Sima Xiangru, the famous general Bai Qi, and the great hero Meng of the Han Dynasty. Du Fu compared them with Su Zhuo, saying that Su Zhuo was not only an all-rounder in literature and martial arts, but also a good warrior.
Looking at the praise of shi sheng, you may be curious, Su Zhuan is too powerful, and I think you will be surprised, such a powerful person, why should he rely on others to make a name.
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The poems written by poets often have exaggerated words, and if nothing else, comparing Su Zhuan's articles with Sima Xiang's, there is some meaning of wearing a top hat for Su Zhuo.
Therefore, when later generations evaluate Du Fu's behavior, there are often sentences such as "encountering against the journey, what is promised in a momentary mood" and "the words of the poet are more like than real".
The meaning of the literati of later generations is that Du Fu was in the midst of adversity at that time, and his life was not very smooth, and he could not avoid expressing exaggerated views. After all, regardless of quantity or quality, It is difficult for Su Zhuan's works to be shoulder to shoulder with Sima Zuo.
There are not many poems passed down by Su Zhuan, there is one that is worth saying, but it is not how flying the literary style is, through this "Change of Law", the poet tells the story of a teenager who is not afraid of poisonous bees and sacrifices himself to eliminate disasters, just as the poem says:
Poisonous bees form a stalk, hanging high on evil branches.
Pedestrians are a hundred paces away, and their eyes are broken.
On the side of Chang'an Avenue, who is bombing.
Holding the golden pill in his right hand, he was full of doubt.
However, the teenager's final fate was not good, and he ended up with a miserable end.
The body is like a thousand arrows, like a lost place.
There is nothing wrong with it, but I don't know how many.
The reason why the author chose this poem is that the image of this teenager portrayed by Su Zhuan is like his own life.
When he was young, Su Zhuo flew high, like the teenager who "held the golden pill in his right hand". Later, he studied hard and became peaceful and steady.
After passing the examination, Su Zhuo became a minor official such as Yushi, Zuo Hunan Mu, and he just wanted to make a difference in the chaotic world, and his superior Cui Zhongcheng was killed by his subordinates.
In desperation, Su Zhuo had to choose to flee, he first fled to Hengzhou, where he met his predecessor Du Fu, who then recommended Su Zhuo to Hengzhou.
After about 770 AD, that is, the year of Du Fu's death, Su Zhuan could only go to Guangzhou and defect to local officials.
While in Guangzhou, Su Zhuo instigated a Turkic general named Ge Shu Huang to kill the local highest official, Lingnan Jiedushi, after which Su Zhuo rebelled against Lingnan.
Although the "Anshi Rebellion" failed, for a while, there were countless generals with wolf ambitions like An Lushan who emerged, and they also wanted to occupy the world by force. Ge Shu Huang is undoubtedly one of them.
In this rebellion, Su Zhuo served as a military division—he seems to have long forgotten Du Fu's praise and expectations for him.
The history books use "like a dragon seeing blood, the essence is prominent" to describe Su Zhuo's change, which means that Su Zhuo is like a dragon seeing blood, and his nature is exposed.
Unfortunately, he had the ambition of An Lushan, but he did not have the ability of An Lushan, and An and Shi had been wandering around for more than eight years, and Su Zhuo said to them, "There is no place to live, and there is no ambush." "He didn't last long, and he was killed.
It is true that Mr. Guo Moruo regards Su Zhuo as a "people's hero", but most scholars do not agree. Su Zhuan started as a robber and ended up with a rebellion, just like the teenager described in his poems, he finally ended up with a tragic ending.
What is even more lamentable is that Su Zhuo failed to live up to Du Fu's expectations, the old man loved the country and the people all his life, and in the last few years of his life, he pinned all his hopes on this young man, but Su Zhuo embarked on a completely opposite life.
What a sad story.
Resources:
1, Guo Moruo: "Du Fu and Su Zhuo"
2, Xin Wenfang: "Biography of Tang Caizi" Su Zhuan
3, Qin Chuan and Jia Hongdong, eds., "Talking about Ancient Soldiers: Appreciation of Ancient Chinese Weapons"
4, Zeng Zaozhuang: "On Su Zhuo"
5, Dai Yuhuang: "The People's Poet Su Zhuan" Questions the Saying"
6, Li Yutong: "On the Poetry of Su Zhuo"
7, Yan Zhengdao: "The Theory of Ancient Chivalrous Culture in Bashu Region"
-Author-
Always talk, always talk, always talk about people, nothing else.