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As we all know, ancient poetry in ancient times can be sung in the form of singing. Tang poems, Song poems, yuanqu, etc. can be sung and sung, but one thing is different, the theme of Tang poetry and song poetry is more lyrical, the length is short, and the continuous appreciation of singing is insufficient, while the yuanqu (that is, yuan miscellaneous drama) sings a piece of storyline, which makes people listen to it with relish.
Yuanqu actually contains two major categories of miscellaneous dramas and scattered songs, that is, a single lyrical order, similar to Song Ci; and miscellaneous operas are based on the performance form of folk burlesque miscellaneous dramas of the Song Dynasty, on the basis of which they are formed by adding the tunes of the various palaces. This new content and new aesthetic form of meta-drama make Yuanqu flourish for a while.
In general, the formation of Yuanqu has benefited from the innovation of literary forms in the Song Dynasty, such as the slang words composed by Huang Tingjian, Xin Shuyi, Shi Xiaoyou and other characters, which have become the models of Yuansanqu. The formation of yuan miscellaneous drama was also such an innovation in the Song Dynasty, and even as early as the Northern Song Dynasty.
And first enjoy a Song poem known as the "ancestor of opera" in the Yuan Dynasty - "Butterfly Love Flower":
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Butterflies love flowers
Northern Song Dynasty Zhao Lingqi
The courtyard is dusk and spring rain, a wisp of deep heart, a hundred kinds of tie. The green wing suddenly came to announce the good news, and the fish note was slightly compatible.
When the people in the west wing of the moon did not sleep, the curtain shadow shook, and Zhu Hu was still languid. The flowers fluttered the red calyx on the wall, and it was clear that it was suspected to be a lover.
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Tang poetry Yanzhi, Song ci lyricism, and Yuanqu narrative, although can not be generalized, but generally speaking, Song ci is indeed clumsy in narrative, so few lyricists use word style to write legendary stories, even if there are, it is mostly a song and a character, and it is difficult to unfold the plot.
However, Zhao Lingqi under the Northern Song Dynasty literary hero Su Dongpo's door was ingenious, based on the legendary "Yingying Biography" made by Yuan Shu of the Tang Dynasty as a story template, and composed a set of drum words with twelve "Shang Tune Butterfly Love Flowers", telling the story of Zhang Sheng and Cui Yingying falling in love through a song. Its storytelling and literary appreciation are excellent, and it has become the precursor of the suite of palace tunes of the Jin and Yuan dynasties.
What is particularly innovative is that Zhao Lingqi revised and cut the original text of "The Legend of yingying" into ten storylines, and interspersed twelve "Butterfly Love Flowers" to summarize the story with lyrics, and express the storyline with specific words, which is the most basic form of expression of meta-miscellaneous drama. Therefore, Zhao Lingyi's twelve "Shang Tune Butterfly Love Flowers" are also known as the "Ancestors of Opera"!
The above song "Butterfly Love Flower" is the fourth of the twelve songs, the storyline told is: The red lady holds the color note entrusted by Cui Yingying to Zhang Sheng, and the color note reads: "Wait for the moon to go down in the west wing, the windward household is half open, the wall flowers are moving, it is suspected that the jade people are coming", Zhang Sheng carefully pondered the meaning of the meeting, and could not help but be happy!
In the opening chapter of the poem, Shang yan borrows the scenery lyrically, describing Zhang Sheng's lonely lovesickness and deep sorrow. The last two sentences are written by the red bride to send a letter, suddenly announcing the good news, and the worries of the day are dissipated, carefully pondering the meaning of the meeting.
Xia Yan seems to depict a warbler, or write Zhang Sheng's artistic mood when imagining a meeting: the moon rises into the air, the clear light sprinkles on the curtain, swaying and living posture, and a sentence of "Zhu Hu is still lazy" will be manifested in anticipation ambivalence that cannot wait. At the end, it turns again, turning from jing, to set off the joy of the lover with dynamics, "clearly suspected" seems to be contradictory, but in fact it means infinitely, intriguing!
Zhao Lingxi's set of "Shang Tune Butterfly Love Flower" not only created a new art form, but also adapted Yuan Shu's "Yingying Biography", and later Dong Xieyuan of the Jin Dynasty wrote the "West Chamber Of the Palaces" based on Zhao Ling's suite, and Wang Shifu of the Yuan Dynasty added a richer storyline and performance form on the basis of the Zhugong Tuning, which gave birth to the ancient "Sixth Talent Book" - "The Tale of the West Chamber"!