Author | Fan Deng Reading · Lin Xiaoqi
Anchor | Fan Deng Reading · Jia Luo
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Dear book lovers, good evening
Welcome to Fan Deng's reading character column - "Stars".
Reading the Stars Shine · Experience extraordinary life.
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The character who appears today is the founder of the meta-drama and one of the four masters of the meta-song.
Although he was born into a family of medicine, he abandoned medicine and literature; although he spent his life in the city, he was comparable to Shakespeare; his understanding of the suffering of the world was more transparent than that of the people of the world.
Below, let's walk into the wonderful life of The Meta-Dramatist - Guan Hanqing.
The world often says:
"A generation has a generation of literature, and a lifetime has a lifetime of elegance."
Chinese literature, from the poetry of Chu Ci, to the Han Fu Tang poems, to the Song Dynasty Yuanqu, and finally to the Ming and Qing novels, there have been poets and writers in the first generation who have hidden the essence of Chinese.
However, for yuanqu and meta-drama, its sense of historical existence seems to make people feel insignificant, even if the popularity is not very high today.
However, in fact, meta-drama is the root of all opera scripts in later generations, and its rise has directly affected the trend of Chinese literature.
And in these meta-miscellaneous dramas, there is a person whose name can not be circumvented in any way.
He is the "composer saint" known as the Shakespeare of the East - Guan Hanqing.
Before him, Chinese drama was still groping in obscurity, and after he stepped on the stage of history, he wrote the first batch of mature opera scripts in China, so that Yuanqu officially appeared on the stage of history.
With a pen, he wrote down the joys and sorrows of the people at the bottom of the society at that time, and outlined the hardships of the people under the dark court.
Life is like a drama like a candle, burning red dust and tears a lot.
As a scholar, he confronts all kinds of injustice in the world.
And his most famous "Dou E'e Grievance" is more like a huge picture scroll recording the misery of the people, which slowly unfolds in history.
Guan Hanqing was born in the late Jin Dynasty and the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, in an era of frequent wars and chaos.
At that time, in the places ruled by the Yuan Dynasty, the imperial court divided the people into three, six, and nine grades: first-class Mongols, second-class Semites, third-class northern Han chinese, and fourth-class southerners.
As a Han Chinese in the north, Guan Hanqing's family was incorporated into the "medical household" by the government with medical skills, and naturally had no worries about food and clothing, and their status was much higher than that of the people at the lowest level.
But years of war and chaos have made the people miserable, and the attacks of foreign races have also made him see the suffering of the human world, Guan Hanqing is unbearable in his heart, and he is determined to do something for the people.
In the year of the crowning, he gave himself the word "Hanqing", which means "out of the Secretary of State and into the prime minister, for the people's lives".
However, the Yuan court did not emphasize poetry, did not practice the imperial examination, and the era of taking the title of the scholar with literature was no longer there.
If you are not a good doctor, you will be a good doctor, and since you cannot ask for the people's life, it is better to use your own medical skills to save the people.
However, in that era, seeing a doctor was also the privilege of the rich and noble, and the people did not have enough to eat, and who had spare money to see the doctor.
Even if Guan Hanqing did not want medical expenses, those poor people did not have the money to buy medicine.
How can a healer who is born to see the people dying of illness in front of him not be heartbroken?
Since practicing medicine cannot save the people, it is better to use the pen as a knife to stir up the corrupt rule of the imperial court and awaken the warmth in the hearts of the people.
Guan Hanqing began to move towards the city life, re-examining self-worth and the meaning of life.
He preached in the song "Nanlu Four Pieces of Jade":
"Idle has thought about the past. It is he who is virtuous, and it is me who is foolish, fighting for something. ”
What merit and fortune, what merit and foolishness, right and wrong, have nothing to do with him, he knows where his heart is, where his life is.
In fact, many times, what affects our state of mind is not desire, not the environment in which we live, but ideals and pursuits.
Only when one has seen the sorrows of the world can one understand the impermanence of life.
Only after experiencing the waves of the world will you understand your heart and know what kind of person you want to be.
Kitajima said: "Clinging to ideals, pure in the present." ”
When a person understands what kind of person he wants to be, he will live in the present moment and be based on tribulations.
Even if fate weighs on him, he will bounce back and give fate a hard blow.
The 19th-century Russian writer Chernyshevsky once said:
"Art comes from life, is higher than life, and will eventually return to life."
This sentence is regarded as a guideline by the world.
But as early as six hundred years ago in China, Guan Hanqing had already applied this concept to his life.
After abandoning the doctor and practicing the text, Guan Hanqing mixed with the singers and prostitutes in the Goulan Courtyard, personally experiencing the joys and sorrows at the lowest level of society.
Whether it is eating, drinking and having fun, or singing and dancing, or poetry and song, Guan Hanqing is painless and refined.
People of the time also often used to describe him as "born a gentleman, erudite and literate, funny and intelligent, and full of wind and currents".
But all this is just his appearance, and under his uninhibited and indulgent, he still can't cover his creative heart.
Shijing's experience made Guan Hanqing discover that the irrationality of the plot design of the opera at that time, those plots only blindly pursued novelty, but ignored the authenticity of the plot.
Therefore, Guan Hanqing found the opera class owner and pointed out the problem, and the class owner saw that the young man had clear logic and conclusive words, so he wanted to invite him to rewrite the script.
Guan Hanqing readily agreed that once "Single Knife Society" was launched, it was sought after by the world.
Guan Hanqing succeeded, but he was not satisfied with this, he wanted to travel the world, wanted to see more injustices in the world, in order to write better works.
At that time, in addition to the capital, hangzhou, Suzhou and other places in the south were also very developed in commerce.
A large number of northern playwrights and performers have gone south to make a living, and Guan Hanqing is naturally no exception.
Along the way, he wrote all the unfair things he saw into one work after another.
His "Lu Zai Lang" exposes the ugly face of the powerful bully;
His "Wangjiang Pavilion" satirizes the face of the powerful and bullying;
His "Save the Wind and Dust" embodies the right of women to pursue happiness.
He also integrates the plight and choices of the people into his works to make them more vital.
His works are becoming more and more famous in China, and many high-ranking officials and nobles want to find him to create operas.
But Guan Hanqing never forgot his original intention, he wanted to shout for the lowest and most helpless people in society, to speak out, in the face of countless temptations, he brushed his sleeves away.
I've heard this sentence:
"There is no charm in life, and there is no forgiveness of sin until death."
In the world, people still have to learn to be human beings first, and no matter what, they should be upright, not fly and dog.
In this way, we can withstand the blows of fate and enjoy the gift of life.
Although the bitterness is tasted, the bone qi is still there; the road is far away, and the original intention remains unchanged.
A brave person who knows what the bottom line is, knows what can be done, and perseveres, will also know what not to do, so that he will resist temptation.
Some people say that in life, there should always be one thing that needs to be fully promoted.
This matter is meaningless, but it is the embodiment of a person's heart.
A wandering in the streets completely changed Guan Hanqing's fate.
One day, Guan Hanqing went to the theater to visit friends as usual, but found a weak woman with a shawl on her back and was taken to the court, and an old woman followed her around on the way, crying incessantly.
Guan Hanqing asked passers-by, only to learn that the woman's name was Zhu Xiaolan and that she was the daughter-in-law of the old woman.
Originally, the family lived a stable and happy life, but the bully next door, Li Yi, took a fancy to Zhu Xiaolan, so he designed to kill her husband and force Zhu Xiaolan to obey.
When Zhu Xiaolan did not comply, Li Yi used silver and two to buy a notice to the government, planted her to murder others, and arrested her and tortured her to extract a confession.
Zhu Xiaolan refused to confess, so he threatened her to beat the old woman to death, and Xiaolan could not bear to have her mother-in-law killed, so she could only confess her guilt.
By the time the passers-by finished speaking, Guan Hanqing was already angry, but at this time, he was powerless, and could only go to the law field with the team to send this girl on the last journey.
At three o'clock in the afternoon, Zhu Xiaolan was asked to be beheaded.
Guan Hanqing did not want to leave for a long time, he was full of injustice in this world, and he was determined to write a touching play, so that the world could see the grievances in this.
The truth has arrived, and the pen is written. Guan Hanqing quickly completed this miscellaneous drama - "Touching the Heavens and Moving The Earth Dou E'e Grievance".
However, before this "Dou E'e Grievance" was performed, some people came to visit and wanted to close Hanqing Mingzhe to protect himself and dispel this idea.
However, Guan Hanqing did not back down in the slightest, and he told the man that "Dou E'e Grievance" would definitely be staged and would shock the world.
Sure enough, as soon as "Dou E'e Grievance" was staged, it was full.
In Guan Hanqing's pen, Zhu Xiaolan, alias Dou E, was framed by the bully Zhang Donkey'er, and in order to save her mother-in-law, she was sent to justice by the comatose official.
At the end of the play, Dou E'er was unjustly killed, feixue in June, and three years of drought in Chuzhou, after which Dou Tianzhang found out the grievances and sent Zhang Donkey Er and the corrupt official to prison together, and the injustice was revealed.
This "Dou E'e Grievance" won the applause and support of all the people, but it also became a thorn in the eyes of the elite.
Therefore, the imperial court ordered that Guan Hanqing be put on death row and asked him to revise the script, but Guan Hanqing was determined that even if he died, he would do justice for the people.
Some people may think that Guan Hanqing is very stupid, in that dim era, he should be alone and protect himself.
But for Guan Hanqing, the so-called "justice" is not exactly a kind of determination and a kind of strength released at the time of injustice.
Fortunately, justice is in the hearts of the people, and the famous masters of the city Chinese and the people have united tens of thousands of people to seek justice for Guan Hanqing.
In the end, under the strict investigation of the imperial court, Guan Hanqing was released from prison without guilt, and this "Dou E'e Grievance" spread all over the world and penetrated the hearts of the people.
In fact, there is no shortage of wise people in this world who are "wise and self-protective", and what is missing is the "fools" who dare to struggle and dare to carry the weight forward.
And Guan Hanqing is exactly such a "stupid person" who "where the Tao is, although tens of millions of people are looking forward to it."
Confucius said, "A gentleman is a gentleman who is born in the tao." ”
Only with righteousness and rules can a person do things well.
Under the axioms, justice is immortal; conscience is not lost, and blood is cold.
Walking in this world, only with a clear mind can we go further and steadier.
Tian Han once wrote this comment in his drama "Guan Hanqing":
"Will be green blood, write loyal martyrs." This blood, transformed into the Yellow River Yangtze Waves, is longer than the hero's soul! ”
Guan Hanqing has been stubborn all his life, and he has suffered for a lifetime, he has seen the helplessness of too many people, and he has also carried the faith of countless people.
His meta-dramas have never only written out what they think in their hearts and spoken for the people; his body contains the country and the people; his pen edge hides love, hate and hatred.
He once shouted uninhibitedly: "I am a leader of the whole world, the prodigal son of the world." ”
It is precisely because of this that he is respected by the people, and it is precisely because of this that more than seven hundred years later, his works can still penetrate the heart and lungs.
Wang Guowei once commented on him:
"There is no one to rely on, self-casting great words, full of human feelings, and the true color of the words."
Guan Hanqing lived "really", so he gave his soul to creation, so that it could live for the people in that era;
Guan Hanqing stood up to "righteousness", so he could awaken people's conscience, let justice continue, and make his name famous in history.
Authenticity will make people fulfilling, but also will make people profound. It is not so much wisdom as it is nature.
Guan Hanqing relied on this sad and compassionate nature to spend his stubborn life;
And because of this truth, the world will remember him in his heart and never forget it for the rest of his life.
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Author | Lin Xiaoqi, a practitioner who walks on words. Willing to use warm words to accompany you through every day.
Column Director | Cheng zi
Typography | Zheng to the north
Image | The pictures in this article come from the Internet, and are invaded and deleted
Music | missing you