In order to strengthen its control over the localities, the Tang Dynasty set up five capitals similar to today's municipalities directly under the central government, known as the five capitals. The An Shi Rebellion broke out, and Chang'an City was attacked by an An Lushan rebels. The Tang Dynasty also temporarily fixed the capital Fengxiang, known as Xijing. With the addition of Fengxiang, the Tang Dynasty had six capitals. The author will write an article today to tell you the story of the five capitals of the Tang Dynasty.
The shangdu of the Tang Dynasty, Daxing City, built by Emperor Wen of Sui. The Han Chang'an City built by Liu Bang, the ancestor of Han Gao, was abandoned by Emperor Wen of Sui because of water pollution. Emperor Wen of Sui built Daxing City, which was the capital of the Sui Dynasty, not far from the Han Chang'an City.
Li Yuan raised an army in Taiyuan and marched to Chang'an City to kill. Li Yuan's troops encountered resistance from the Sui general Qu Tutong at Hedong. Li Yuan did not entangle with Qu Tutong and gave up the battle for Hedong. Li Yuan and Qu Tutong are old colleagues and know that Qu Tutong is cautious and cautious. Li Yuan crossed the Yellow River under Qu Tutong's eyes, and Qu Tutong sent his troops to pursue him, almost defeating Li Yuan. The strategic location of Hedong is very important, it is the gateway to Chang'an, and after crossing Hedong, Chang'an has no danger to defend. After Li Yuan founded the country, he changed the name of Hedong County to Puzhou. In the eighth year of the new century, Tang Xuanzong established Zhongdu here.
Sui Dynasty Emperor stills, pictures from the network, thanks to the original author.
Luoyang, known as Luoyi in ancient times, was the capital of Zhou Tianzi. In the first year of Daye, Emperor Wen of Sui enlisted millions of people, 23 out of 10, and built the Sui Tang Luoyang City. Luoyang City was the capital of the Sui Dynasty Emperor and the headquarters of Wang Shichong. After Li Shimin laid siege to Luoyang, he also painstakingly managed Luoyang. Luoyang was originally the capital of the Tang Dynasty, second only to the capital Chang'an.
Under the influence of Wu Zetian, Li Zhi moved the capital to Luoyang, so that Luoyang and Chang'an "attach equal importance to the two capitals". After Wu Zetian ascended the throne as emperor, he made Luoyang the capital of the gods, surpassing Chang'an in status. Except during the periods of Li Zhi and Wu Zetian, Luoyang was always the capital of the Tang Dynasty. An Lushan established the pseudo-Yan Dynasty, proclaimed himself Emperor Shengwu, and also set the capital at Luoyang.
During the Sui and Tang dynasties, the dry farming civilization was gradually replaced by the rice cultivation civilization. Grain production in the south is becoming more and more important to China. Grain in the south is generally transported through the Grand Canal to Luoyang, where the "tributes are made". Although luoyang's status is not as good as Chang'an, it is also a position of sitting on two and looking at one.
Li Zhi and Wu Zetian stills, pictures from the Internet, thanks to the original author.
Hezhou, also known as Taiyuan, is the land of the Li Tang royal family. Taiyuan's strategic position was very important, and it was at the forefront of the confrontation against the EighteenThray. When Li Shimin was in power, he sent Li Jizhen to guard Taiyuan for sixteen years, and the eighteen parts of the grassland did not dare to cross the thunder pond. Li Shimin saw that Li Ji was so steady and praised Li Ji: "The Great Wall of Xian is far away."
When Li Jizhen was defending Taiyuan City, he mobilized the people and built the East City next to jinyang Palace. Li Ji operated and established many fortifications and water conservancy projects for sixteen years. Li Ji's exploits earned the state the status of northern capital. In the first year of Tianzhi, Wu Zetian established the prefecture as the northern capital.
In the first year of the Shenlong Dynasty, the north was abolished. In the eleventh year of the new century, Tang Xuanzong restored the northern capital. In the third year of Tianbao, the northern capital was renamed Beijing, alongside Chang'an and Luoyang. Leaving aside the economic stock, if we talk about strategic position, Beidu is definitely the third largest city in the Tang Dynasty, second only to Chang'an and Luoyang.
The capitals of Chang'an, Luoyang, The Middle Capital, Puzhou, and Beidu are all in the north. The only capital of the Tang Dynasty in the south, in the area of present-day Hubei. The Zizhi Tongjian records that in the seventh year of Wude, Li Yuan wanted to move the capital to Xiangzhou, which is today's Xiangcheng District of Xiangyang City. This matter, because of Li Shimin's opposition, finally failed.
During the Sui and Tang dynasties, the rice cultivation civilization gradually replaced the dry farming civilization. Rice in the south gradually replaced millet (yellow rice), millet (millet) and wheat in the north and became one of the main food crops in China. Rice has a long history of cultivation in China, and before the Song Dynasty, its status was not as good as that of dryland crops in the north.
Tang Xuanzong stills, pictures from the network, thanks to the original author.
The area under the jurisdiction of the ancient Jingzhou was rich in rice and fish. Jiangling was the capital of the State of Chu during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and during the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the Jingzhou Assassin History Department was established. During the Three Kingdoms period, Cao Wei, Shu Han, and Eastern Wu fought a life-and-death war for Jingzhou. Guan Yu carelessly lost Jingzhou, not the entire territory of Jingzhou, but the Jiangling of Jingzhou.
Gangneung, also known as Nan County, refers to Jingzhou. The seat of government in ancient Jingzhou was in Gangneung most of the time. Gangneung's geographical location is very important, claiming to be the throat of China's north and south. In order to strengthen its control over the south, the Tang Dynasty has been actively operating Jiangling. During the first year of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang, he established the Governor's Mansion of Jingzhou.
After the outbreak of the Anshi Rebellion, the north was already unstable. In order to stabilize the situation in Jiangnan, Emperor Suzong of Tang established Nandu in Jiangling. The southern capital controlled Bashu in the west and Jingyang Wuyue in the east. In terms of economic stock, Jiangling, which has only more than 30,000 households and a population of more than 100,000, is not a big city. In terms of strategic position, the southern capital of Jiangling was the most important city of the Tang Dynasty in the south, and there was no one.
Of the five capitals of the Tang Dynasty, four were in the north and one was in the south. These five major cities, except for Shangdu and Beidu, the other three capital cities are not satisfactory in today's development. Beidu is still the capital city of Shanxi today, and it is also an important city in the northwest region. Chang'an is now renamed Xi'an and remains the capital of Shaanxi. Although Xi'an is not as brilliant as it was during the Tang Dynasty, it is still one of the fifteen new first-tier cities recognized by the state.
The development of Luoyang, the capital of The Thirteen Dynasties, is completely inconsistent with the rich cultural heritage of the ancient capital of the Thirteen Dynasties. Luoyang is neither the capital city of Henan Province nor a new first-tier city, nor even a city listed separately in the plan. The capital of Puzhou, in today's Yuncheng City, Shanxi Province. The author is not familiar with Yuncheng and does not know that Yuncheng now belongs to several tier cities. Nandu Jiangling is now Jingzhou City, Jingzhou City is now far inferior to Wuhan, the author does not know how many cities Jingzhou is counted as a number of cities.
Source of this article: Professor of the Department of History of Shaanxi Normal University Mr. Yu Gengzhe Video Open Class "Urban Life of Sui and Tang Dynasties"
Historical source of this article: New Book of Tang. Geography Chronicle", Zizhi Tongjian
This article was originally written by Wang Fuxing. Code words are not easy, please respect the original, unauthorized, reproduction is strictly prohibited. I have signed a contract with a rights protection company to entrust a rights protection company to protect my rights. Unauthorized reprinters, the rights protection company will defend the rights on behalf of the person.