#汉文帝霸陵确定为西安江村大墓 #
Recently, the location of the tomb of Emperor Wen of Han, the founder of the rule of Wenjing, has finally been confirmed, which is a memorable day in the history of Chinese archaeology. Because since the Yuan Dynasty, historians believe that the tomb of Emperor Wen of Han is at the mouth of the Phoenix, and even at the foot of the mountain of the mouth of the Phoenix, there is a stone stele, which was erected by Bi Yuan, the inspector of Shaanxi in the Qing Dynasty, and the five characters of "Emperor Han Wen's Tomb" are clearly engraved on it. That is to say, the Qing Dynasty also examined that the Phoenix Mouth was indeed the tomb of Liu Heng, the third serious emperor of the Han Dynasty. This confirmation of Emperor Wen's tomb in Jiangcun In Bailuyuan overturned a series of previous claims and could better restore the true history.
The founding emperor of the Western Han Dynasty, Liu Bang, that is, Liu Heng's father, had already demarcated a royal tomb area in Xianyangyuan, and according to common sense, the tombs of the emperors of the Han Dynasty should be built here, but why did Emperor Wen of Han violate the ancestral system and build his mausoleum to Bailuyuan, more than 80 kilometers away? To understand this matter, we must start with the succession of Emperor Wen of Han.
In 180 BC, the 62-year-old Lü Hou was already terminally ill and was about to complete his ups and downs of his life, the first empress in the history of the feudal dynasty, this woman who was constantly criticized by later generations, relying on her wrist and prestige, turned the clouds and rain on the court and became the actual ruler of the Han Dynasty after Liu Bang's death. After the death of his only son, Liu Ying, the Emperor Hui of Han, in order to maintain his rule, Empress Lü openly tore up the alliance of white horses that Liu Bang had confirmed that "liu was not the king of liu" and began to make Lü surnamed king.
When Lü Hou was critically ill, Lü Hou still did not trust the Lü family, and issued a final edict before his death, and Sima Qian recorded in the historical record:
In mid-July, Gao Hou became very ill and ordered Zhao Wanglu to be a general and a northern army; King Lü lived in the Southern Army.
Before his death, Lü Hou still thought of expanding the power of the Lü family. This edict moved the interests of the Manchu Dynasty's wenwu and thus became the last straw that crushed the Lü family.
Soon after, Lü Houxue died and was buried in Changling. The world was in chaos, with Liu Xiang, the king of Qi, raising troops to rebel in his fiefdoms, and Inside, Manchu Wenwu, who was dissatisfied with the Lü family, under the leadership of Zhou Bo and Chen Ping, launched a coup d'état in Chang'an. Fearing reprisals from the Lü family, the Dukes killed Liu Hong, along with Liu Ying, the son of Emperor Hui of Han and The Young Emperor Liu Hong, who had been supported by Lü Hou.
Without an emperor, the Great Han urgently needed to elect a new emperor, and in this chaos, Liu Heng, who was far away in daiji, was elected as the new emperor by the heroes of the Zhulu Rebellion because of his generosity and benevolence. The prince, who had been living in peace and guarding himself for many years in the barren land, ushered in a major turning point in his life.
In 180 BC, Liu Heng ascended the throne as emperor. What kind of life did this emperor who hurried from the country have?
Emperor Wen of Han Liu Heng was not welcomed by Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang because of his mother Bo Ji. Bo Ji was originally Wei Bao's favorite, and after Liu Bang destroyed Wei Bao, Bo Ji became Liu Bang's woman. However, Liu Bang soon lost interest in Bo Ji and never gave her the title of lady. Liu Heng has been dependent on his mother since he was a child, never causing trouble, and has left a gentle and generous impression on people.
In the 11th year of Han Gaozu, Liu Bang attacked Daidi and made the 8-year-old Liu Heng the Acting King, with the capital at Jinyang. The acting king is not a good title, and the land is barren. Fortunately, it was far from the center of political struggle, so it was fortunate to escape the power of Lü Hou's 16 years in power.
Before inheriting the throne, Liu Heng's mother and son had a grudge against the central government, afraid that one day Lü Hou would send someone to send a cup of poisonous wine, Bo Ji had already seen through the cruelty of the royal power struggle, so under the influence of the ear, Liu Heng also hated the dispute between the royal family, which made him reject the family.
This is his choice to stay away from the original imperial tomb belt in Xianyang after his death, away from his own family, and re-plan a imperial tomb of his own.
In addition, the layout of the imperial tombs of the Western Han Dynasty was deeply influenced by the Zhaomu system. The Zhaomu system is one of the important temple systems in the Zhou Rites. The successive monarchs of a dynasty must be strictly ranked, the so-called Zhaomu, that is, the ancestor is in the center, the father is zhao on the left, and the son is on the right. The Changling tomb of Liu Bang, the ancestor of Han Gao, naturally occupied the ancestral throne, and the Anling of Liu Ying, the Emperor hui of Han, was located on the right side of Changling, which was also in line with the Zhaomu system of father left and son right. However, Liu Heng and Liu Ying were both sons of Liu Bang, and Liu Ying occupied the throne as the eldest son of Liu Ying, so how should Liu Heng's mausoleum be arranged?
Liu Henggui was the emperor, and naturally refused to submit to the people, so he simply opened up another mausoleum area. And for Liu Heng, whether he can enter the royal tomb area is not important, not to mention that he himself does not like it, and more importantly, it is another mausoleum area, which is also very beneficial to his mother.
Emperor Wen of Han Liu Heng and Empress Bo mother and son deep love, Empress Bo was ill for three years, Liu Heng every day when he returned from the dynasty, he had to serve his old mother, personally taste each bowl of soup medicine, this story was written into the "Twenty-Four Filial Pieties", becoming a model of Chinese filial piety culture.
Although Bo Ji's mother relied on her son Gui, because her son Liu Heng succeeded to the throne as emperor and Gui became empress, she never became an empress. In that era of superstitious ghosts and gods, if the mother was buried in Changling, it was bound to be impossible to compete with Lü Houling. If the mother is buried in the new mausoleum area of their choice, their mother and son can also be accompanied by each other in the nether world.
Empress Bo's mausoleum is located in the southwest defensive line of the Phoenix Mouth, called the Southern Tomb. It is said that Empress Bo's mausoleum looked at changling across the Wei river from afar, just west to wufu, and her son Liu Heng's tomb was on the right, just east to my son. Locals call it Mochikozuka.
In summary, Xiaobian believes that Emperor Wen chose the site of The Tomb in Bailuyuan first to solve the funeral problem of Empress Bo, secondly, he personally did not like to be buried with the Liu royal family, and finally the restrictions of the so-called "Zhaomu system".