Glasses are no stranger to everyone, it has brought good news to many myopic friends, and Xiaobian is one of the beneficiaries. I wonder if you have ever wondered what the ancients would do if they were short-sighted? In fact, the ancients also had special glasses, such as a piece of crystal gold circle unearthed in the tomb of king Guangling, which is the "glasses" of the ancients. What exactly does the crystal gold ring look like? Let's let Xiaobian reveal the secret to you from scratch:
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In the 1960s and 1970s, archaeologists inspected the area around Ganquan Town, Hanjiang County, Jiangsu Province, and found a large number of ancient tombs of the Han Dynasty, of which two Han tombs were larger, located in the east and west directions. In the spring of 1980, local villagers took soil kilns from mounds east of Ganquan Town and inadvertently dug up the largest Han tomb on the east side, so archaeologists carried out a protective excavation of the tomb to avoid further damage in the future. At that time, experts did not realize that this ancient tomb that had been sealed for a thousand years was actually a tomb of a Han king.
After more than half a month of excavation and cleaning, the experts opened the tomb chamber, and according to the tomb inscription, the owner of the tomb was Liu Jing, the King of Guangling in the Eastern Han Dynasty, the ninth son of Liu Xiu, the Guangwu Emperor of the Eastern Han Dynasty. There are not many records in the historical records of Liu Jing, the king of Guangling, but Liu Jing's penchant for plotting rebellions is well documented. For example, after the death of Emperor Guangwu, Liu Jing instigated Liu Yi (the eldest son of Emperor Guangwu) to replace Emperor Ming of Han in order to usurp the throne, and later Liu Jing colluded with warlocks to launch a rebellion, but neither time was successful. In the end, Emperor Ming of Han could not bear to kill Liu Jing and made him the King of Guangling and moved to Yangzhou, but many years later he rebelled again, but who expected the matter to be exposed, so he committed suicide in fear of his crime.
Although Liu Jing's historical evaluation is not high, his tomb has made great contributions to archaeological research. For example, a gold seal was found in Liu Jing's museum, about 2.3 centimeters long and about 0.9 centimeters thick, and the four words "Guangling King Seal" were engraved at the bottom, which not only corroborated the identity of Liu Jing, the king of Guangling, but also added a new treasure to the Nanjing Museum. In addition, Liu Jing's tomb also unearthed a large number of gold and silver ware and silk fabrics, but the most surprising thing is a treasure that was almost missed by experts - the inlaid crystal gold circle.
At that time, Liu Jing's coffin contained hundreds of various burial items, and experts recorded them while counting, afraid of missing any cultural relics. In the upper right of the bottom of the coffin, an expert used a small shovel to pick out a gold ring that looked like a ring, but there was a transparent crystal stone in the middle. The experts could not say what it was for a while, so they recorded it and waited for it to be cleaned and studied after returning to the museum. Later, when museum experts cleaned this gold circle, they found that it actually had the function of enlarging.
After further research, experts found that the gold circle can magnify the font on the book by 5 times, and the crystal stone in the middle of the gold circle is a convex lens, so this gold circle is also a reading glass, indicating that Liu Jing is not good at seeing things, and it needs to be seen clearly with the help of a magnifying glass. It can be seen that the ancient ancestors of the mainland invented glasses more than 1800 years ago, which is also the oldest glasses in history.
For a long time, we may think that glasses are "imported products" and also named "dioramas", but in fact, glasses were first invented by our ancient ancestors. Not only the crystal-embedded gold circle excavated from the tomb of Liu Jing, the king of Guangling, can be directly proved, but also some archaeological findings can also be indirectly proved. For example, in the Yin Ruins oracle bones unearthed in Anyang, some of the oracle bones are as fine as gossamer, and it is obviously difficult to carve without the help of a magnifying glass. In addition, Mozi in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period studied the principle of small hole imaging, and the Northern Song Dynasty scientist Shen Kuo, who also analyzed the principle of convex and concave lenses in the "Mengxi Pen Talk", so according to the theoretical conditions at that time, it was possible to make a magnifying glass.
In the international archaeological community, many people think that glasses were invented by the Englishman Rogge Bakken around 1268, but the latest research shows that the reason why Roger Bakken was able to invent glasses was because Marco Polo brought back to the West the way China made glasses after traveling in China, thus giving Roger Becken inspiration and inspiration, and improving the principle and basis of Chinese glasses to make the prototype of the glasses we wear now, because it is more ergonomically designed. Therefore, Bakken has a great influence on the history of the development of glasses.
In any case, the wisdom of the Chinese ancestors is infinite, but also made great contributions to the world, whether it is the "four ancient inventions" or ordinary glasses, all reflect the ancient Chinese ancestors' spirit of exploration. Therefore, we must not be arrogant and self-effacing today, but must inherit and carry forward the tireless spirit of exploration of our ancestors and strive to build a beautiful country in the new era.
Resources:
"Cultural Relics: Han Tomb No. 2 in Hanjiang, Jiangsu" by Ji Zhongqing, No. 11, 1981
"History and Collection of Chinese Glasses" by Zhao Mengjiang, Publisher: Sichuan Fine Arts Publishing House
Wenlan Hairun Studio Editor-in-Chief Wen Xiucai, this article is written by: Special History Writer: Liu Lijiang's