When it comes to the tombs of ancient emperors, most of the first thing that everyone thinks of is the Terracotta Warriors of the Qin Shi Huang Mausoleum, which attracts everyone's attention with its magnificent momentum and has become a major discovery of archaeological tombs.
However, in the excavation of tombs in the south, there are also discoveries that make experts shine, which is a mausoleum in Huangyan, Zhejiang Province, the tomb of Zhao Bopeng in the Southern Song Dynasty.
Zhao Bopeng is the seventh grandson of Zhao Kuangyin, the founding emperor of the Northern Song Dynasty, that is, "still sun", and the objects excavated from his mausoleum are of great significance to archaeology.
Not only did we see the dressing style of the royal family and nobles at that time, but also gave us a rare understanding of the aesthetics of the Southern Song Dynasty.
A rare sight: well-preserved royal tombs
For the royal relatives of ancient China, the view that "life does not bring, death does not bring" does not apply to their lives.
The size and luxury of the mausoleum is often a symbol of the status of these people, as Zhao Kuangyin's grandson Zhao Bopeng, whose status is precious, naturally like others, there are many "treasures" hidden in the tomb.
So far, a total of 66 cultural relics have been cleared out of Zhao Bopeng's tomb, and most of these cultural relics are mainly silk costumes, and the dynasties cover from the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms to the Southern Song Dynasty.
According to experts, the coffins of the Southern Song Dynasty in Zhejiang have been preserved so far, and the tomb of Zhao Bopeng is more prominent in it, and it is the only tomb that has not been stolen so far. Moreover, as a member of the royal family, his position is unique and rare, and it is of great value to the archaeological community.
Rich in clothing styles: noble and elegant royal life
The funerary items selected by the members of the royal family often represent their life style and preferences. Traditional tomb mining, the main cultural relics unearthed are mostly jewelry or jade made of gold and silver, because these things are the most intuitive reflection of their value, but Zhao Bopeng's tomb is more "special".
After careful mining, archaeologists found that in Zhao Bopeng's tomb, the most is closely related to our food, clothing, housing and transportation.
From this, we speculate that Zhao Bopeng was probably a nobleman who was keen on "dressing" before his death. In his tomb, the unearthed clothes and costumes are diverse, covering clothes, pants, socks, shoes, boots, jewelry and so on.
Although there are many clothes, the ornamental theme is not repetitive and monotonous, not only one. In addition to double butterfly strung branches and practicing magpie wearing flowers, it also includes patterns such as cloud crane lotus flowers.
These motifs are rich in shape and look noble and elegant, which clearly reflects the pursuit of royal life in the Southern Song Dynasty.
What is compatible with the social environment of emphasizing literature and light weapons is people's pursuit of their own quality of life.
While enjoying a high standard of living, they are unambiguous in terms of food, clothing, housing and transportation, and do not forget to do the style design and material of the clothes to the extreme, most of them use silk fabrics and silk fabrics, which not only look elegant and beautiful on the outside, but also comfortable to wear on the body.
In ancient times, the clothes of the royal family and nobles were very elaborate in both material and style design.
They prefer to make clothes out of "Aya Satin" and embellish their favorite patterns. Moreover, the clothing styles and style characteristics that prevailed in different eras have their own characteristics.
The ornamental design of the clothes is not only a symbol of their status, but also reflects the ultimate pursuit of the spiritual appearance and ideological realm of the characters of different eras.
"Crown of Song Costumes": A portrayal of the cultural life of the Southern Song Dynasty
In this tomb, the excavated cultural relics fabric style is very complete, and the current varieties of silk, luo, yarn, yarn, silk, silk, embroidery and so on are seen.
Because there are enough styles, and for archaeology, these cultural relics have high research and learning value, so this batch of silk cultural relics is called "the crown of Song costumes".
"Tang poetry and Song poetry" is a representative of mainland poetry, and the song dynasty's word endowment and painting play an important role in the history of mainland literature and painting.
Even the emperor was intoxicated, so it can be seen that the "Song people" are very advocating aesthetics and enjoyment, the pursuit of the soul is reflected in literary creation, and the pursuit of the body can only be reflected in the appearance of clothing.
The commodity economy of the Song Dynasty was developed, and the merchants who came from the south to the north not only played a role in communicating the economy, but also played the role of cultural exchanges, and the openness of thought and integration were also promoting the continuous improvement of aesthetics.
Since the Han and Tang Dynasties, whether it is the aesthetics of poetry painting or the daily aesthetics, they are majestic and thick, and they are rich and gorgeous, winning with strong courage and bright colors.
However, in the Song Dynasty, the society represented by the literati advocated a bland orientation, with "bland beauty" as an elegant ideological realm and aesthetic orientation.
The aesthetics of clothing naturally cannot escape the influence of the general environment, in this era, people are more pursuing "plain" and "artistic conception", loving and pursuing the ideological realm of "ethereal", and the pursuit of the picture artistic conception is also bland.
The Southern Song Dynasty poet Li Qingzhao grew up immersed in the social atmosphere at that time, and the beauty of the lazy and lonely artistic conception of "red lotus incense remnant jade in autumn, lightly dissolving Luo Bao, and going alone on the orchid boat".
Although we often say that the development of art is independent, at that time, society promoted theory of science, and painting constantly raised the interest of landscapes, flowers and birds.
Therefore, the embroidery and overall style of the clothes are also bland, and rarely seen in bright colors.
The characteristics of the clothes unearthed from the tomb of Zhao Bopeng are exactly like this, whether it is the shoes worn on the feet or the clothes on the body, looking around, it can be seen that its color is relatively flat, and the style is not very complex, and there are few eye-catching styles and colors.
Even so, even if the overall style is biased towards blandness, it is still very attractive due to its elegant and noble design.
The mining of tombs not only has great research value for archaeology, but also can get a lot of historical materials from the research center of its artifacts, and the study of the tombs of historical figures is an important way to study ancient history.
In the same way, we can grasp the aesthetics of local characters at that time from the "cultural relics" they brought into the underground, and these seemingly lifeless "cultural relics" continue to take us to further understand the previously unknown cultural era.