The family planning policy was established as a basic national policy in the 1980s with the aim of systematically controlling the population and improving living conditions. But few people in the country who proposed a family planning policy, his name is Ma Yinchu.
In 1882, Ma Yinchu was born in Pukou Town, Shengxian County, Zhejiang Province, and went to the United States to study after completing his studies at Beiyang University in Tianjin. During his stay in the United States, he was eager to serve the country, studied hard, and obtained a master's degree and a doctorate in economics.
Ma Yinchu
In 1915, ma Yinchu returned to his homeland in the early years of the Beiyang government, first as a clerk in the Ministry of Finance, and the following year as a professor in the Department of Economics of the National Peking University, and since then entered the education system.
Although Ma Yinchu was a person in the field of education, he was still always concerned about the domestic situation, and often gave professional speeches in a pin-and-shoot manner to establish a correct orientation for the people.
After the September 18 Incident, Ma Yinchu published a lengthy article attacking Chiang Kai-shek's so-called "foreign must first be at home" policy, and criticized Kong Xiangxi's erroneous foreign financial policy from the perspective of his own professional economics.
After the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japan, Ma Yinchu was still teaching at the university, and when he heard the news that Li Gongpu and Wen Yiduo had been assassinated by Kuomintang agents, Ma Yinchu could not suppress the anger in his heart, left a suicide note to his family, and risked his life to give a live speech at Nanjing Central University.
Ma Yinchu was emotionally agitated on the podium, using one fact after another to unveil the true face of Chiang Kai-shek's launching of the civil war against the people, and also exposing the fact that some people were making difficulties in making money in the country, which caused great repercussions in society, but also offended Chiang Kai-shek and others.
In December 1940, Ma Yinchu was arrested, first imprisoned in the Xifeng concentration camp in Guizhou, and later transferred to Shangrao, Jiangxi, and under the rescue of our Party and the appeal of people from all walks of life, the Kuomintang was forced by public opinion to release Ma Yinchu in August 1942.
Although Ma Yinchu was released from prison, he was still not given personal freedom and was placed under surveillance and house arrest on Gele Mountain in order to isolate him from the people.
Before the founding of New China, Ma Yinchu received a handwritten letter from Zhou Enlai inviting him to go north to participate in the preparatory work for the establishment of New China. To escape persecution by Kuomintang agents, Like many democrats, Ma Yin first went to Hong Kong and then to Beijing.
On March 25, 1949, Mao Zedong, Zhu De, Liu Shaoqi, Zhou Enlai, and Ren Bishi traveled by car from Xibaipo to Beijing. When Ma Yinchu saw the convoy, he was so excited that he rushed to Zhou Enlai's jeep in spite of order, and he loudly said to Zhou En, "Following your instructions, I have arrived in Beiping safely." ”
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Ma Yinchu was appointed president of Zhejiang University, and began to serve as the president of Peking University in 1952, during which Ma Yinchu successively served as a member of the Central People's Government, deputy director of the Financial and Economic Committee of the State Council, and member of the Standing Committee of the First National People's Congress.
Ma Yinchu is a famous economist, educator, and demographer in China, and he was also the first person in China to propose family planning.
In 1953, China carried out the first census after the founding of the People's Republic of China, and the census results showed that as of the end of June of that year, the Chinese population was 600 million people, and the estimated appreciation rate at that time was 20 ‰, which meant that the annual new population was around 12 million.
Ma Yinchu, the president of Peking University at the time, was skeptical of the data after seeing this result, and after analysis, he believed that the census using the sampling survey method could not summarize the situation of the whole society, because the population growth rate in a certain place in Shanghai reached 39 ‰.
Ma Yinchu began a three-year population survey and found that China's annual population growth rate is at least 22 ‰, and he also found that if this rate of growth is followed, China's population will reach 2.6 billion around 2005.
If the Chinese mouth really reaches 2.6 billion, then Chinese even eating by oneself will become a problem, Ma Yinchu wrote his research and suggestions into an article "Population Control and Scientific Research", which was discussed by the author.
Ma Yinchu's proposal surprised everyone, because at that time, most people only had the concept of "many people and great strength", and did not realize that too many people would also bring problems, and Shao Lizi was a very small number of people who agreed with Ma Yinchu's proposal.
Shao Lizi also proposed to raise the legal age of men and women in the marriage law for the family planning policy, publicized the idea of late marriage and late childbearing, and advocated the implementation of birth control, especially in the vast rural areas. Ma Yinchu also advocated that a couple have only two children and limit population growth by overstaying taxes.
Later, Ma Yinchu's population theory was widely criticized, and the family planning initiative was temporarily shelved, but he never gave up on this proposal. During Ma Yin's initial stay, he still wrote many works that were of great benefit to China's development, such as "New Population Theory", "China's Economic Transformation", etc., and the "Agricultural Book" alone had as many as a million words.
Zhou Enlai inspected Peking University, accompanied by Ma Yinchu
In 1972, Ma Yin was first suffering from rectal cancer, and Premier Zhou Enlai personally instructed him to undergo rectal cancer resection surgery at the age of ninety. Ma Yinchu was paralyzed in one leg in 1965, and after this operation, the other leg was also paralyzed.
In 1976, Premier Zhou Enlai died, Ma Yinchu strongly requested to go to the hospital to participate in the farewell ceremony of Zhou Enlai's body, he looked at the premier who bowed for the new China, remembered Zhou Enlai's sincere invitation to Beijing to build a new China, and Ma Yinchu, who had been strong and optimistic all his life, sat in a wheelchair and cried.
In 1982, Mr. Ma Yinchu drove to the west of hexi at the age of 100, and after a whole century, Ma Lao left a thick book to new China, the dedication of the master.
In September 1982, the population policy of planned childbearing, the family planning policy, was established as the basic national policy and was written into the Constitution in December 1982.
Ma Yinchu in his later years
Ma Yinchu was an advocate of family planning in China, but he had two wives and seven children, which seemed to contradict Ma Lao's claims, but it was not.
Ma Yinchu was born in 1882, when it was still the eighth year of the Qing Dynasty Guangxu, from a young age, the intelligent and studious Ma Yinchu had excellent grades, and when Ma Yinchu was 19 years old, after the arrangement of "the fate of his parents", Ma Yinchu and Zhang Tuanmei married, which was a typical arranged marriage.
Zhang Tuanmei has all the advantages of traditional women, although she has not received an education in the new culture, but Zhang Tuanmei has a loyal and kind personality, can cook authentic hometown dishes, and has always done a very good job in thrifty family management.
A year after marriage, Ma Yinchu ushered in his eldest son, and in the same year, Ma Yinchu was admitted to Beiyang University in Tianjin, which can be described as a double happiness. In the following years, Zhang Tuanmei gave birth to three daughters for Ma Yinchu, but unfortunately, Ma Yinchu's eldest son died prematurely, and Zhang Tuanmei always felt ashamed of Ma Yinchu from the heart, which laid the groundwork for Ma Yinchu to marry again later.
Ma Yinchu did not stop the pace of study, he went to the United States to study for nine years, during which he did not empathize with each other, until 1915, when Ma Yinchu returned to China, his relationship with Zhang Tuanmei was still very good.
Zhang Tuanmei persuaded her husband to marry another one, and at first Ma Yinchu always disagreed, but later could not resist Zhang Tuanmei's persuasion and the pressure of various parties in the family lineage. In 1917, Ma Yinchu married Wang Zhongzhen, who was 22 years younger than himself, in Shengxian County, when Wang Zhongzhen was only 13 years old.
In the feudal era, women were married at a very young age, and China in 1917 was in the early years of the Republic of China, and such relics existed everywhere, especially in relatively backward small cities and rural areas.
Wang Zhongzhen gave birth to two sons and two daughters for Ma Yinchu, plus three daughters born to Zhang Tuanmei, ma Yinchu had a total of 7 children. Ma Yinchu's two wives got along very well, and after Ma Yinchu arrived in Beiping to stabilize, he took all the two wives to live together, and the family of ten lived together happily and happily.
Ma Yinchu once exchanged population issues with Chairman Mao, and he confidently said that "too many Chinese mouths are because there is no electricity at night in the countryside." Chairman Mao laughed and quipped to Ma Yinchu, "You Ma Yinchu gave birth to seven children, is it also that there is no electricity at home at night?" Ma Yinchu's face turned red in an instant, and he was speechless in shame.
Ma Yinchu is also known as "a resounding 'copper pea' that is not steamed, cooked, and hammered", because of his upright personality. Ma Yinchu wrote many works in his lifetime, made great contributions to the economic and educational undertakings of New China, and was known as "the first person in Chinese oral studies".