Wen 丨 "Those Years" little that
As the fourth leader of the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhao Kuo's sense of existence was really weak--he led the Southern Song Dynasty for thirty years, but his deeds in the history books were lackluster; he was the emperor, but he only got a supporting role in many of the great dramas staged in these thirty years. Why? Not only because his ability cannot support the protagonist's role, but also because he is used to being arranged in his bones.
<h1>The throne suddenly descended, and the ducks were driven to the shelves</h1>
Zhao Kuo's character cultivation is inseparable from the influence of the original family.
Zhao Kuo has a shrew-like mother, Li Fengniang (article link). As an empress, she acted arbitrarily, flew high, stirred up discord within the imperial family for many years, and was also sinister and jealous, because the emperor looked at the hand of a certain palace girl, she chopped off the hand of the palace girl, and the emperor loved Huang Guifei, so she killed the noble concubine when the emperor was not there.
Zhao Kuo also has a fragile father, Song Guangzong (article link). In the face of Empress Li's doing whatever she wanted, Song Guangzong did not dare to be angry, did not dare to speak, and was even frightened out of neuropathy. Moreover, he was heavily anxious, worried every day, always worried about the throne being taken away, worried that his son would not be able to succeed smoothly, and even suspected his father Song Xiaozong, who avoided him for many years.
Grandpa Song Xiaozong may have also brought some shadows to Zhao Kuo. When Emperor Guangzong of Song first ascended the throne, he wanted to make Zhao Kuo the Crown Prince, but was strongly obstructed by Emperor Xiaozong of Song, on the grounds that he felt that this grandson had mediocre qualifications and was not the material for being an emperor. At that time, Zhao Kuo was already twenty-two years old, and he must have understood the controversies he was carrying.
Song Ningzong
So when the throne suddenly hit him in the head five years later, he looked a little cramped and panicked.
It was 1194, Song Xiaozong died of illness, Song Guangzong refused to mourn for his father, causing turmoil in the imperial court, Han Nongxu united with the clan Zhao Ruyu and the empress dowager, plotted "Inner Zen", and supported Zhao Kuo as emperor, for Song Ningzong. When Zhao Kuo heard this arrangement, he evaded around the temple pillar and shouted in succession: "Can't do it, can't do it!" The crowd took Zhao Kuo to his seat on the throne, but he wept and retreated, thus staged the second "yellow robe plus body" in the history of the Song Dynasty.
<h1>Effort or effort? </h1>
Zhao Kuo's ascension is purely "catching ducks on the shelves".
However, since he had already sat in this position, Zhao Kuo still took the initiative to make some efforts. Unfortunately, these efforts are superficial.
Zhao Kuochao loves to learn. Soon after taking the throne, he appointed ten sutra officials headed by Zhu Xi, and also personally ordered ten sutra feast lectures, announcing that the lectures would be held on the same day, and once every other day, the feast officials would go to the lecture on a daily basis, speaking in the hall early and speaking in the lecture hall later. Zhao Kuo also especially loved to read, saying that "there is nothing to do with retreating from the DPRK, I am afraid of laziness, and I must read more books." Zhu Xi was once very touched, and sighed in a letter to his disciple Cai Yuanding: "If this is the case, the country is blessed with boundlessness, and righteousness must not be lost." ”
But the truth is that Zhao Kuo reads, walks wildly, does not seek much understanding, and only chases the number. Minister Peng Guinian reminded him: "The study of a human monarch is different from that of a scholar, but he can humbly accept the advice and change the good, which is the first thing in the sacred study. Later, the facts also proved that Zhao Kuo's reading of these books and these lessons did not allow him to achieve real growth.
Zhao Kuo also loves Na Zhi. As soon as he ascended to the throne, he issued an edict and asked for a blunt statement, and his attitude was extremely sincere: "When it comes to the government and government, and when it comes to border defense, why should the heavens be the first, and why should the people's affairs be urgent?" Don't worry about the big officials, don't be afraid to stoop. If there is a supplement to the country, it should be added to the reward! "In short, don't be scrupulous about anything, and be bold enough to give advice!" Not long after, he issued an edict again, asking the attendants and the counselors to go up again and discuss the gains and losses of the government.
How, this gesture is touching, right? However, it is not enough to have a posture, the key is to judge and act. Zhu Xi once reminded him: "At the beginning of your reign, you should have decreed so many things, but I have not heard of any real implementation. Now that we have asked for our opinions, I am afraid that we will still have to become a fictitious language. It is recommended that the provincial officials review it in advance, select out the reasonable and relevant documents to play to you, and then take the purpose to implement, so that the hearers will know and persuade and speak bluntly. ”
Fortunately, thanks to the help and support of such a group of reliable courtiers, Zhao Kuo, who was at the beginning of his ascension to the throne, reluctantly established an image of a "Ming Jun". Unfortunately, this image is completely paper paste...
<h1>A puppet at the mercy of others </h1>
Zhao Kuo's biggest problem is his lack of initiative.
Every time when he ascended to the court, Zhao Kuo was like a Maitreya Buddha, quietly listening to the ministers' verbal battles, not taking a stance if he could not express his position, and being vague when he had to take a stand. It is said that one of his favorite words is "can". To what extent is the word "can" abused? The two ministers each made a fold, their views were completely opposite, and the methods of disposal were not the same, but Zhao Kuo also approved a "can" word, which made him confused.
The consequences of their lack of initiative are destined to be led by the nose by others. After Zhao Kuo ascended the throne, he appointed Zhao Ruyu and Han Nongxu as their counterparts, and the struggle between the Zhao and Han factions was fierce, and later the Han Party gained power and realized dictatorship. Since then, Zhao Kuo has become Han Nongxin's "marionette".
Han Nong
At that time, Zhu Xi was the leader of the science of science, and he had a lot of appeal inside and outside the court, and he served as a feast and was able to often exert influence on the emperor. Han Nongxin felt threatened by this, so he joined forces with the party to arrange a play - let Youling carve Zhu Xi's wooden idol, perform a puppet play in front of the imperial court, imitate Zhu Xi's form, teach reasoning, laugh and scold. Zhao Kuo was already jealous of Zhu Xi, and with such a stimulus, he deeply resented Zhu Xi and his theory, so he drove Zhu Xi away on impulse and put the hat of "pseudo-science" for his science.
Not only that, under the impetus of Han Nongxu, Zhao Kuo launched two large-scale Song-Jin wars. The first was in the second year of the Kai jubilee (1206), which resulted in a major defeat and the signing of the Jiading Peace Agreement with Jin. The second time was fought from the tenth year of Jiading (1217) to the fourteenth year of Jiading (1221), and the war spread to all areas from the upper reaches of the Yangtze River to the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, resulting in the destruction of many people's homes, but in the end neither side won.
The Song historian Yu Yunguo commented: "Zhao Kuo was incompetent and had no opinion, and on the issue of peace and war with Jin, he was wavering, often at the mercy of his courtiers, first by Han Nongxu, then by Shi Miyuan, and even the imperial heirs who maintained the national unity were also handled by the powerful ministers. ”
Song Xiaozong's words became a proverb, and Zhao Kuo was indeed not the material for being an emperor. During the 30 years of the Southern Song Dynasty under the leadership of Zhao Kuo, politics, economy, military and culture all fell into a slippery slope at the same time.
<h1>Why do you live so "passively"? </h1>
Zhao Kuo's problems, one is in ability, the other is in personality. Especially the passivity of his personality, let him always be at the mercy of others.
In real life, many people have similar traits - lack of opinion, lack of attitude, fear of making decisions, habit of being arranged... This is psychologically classified as a "passive personality". The formation of this personality is actually related to behavioral motivation, and psychologists believe that, to some extent, people's behavioral motivations can be divided into two categories:
One category is the "pursuit of success". Their focus is always on how to succeed. In order to achieve the goal, we will do our best, even if it fails. In the value system of such people, the satisfaction brought by the pursuit of success is more than the fear brought about by failure, so their external performance is to be more active in doing things;
The other is the "avoid failure type". In the value system of such people, failure is a more difficult thing to bear, and their motivation is to avoid failure and ugliness as much as possible, so they will keep themselves in a safe area as much as possible. It is better not to do it than to make a mistake, so the way of behavior will tend to be passive.
The roots of difference often come from a person's childhood experiences. Passive people are likely to experience harsh judgment and non-acceptance at a young age, and associate it with emotions such as shame and fear. When they grow up, in order to avoid this experience, they can only try not to act spontaneously, so as not to meet the standard and attract negative judgment.
There is also a passive personality that stems from the overprotectiveness of the parents. Overprotecting and coddling is actually a kind of distrust and lack of confidence in the child, always afraid of the child's loss and mistakes. If you are always instilled in your youth with the hint that the so-called "external risks are great and the self is weak", it is often easy to form a passively dependent personality.
Looking back at Zhao Kuo's growth process and original family, these two factors are probably both.
If you are also plagued by "passive personality" in work, life, and emotions, then I hope you can face it, dissect it, and break it. While changing personalities and ways of thinking isn't easy, there are always some changes that are worth trying! Because only by breaking the "passive" spell can you truly control your own life.